ABSTRACT
The study was a descriptive research
design, which focuses on teachers and students from five private and five
public schools in Yaba Local Government Education District. The sample for the
study comprises of 30 teachers and 70 students randomly selected from the
selected schools. The study made use of questionnaire in facilitating data
collection. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentage, t-test
and chi-square method of statistical analysis.
The following are the major findings
of the study:
·
Hypothesis
one reveals that teachers' attitudes in Business studies is gender significant.
·
Hypothesis
two reveals that Teachers' attitude affects her effectiveness in classroom
interaction.
·
Hypothesis
three reveals that Student's academic performance is sometimes influenced by
their teachers' attitude".
·
Hypothesis
four reveals that Attitudes of private and public school teachers towards the
teaching and learning of business studies in secondary schools are quite
different.
The study recommended the following
amongst others.
Teacher should be adequately motivated and remunerated. Government
should provide adequate funds for the schools to be able to purchase the needed
material and equipment.
Teacher should be made to adhere strictly to the moral
principles and code of conduct of the teaching profession.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Page
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table
of Contents vi-vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study 1
1.2
Statement of the Problem 5
1.3
Purpose of the Study 6
1.4
Research Questions 7
1.5
Research Hypotheses 7
1.6
Significance of the Study 8
1.7
Scope of the Study 10
1.8
Definitions of terms
CHAPTER
TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Concept of Teaching 12
2.2 Concept
of Attitude 16
2.3 Discipline of Business Studies 24
2.4
Rationale for Business Studies 26
2.5
Teachers Behavior and Job Attitude
27
2.6 Teachers Effectiveness as Students
Motivational 33
Factors
2.7 Ways of assessing teachers’ productivity in
the 37
Teaching and Learning of Business Study
2.8 Relationship between Attitude and Learning 40
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design 43
3.2 Population of the Study 43
3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique 43
3.4 Research Instrument 44
3.5 Validity of the Instrument 45
3.6 Reliability of the Instruments 45
3.7 Data Collection Method 46
3.8 Data Analysis 47
CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.0 Introduction 48
4.1 Summary of findings 72
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary 74
5.2 Conclusion s 77
5.3 Recommendations 78
References
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY
A teacher is a significant figure in the school environment
where he works and so his attitude to work tends to have significant
implications, which cannot be dismissed with a wave of hand if academic
excellence is to be achieved in our educational institutions where as the
teacher is the key player in the educational field, the child is at the centre.
In order to achieve academic excellence in the 21st century and
beyond, the role of the teacher as portrayed through the teacher’s attitude,
cannot be over emphasized. The school environment has been described as “the
second most important social environment for the child after family”
(Bettencourt, et al; 2003) has demonstrated that teachers’ attitude may be
translated into behavior that can have problematic results for students
learning. Teaching is an art and devotion of the teacher towards the subject of
knowledge. The quality of any teaching programme cannot rise above the quality
of its teacher.
Teachers have an important role in
classroom communication, classroom behaviour management, and the achievement of
teaching aims. The settings in which effective and successful classroom
management is conducted are bound to make a contribution to students' success.
A lot of research has dealt with classroom management and teaching skills to
determine the characteristics of teachers and students. This research aims at
exposing the relationship between teachers' attitude toward students on
students' academic performance Because the influence of teacher attitudes
inside and outside the class on students' academic performance was determined
freely through student observation and student opinions, a qualitative approach
was employed in the research. Findings reveal that students perceive teachers'
way of classroom management, in-class and out-of-class attitudes, and teaching
methods and strategies had positive or negative impacts on their academic
success and participation in lessons.
Attitude as a
concept is concerned with an individual way of thinking, acting and behaving.
It has very serious implications for the learner, the teacher, the immediate
social group with which the individual learner relates and the entire school
system. Attitudes are formed as a result of some kind of learning experiences.
They may also be learned simply by following the example or opinion of parent,
teacher or friend. This is mimicry or imitation, which also has a part to play
in the teaching and learning situation. In this respect, the learner draws from
his teachers’ disposition to form his own attitude, which may likely affect his
learning outcomes.
Attitude as a concept is concerned with
an individual way of thinking, acting and behaving. It has very serious
implications for the learner, the teacher, the immediate social group with
which the individual learner relates and the entire school system. Attitudes
are formed as a result of some kind of learning experiences. They may also be
learned simply by following the example or opinion of parent, teacher or
friend. This is mimicry or imitation, which also has a part to play in the
teaching and learning situation. In this respect, the learner draws from his
teachers’ disposition to form his own attitude, which may likely affect his
learning outcomes.
In his observational theory, Bandura
(1971) demonstrated that attitude is acquired by watching another (the model,
teacher, parent, mentor, and friend) that performs the behavior. The model
displays it and the learner observes and tries to imitate it. Teachers are,
invariably, role models whose
attitude are easily copied by students.
What teachers like or dislike, appreciate and how they feel about their
learning or studies could have a significant effect on their students.
Unfortunately, however, many teachers seldom realize that how they teach, how
they behave and how they interact with students can be more paramount than what
they teach. In a nutshell, teachers’ attitudes directly affect students’
attitudes. Teachers’ attitudes are in turn, influenced by their culture and
belief system.
Teachers’ attitudes towards their
students in school must be favorable enough to carry students along.
Teacher’s attitude springs from a number of sources. Some
of these are to be found in the classroom but many outside it.
Omoegun, (2002) stressed that the relevance of teacher’s
attitude to work influence students, pupils and society.
Business studies is a subject taught in the junior
secondary schools. It enlightens the pupil on various things, relating to their
personal day to day activities going on in their society hence, this course
make them useful to themselves and the society in which they live in.
