ABSTRACT
In
chapter one the writer discussed statement of problem, purpose of study,
significance of study, limitation of study, scope of study, and methodology.
In
chapter two the writer explained literature review using various authors. In
chapter three the writer examined the history of Nigeria,
Nigeria
as a third world country.
In
chapter four She enumerated the meaning of imperialism, colonialism,
neo-colonialism, she also highlighted dependency, technological development,
industrialization, globalization, population, human sources, education/research
development etc.
In
chapter five the writer summarized, recommended and concluded the study.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Pages
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of Content vi
CHAPTER
ONE
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Statement of Problem 2
1.3 Purpose of Study 2
1.4 Significance of Study 4
1.5 Scope of Study 4
1.6 Limitation of the Study 5
1.7 Methodology 6
Notes
and References 7
CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW 8
2.1 Definition of Development 8
2.2 What is underdevelopment? 11
CHAPTER
THREE
3.1 The History of Nigeria 17
3.2 Nigeria as a Third World
(Underdeveloped or Developing
Country) 23
Notes
and References 28
CHAPTER
FOUR
CHALLENGES
OF DEVELOPMENT 30
4.1 Imperialism, colonialism, Neo-Colonialism 30
4.2 Dependency 35
4.3 Technological Development/Industrialization 37
4.4 Globalization 40
4.5 Population 43
4.6 Human Resources 44
4.7 Education/Research and Development 47
4.8 Research and Development 51
4.9 External Influence 53
4.10 The Role of Government 55
Notes
and References 58
CHAPTER
FIVE
SUMMARY,
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary 60
5.2 Recommendation 61
5.3 Conclusion 68
Notes
and References 69
Bibliography 70
Primary
Sources 70
Secondary
Sources 71
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The
expression "third world" which one often comes across in development literature
as well as in public discourse, came into use in 1956 to imply that the
countries covered by it depends either on the capitalist or the socialist
system and therefore that they belong to neither the former two worlds the
developed capitalist or the developed communist.
It is
also termed a collective term of French origin taken up by American writers,
for those states not regarded themselves as members of either the developed
capitalist or developed communist. In fact, first came up in connection with
Bandung Conference and other attempts (especially by Nehru, Surkano and Nasser)
to bring together the internationally aligned countries sharing the same
characteristics. They are thus classified by their state of economic
development as 'underdeveloped', less developed or developing states.
The third
world, includes most of the countries of Latin America and recently independent
states of Asia with exclusion of Mainland China
and Taiwan and Africa except
South Africa.
There is
also OECD enumeration which includes Turkey and the poor countries. of
southern Europe. Many of these share a colonial past and strong resentment
against imperialism. Hence the so called third world is no more than the
backyard of imperialism.
As a
concept, it groups together the under-developed countries exploited by
imperialism under a special heading implying at least that they comprise a
special area within the imperialist camp.
Furthermore,
they are poor and largely over-populated with population explosion and are
growing poorer by comparison with the industrialized nations in foreign policy,
following the Indian example as many to them favoured to be neutral (non-aligned).
It should be of note that they form one-third of the United nations membership.
Also, it should be noted that, more recently, some writer have begun to
distinguish between the third world, which they confine to those developing
countries with rich natural resources such as the oil producing states of the Middle East and the fourth world which are counted as
underdeveloped countries which have no such resources and little, if any,
prospect of development. All in all, third world evokes the feeling in one to
acknowledge that their emancipation is a necessity.
Walter Rodney
ascribes that "development in human society is a many sided process".
At the level of the individual, it implies increased skill and capacity, greater
freedom, creativity, self discipline, responsibility and material well being.
Development is often synonymous with modernization. It has been defined as a
widely participatory process of social and material advancement (including
greater equality, freedom and other values) for the majority of the people
through gaining greater control of their environment. Berger sees development
as good growth; and desirable modernization because, according to him, the values
that need to be injected into the definition are those that aim at minimizing
human costs.
Development
is the desirable discourse to be taken by human being in a particular
situation. It aims at the satisfaction of man's economic and socio-cultural
--needs in the most effective and rational way. These include economic
development, human development, physical quality of life, human freedom, gender
related development and gender empowerment.
Challenges
of development that have characterized the 'third world' countries, should not
be over stressed. These include imperialism (exploitation-suppressive
development plan by the exploiting developed capitalist nations), neo -
colonialism, dependency, industrialization, human resources, poverty and
pollution, increased burden of government and governance, lack of freedom,
alienation, disease, research and development, education, intra expert group
conflict. Technological Organization - IMF, World Bank to mention but a few.
1.2 STATE
OF PROBLEM
The major
problem to be addressed in this study is the 'third world' countries and the
challenges of development with Nigeria
as a case study. The work will
cover the following:
i. Examine what constitutes third world
countries.
ii. What is underdevelopment and
development?
iii. What are the
challenges that third world countries are going through in terms of
development.
iv. How does these affect Nigeria as a third world country?
1.3 PURPOSE
OF STUDY
The
objective or purpose of this study is to;
(i) Know which countries make up the 'third
world' or underdeveloped
countries.
(ii) Know what development is and developed
countries.
(iii) Discuss the challenges of development in
third world countries.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
The
ultimate goals and target of the study are therefore directed to enable
countries, students and stake-holders, and the world at large to:
i.
Understand third world countries of underdeveloped
Countries
ii.
Understand the reason why the countries are not
developed
iii.
Understand those challenges that have impeded
development and how they can affect Nigeria as a third world country
despite her richness in petroleum recourses.
1.5 SCOPE
OF STUDY
The study
is limited to third world countries and the challenges of development. Nigeria
is used as a case- study because of the fact that she is a third world country
and to avoid ambiguity.
1.6 LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
The
problem of shortage of time in carrying out the research. So, it becomes very
difficult for the researcher to research in a wider scope. Therefore, the
information contained therein, is limited, to the space of time allowed.
With the
present bad economy and financial problem in Nigeria today, funds is not enough
for the research work in all the various areas mentioned.
Finally,
there also shortage of research centre and workshops and materials. So the
research will be based on the much information available within reach.
1.7 METHODOLOGY
Since
methodology is a very important component of the research, efforts will be made
to apply the relevant methodology that will be suitable for the study. For
example, primary and secondary materials will be used. Other relevant methods
will be applied to gather necessary materials of the completion of the work.
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