ABSTRACT
This
study was designed to find out the environmental influence on students’
academic performance in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area of Edo State. The research questions that were formulated
to guide the study were:
1.
Does
school environment influence the academic achievement of students?
2.
Does home
environment have influence on the academic achievement of students?
3.
Does home
neighbourhood have influence on the academic achievement of students?
4.
Does peer
group have influence on the academic achievement of students?
5.
Does
parental education have influence on the academic achievement of students?
The result reveals that only parental
background does not have significant influence on students’ achievement.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Approval Page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables vii
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Statement of Problem 4
Research questions 4
Purpose of the Study 5
Significance of the Study 6
Scope of Study 7
Definition of Terms 8
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW
OF LITERATURE
School Environment 9
Home environment 15
Home Neighbourhood 19
Peer Group Influence 22
Parental Educational Background 25
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design 31
Population 32
Sample Size and Sampling Techniques 32
Instrumentation 32
The Validity of the instrument 33
Administration of Instrument 33
Method of Data Analysis 34
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA
ANALYSIS
Presentation and Discussion of Findings 35
Presentation of Result 35
Discussion of Result 42
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 45
Conclusion 47
Recommendations 48
References 50
Appendix 55
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of Study
Today’s
modern society expects everyone / students to be a high achiever. And the key criteria to judge one’s true
potentialities and capabilities are perhaps academic achievement/performance
which has become an index of a child/the students’ future. As a result, there is a great pressure on the
minds of the child and their parents on how to attain the societal
expectations.
The
educational institution/school that is charged with the responsibility of
impacting teaching and learning processes do not exist in a vacuum. Since it has been discovered that the
student’s academic achievement is a function of various factors based on the
learning environment which comprises of all the student is exposed to in the
school and outside the school that can facilitate or inhibit learning.
Hence
this study is geared towards examining the conditions and possible influences
of supportive environment in the home, school, neighbourhood, peer group and
other environmental factors that could enhance the students’ academic
achievement in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area of Edo State.
Poor
academic performance of students have given rise to accusations and counter
accusations by the government and school proprietors, the teachers as well as
the parents as to who could be responsible for the problem of poor academic
performance.
The
world fastest growing economic today is in Asia. The Asian Government particular by Japan and South Korea took some desired steps
to develop their educational system with a very strict assessment process. This compels students to learn to be able to
achieve high scores that can guarantee them places in choice employment. Japan ever requires parents to take
examination before their children are allowed into primary school as they
believe that home is a vital contributor to the achievement of students in the
school system.
Fraser
(1981) found that students learn through interacting with their environment and
that most of the observable variance in students’ performance is attributed to
students’ characteristics and environment of learning. McRobbie, Roth and Lucys (1997) assert that
the nature of classroom, environment can have a direct impact not only on their
achievement but also on their personal-social behaviours.
Schareider
(2003) in his study counted school faulty condition to effective teaching and
learning in schools. More and Lackney
(1994) in their handbook on educational facilities concluded that physical
setting has both direct and mediated efforts on social and achievement outcomes.
Statement
of Problem
The
Nigerian Nation is in hurry to join the league of developed and industrialized
nations of the world. To be able to
attain this lofty goal, education of the citizenry had been identified as the
panacea. The question that comes to mind
therefore is “Can the environment under which learning is taking place in our
schools lead to the attainment of the goals of education? More specifically, does school environment
influence academic achievements? Does
the neighbourhood, peer group and parental education influence academic
achievement of students?
Research Questions
To find answers to the problem of this
study, the following research questions were raised:
1.
Does school
environment influence academic achievement of students?
2.
Does home environment
influence academic achievement of students?
3.
Does home
neighbourhood/society influence academic achievement of students?
4.
Does peer group have
influence on academic achievement of students?
5.
Does parental
education influences academic achievement of students?
Purpose of Study
The purpose of this study is to
determine empirically the components of learning environment that influence
academic performance of secondary school students in Ikpoba-Okha Local
Government Area of Edo State. The knowledge
of these components of learning environment that influence academic
performance, is to the intent that adequate recommendations as to how these
factors can be manipulated to enhance higher academic performance can be
determined.
Specifically to determine if and to
extent to which:
i.
School
enrolment/school environment influence academic achievement of students.
ii.
Home
environment influence academic achievement of students.
iii.
Peer
group influence academic achievement of students.
iv.
Home
neighbourhood influence academic achievement of students.
v.
Parental
education influence academic achievement of students.
Significance
of Study
The
findings of this study will be of immense benefit to all major players in the
education industry. To school
administrators in that it will enable them take appropriate steps to create an
enabling environment that will increase the academic achievement of
students. To the parents as they will be
able to know/observe the influence their home environment and neighbourhood
have on their children’s academic achievement.
To the teacher(s) as they would be able to create a suitable environment
that will enable the students perform in that they will be exposed to the
factors within their learning environment that can enhance their academic achievement.
Scope
of Study
While
it is evident from research findings that a number of factors could be
responsible for students’ academic achievement.
This study considers only the factors that could be termed learning
environment. This study covers all
secondary schools in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area of Edo State.
Definition
of Terms
1. School
Environment: These are the facilities,
learning materials made available to the study as well as the conduciveness of
the school to enhance or inhibit learning.
2. Home
Environment: This is the
availability or non-availability of facilities in the home to enhance or
inhibit learning.
3. Parental
Education: This is the degree of
parent’s educational attainments with its associated social, economical and
financial benefits has the capabilities to enhance or inhibit learning.
4. House
Neighbourhood: This is the immediate
community that the student lives.
5. Academic
achievement: The mean performance of the students on the
various school subjects.
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