This study was conducted investigate the incidence of measles in Alade Idanre, Descriptive study design was used for this research. The total number of one hundred and ten (110) mothers in Alade Idanre were selected for this research simple random sampling were used because it gave mothers equal chance of being selected. It was revealed that majority 88 (83.8%) of the respondent said that measles spread from person to person through air by infection droplet. The major route of measle virus transmission is through the inhalation of infectious droplet. Majority (90.5%) of the respondent opined that measles can be prevented through immunization. Vaccination is the effective mean of preventing measles. It was also revealed that (49.5%) opined that immunization coverage can be increase through house to house immunization. It was recommended that health worker should ensure they get more coverage of immunization. Also, mothers should avoid unnecessary excuses when it is time to have their child immunized.
Title Page
Table of contents vi-vii
List of tables x-xi
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Despite the enormous efforts by the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) at reducing the global burden of measles, it has remained a public health challenge. Worldwide, measles is fifth leading cause of death among under-five children with an estimated 197,000 deaths in 2007 (Strebel et al., 2003). Measles infection is still prevalent in many developing countries especially in parts of Africa and Asia where more than 20 million measles cases are reported annually (World Health Organization, 2009). In the West Africa sub-region, large and recurrent epidemics associated with high mortality have occurred in Niger (2003), Nigeria (2004) and Chad (2004) (Grais et al., 2007). Frequent epidemics continue to occur in countries that have not fully implemented the WHO strategy (Grais et al., 2007; Alemu et al., 2004; Granty County Health District, 2008).
Measles is a leading cause of vaccine-preventable childhood mortality. Worldwide, the fatality rate has been significantly reduced by a vaccination campaign led by partners in the Measles Initiative notably, the American Red Cross, the United Nations Foundation, UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO). Globally, measles fell 60% from an estimated 873,000 deaths in 1999 to 345,000 in 2005. Estimates for 2008 indicate deaths fell further to 164,000 globally, with 77% of the remaining measles deaths in 2008 occurring within the South-East Asian region (WHO, 2009).
Five out of six WHO region have set goals to eliminate measles, and at the 63rd world health assembly in a May 2010, delegate agreed a global target of a 95% reduction measles mortality by 2015 from the level seen in 2000 well as to move toward eventual eradication.
However, no specific global target date for eradication has yet agreed to as of May 2010. On January 22, 2014. The WHO and the pan American health organization declared and certified Colombia free of the measles while becoming the first Latin American country to abolish the infection withing its borders. Cases reported in the first three month of 2019, were 300% higher than in the first three of 2018, with outbreak in every region of the world, even in countries with high overall vaccination coverage where it spread, among Custer of unvaccinated people.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to World Health Organization Africa Region (WHO AFRO), a measles outbreak is defined as five of more reported suspected cases of measles in a health facility or local government area in one month with a plausible means of transmission (Federal Ministry of Health,2006). This defines the threshold that should elicit appropriate control measure like case finding line listing of additional case, improved case management and concentrated immunization activities.
In Nigeria, measles is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Failure to deliver at least one dose of measles vaccine to all infants remains the main reason for high measles morbidity and mortality as 95% coverage is required to interrupt measles transmission (Mayxay et al., 2007). The National Program on Immunization aim of reducing measles case fatality to near zero has depended on the adoption and implementation of the WHO four prong strategy; improving routine immunization with at least one dose of measles vaccine at 9 months, providing a second opportunity for measles immunization through supplemental immunization active-ties, establishing case based surveillance with laboratory confirmation and improving case management (World Health Organization, 2001). In Nigeria, measles outbreaks have been increasingly common with 30, 194 and 256 outbreaks reported in 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively (World Health Organization and AFRO, 2008).
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Some mothers does not get their children immunized due to their lack of ignorant or uncompleted immunization which has led to a problem. they also tend to use all sort of herbs concoction in treating measles rather than taking their children to the hospital. Measles can be serious, children younger than 5 years of age are more likely to suffer from complications. Common complications are ear infection and diarrhea while serious complication include pneumonia and encephalitis. This carries for the study.
AIMS OF THE STUDY
To improve vaccine coverage world wide and strengthening national immunization service delivery to reach every child on time with life saving vaccine, a world free from measles death and disease is attainable.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To determine the measles vaccination coverage required to establish herd immunity against measles virus.
To achieve and maintain routine measles vaccination coverage with two doses of the measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine 95%
To supply immunization activities to population groups at risk for measles and to individual susceptible to measles.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
To improve the timeliness and effectiveness of investigation and response to measles including detention and to identify programmatic gaps to prevent future outbreaks.
ASSUMPTIONS
People believed that measles occur as a result of the wrath of Gods
They use ashes or palm wine to bath the infected child and also uses calamine lotion in treating the child.
DEFINITION OF TERMS.
Measles: An acute highly contagious disease often of childhood caused by measles virus of genus morbilli virus.
Mortality: The state of being subjected to death.
Prevalent: Widespread in a particular area or at a particular time
World health Organization (WHO): Is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health
United Nations Children’s Fund [UNICEF]: An agency of the United Nation that administers programmes to aid education and child and maternal health in developing countries.
Vaccines: A substance given to stimulate the body’s production of antibodies and provide immunity against a disease without causing the disease itself in the treatment.
Immunization: The process by which an individual is safely exposed in a controlled manners to a material that is designed to prime their immune system against that material.
Prevention: The action of stopping something from happening or arising.
Covid-19: An acute respiratory illness in human caused by a coronavirus, capable of producing severe symptoms and in some cases death.
Pneumonia: Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both which may fill with fluid.
Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain often due to infection
Diarrhea: A gastro intestinal disorder characterized by frequent and very fluid or watery bowel movement.
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