ABSTRACT
This project
deals with the statistical study of market state of kwarapoly purewater and its
conformance to specification.
The data used
in this project work was collected through personal interview of the vendors
within the campus on attribute quality and the market state.
Attribute
control chart (p-chart) and cause and effect diagram was employed to measure
the conformance to specifications. Further analysis to determine the market
state was based on comparism of two independent sample mean.
The result of
the analysis shows that the process is out of control i.e the analysis on
proportion defective shows that there is assignable cause of variation in the
process. Furthermore, there is significance difference between the market state
of kwarapoly purewater and other purewater products before.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
Table of
contents vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction 1
1.1 Historical
background 3
1.1.1 Kwarapoly
purewater 6
1.2 Significance
of study 7
1.3 Scope
of study 8
1.4 Limitation 8
1.5 Aims
and Objectives 8
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.0
Introduction 9
2.1 Access
to water 11
2.2 Water
quality and contaminations 13
2.3 Safety
indications 15
2.4 Chemical
and Physical properties 16
2.5 Water
Industry 19
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0
Introduction 21
3.1 Method
of data collection 21
3.2 Source
of data used 22
3.3.0 Control
chart concepts 22
3.3.1 Variable
Control Chart 25
3.3.2 Attribute
Control Chart 28
3.4 Cause
and Effect diagram 35
3.5 Comparism
Test 37
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION
AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.0 Introduction 39
4.1 Data
Presentation 39
4.2 Computation
and Analysis 46
4.3 Cause
and Effect diagram 57
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 Introduction 58
5.1 Summary 58
5.2 Conclusion 59
5.3 Recommendation 60
REFERENCES 62
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Water is
a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2O. A Water molecule
contains one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms connected y covalent bond.
Water is a liquid at temperatures above 00c (273.15k, 320F) at sea
level, but it often co-exist on Earth with its solid state, ice and gaseous
state (water vapor or steam). Water also
exists in a liquid crystal state near hydrophilic surface.
Water
covers 71% of Earth’s surface and is vital for all known form of life. On
Earth, 96.5% of the planet’s water is found in oceans, 1.7% in groundwater,
1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction
in other large water bodies and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of
solid and liquid water particles suspended in air) and precipitation. Only
2.5% of Earth’s water is fresh water and 98.8% of the water is in ice and
groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes and
atmosphere and an even smaller amount of the Earth’s fresh water (0.003%) is
contained within biological bodies and manufactured products.
Water on Earth moves continually through the
hydrological cycle of evaporation and transpiration (evapotranspiration),
condensation, precipitation and runoff usually reaching the sea. Evaporation
and transpiration contribute to the precipitation over land.
Safe drinking water is essential to humans and
other life forms even though it provide no calories or organic nutrients.
Access to safe drinking water has improved over the last decades in almost
every part of the world, but approximately one billion people still lack access
to safe water and over 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation. There is
a clear correlation between access to safe water and GDP per capital. However
some observers estimated that by 2025 more than half of the world population
will be facing water-based vulnerability. A recent report (November 2009)
suggested that by 2030, in some developing regions of the world, water demand
will exceed supply by 50%. Water plays an important role in the world economy,
as it functions as a solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances and
facilitates industrial cooling and transportation. Approximately 70% of the
freshwater used by humans goes to agriculture.
1.1
HISTORICAL BARKGROUND
The Kwara state polytechnic, Ilorin, was
established in 1972, under the edit no 4 which has now been replaced by edit no
1984 with the objective of upbringing various people for acceleration of
economy development in Kwara state and in Nigeria as a whole.
The polytechnic was established and open by the
then governor of Kwara state, col. David Bamigboye. The decision to establish
the polytechnic was announced during the launching of the four year development
plan in 1971.
The college eventually came into existence and
come on operation in January 1973 with administration machinery patterned
closely after the existing university in the country.
As it inception in 1973, the polytechnic has 110
students, one member of academic staff and three senior administrative staffs
(including registrar).
The main proposal for the establishment of the
polytechnic was to develop what is needed and not what it can lay her hand on.
1.1.1 KWARAPOLY PUREWATER
The production of purewater in the institute
started in October 2012. The need to produce the school own purewater in order
to meet the challenges and to be among the purewater producing institutes of
learning in the country and also to serve as source of revenue generation.
Hence, the need for production of purewater for timing population in the
ecosystem (community).
The WHO standard on water emphasized the need for
quality water that save life and conform to specifications.
From the
inception of kwarapoly purewater production in the institution, the
seller/vendors of other purewater product was stopped and only the institute
purewater was in circulation and a lot of complain by the consumers of the
purewater.
The question of conformance to taste and
durability of the packaging then arises. The unsatisfactory conditions of the
purewater lead people to avoid drinking it. Instead, some people prefer buying
and drinking bottle water while some that cannot afford bottle water do bring
water from their home and those that cannot afford the two options, with no
other choice take the purewater with risk.
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The research work will play a vital role in
acceptance and viewing the complaint of the customers on the satisfactory state
of the product. This will also go along in checking and improving services.
The need to have a quality purewater and the need to be one of the
leading product service in the state, since quality is about improvement.
1.3 SCOPE OF STUDY
The research work covers only the purewater
vendors in the campus and the targeted consumers in the campus only with
specific interest on Kwara state polytechnic water.
1.4
LIMITATION
The research work is faced with a lot of
challenges among which are lack of access to data at the water port,
non-response and time factors.
1.5
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
·
To examine if the purewater is in
statistical control.
·
To examine if the purewater conform
to specifications.
·
To examine cause and effect if not in
statistical control.
·
To measure the market state of the
pure water.
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