Business studies as a discipline involving business and
clerical activities which examines the method and theories involved in all
office transactions within a particular industries so as to ,make the
organization become more efficient; and more effective, also it incorporate
subject like typewriting, shorthand and commerce, elementary account and some
of economic. In other word, it enables them to cope with some economic
activities in the society, (Greene, 1998).
Therefore, teacher’s attitude in business studies is very
essential because it helps to stimulate the interest of students towards
learning business studies. The attitude of business studies teacher among other
thing will equip the teacher with the ability to strengthen the confidence of
his students in their capabilities.
It is against this background that these studies
investigate the relationship between teacher’s attitudes and student’s academic
performance in business studies in yaba local government.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
According to Lepper J. (1999), the extent to which age and gender,
qualification, owning to personal perception and teachers attitude were predictors
of student’s academic performance in business studies has been noticed.
While there are teachers who are very effective and have
positive attitude towards good teaching and learning. So also are teachers who
are not effective and have brought discouragement to students. These attitude
on the part of the teacher could be a reflection of their home, training and
preparation (Lepper J. 1999),
Teachers’ attitude can also be traced to low salaries,
unconducive school environment and leadership styles as perceived by such teachers.
Negative attitude to work does not produce effective performance, therefore,
teacher’s attitude as an intervening variable between students learning and academic
performance should not be overlooked.
It is against this background that the study investigates
the relationship between teacher’s attitudes and students’ academic performance
in business studies in Yaba local government.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE
STUDY
The main aim of this study is to examine the relationship
between teacher’s attitude and students’ academic performance in business
studies in some selected schools in Yabe local government specifically, the
study will look into the following;
1.
Examine
out what factors constitute teacher’s; attitude;
2.
Investigate
how teacher’s attitude in business studies affect their students learning
performance in the subject;
3.
Establish
if there is a relationship in teachers attitude and students academic
performance.
4.
Establish
if there is any teacher’s attitudes towards business studies; and
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The following questions would be provided with answers in
order to guide the study;
1.
What
factors constitute teacher attitude in business studies.
2.
What
impact does teachers attitudes have on their student performance.
3.
Is
there a relationship between teacher attitude and students academic
performance in business studies
4.
Is
there any difference in the attitude of the male and female teachers teaching
business studies.
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
The following hypotheses would be postulated to guide the
study
H0: There will be no
significant difference in a male and female teachers’ attitude in business
studies.
H0: There will be no
significant relationship between teachers attitude and students performance to
business studies.
H1: There will be no
significant difference in public and private school teachers’ attitude in the teaching
and learning of business studies
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY
Based on the finding of this study, it is hoped that the
following will benefit from the study.
Parents: It is hoped that the study would be of benefit to parents
As it would reveal to them how they can enhance a positive
attitude of the teacher through frequent visit to the school and also through
Parents Teachers Association (PTA) meetings it would also reveal to them that
the training of the child is a joint task, which should not be left done for
the teachers.
Teachers: The findings of this study would reveal to teachers, the
effect of negative attitude of their effectiveness and student performance and
thereby encourage them to always have positive attitude towards their subject
in order to portray a favorably model in their learners.
Educational Authorities: The outcome of this study would make known to educational
planners and administrations the importance of motivation in enhancing a better
job attitude. It would however; help in revealing how to tackle the problem of
teacher’s attrition and low productivity at the local, state and national
levels.
Finally, it is hoped that findings of this study would
enhance a balanced educational, individual, societal and organization growth by
proposing to authorities concern, ways of encouraging better academic
performance of students and also add to copious amount of literature on
teachers’ attitude to work.
1.7 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
The study focuses on teachers’ attitude and students’
academic performance in business studies in secondary schools in Yaba Local
Government Area of Lagos State. It will be limited to private and public junior
secondary schools in Mainland Local Education District Area of Lagos State due
to time and functional constraints.
For this reason, five private and five public schools were
selected for the research work. The result of which was expected to explain the
situation of things from other schools in the state.
1.8 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
The following terms are operationally defined;
Teachers’ attitude is the ability of the teacher to provide
agreed upon effects in a given context it refers to result not personality. It
represents output not inputs, not so much of what a teacher does but what he
achieves (Amoo, 2002).
Attitude: According to Johnson (1975) attitude is a combination of
concepts, information and emotions that result in a predisposition is respond
favourably or unfavourable towards particular people, group, ideas, event or
object.
Gender: According to Ahonsi (1994), gender is a social conception
of the expectation and behaviour considered appropriate for those identified as
male and female. It is the social interpretation of being male and female.
Teaching resources: Amoo (2002) said that these are collection of materials,
tools and equipment etc. that can be used effectively to enhance teaching and
learning.
Teacher: Olayinka (1991), declared that, a teacher is a
professionally qualified person, trained, certified and well prepared to teach
specific subjects in a school.
Teaching: According to Pollias and Young (1969), teaching is a means
of guiding students in security the amount and quality of experience which will
promote the optimum development of their potential as human beings.
Learning: Hilgard Bower (1975) defined learning as a complex process
by means of which knowledge, skills, habits, facts, ideas and principles are
acquired, retained and utilized in order to adopt to one’s environment and also
to modify the existing behaviours when necessary.
Private schools: These are fee-paying schools that are own by individuals
or private institutions.
Public schools: These are schools that are managed by the government and
whose management has been assigned to state or local government. All decisions
followed in schools are directives from the government and they are non
fee-paying schools.
Learning strategies: This refers to the activities by which learning is
achieved. For examples; reading loud, copying notes, consulting peers, asking
the instructor for clarification are all learning strategies.
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