TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the study
Statement
of the problem
Purpose
of the Study
Research
Questions
Scope
of the Study
Definition
of the Key Terms
Significance
of the Study
CHAPTER
TWO
REVIEW
OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
Meaning of Marriage
Marital
Instability
Causes of Marital Instability
Religious Incompatibility
Financial Problem
Cultural Differences
Impotency on either of the spouses
Poverty and Economic Problems
Parental Influence
Lack of Trust and personal lapses
Peer group Influences
Lack of love.
No sense of direction
Growth of illiteracy
Influence of Marital Instability on Academic
Performance of Students
Forms
of Marital Instability
Appraisal of Literature Reviewed
CHAPTER
THREE
METHODOLOGY
Research Designs
Population,
Sample and Sampling techniques
Research
Instrument
Validity
of the Instrument
Reliability
of the instrument
Administration
of the instrument
Data
Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Summary
of the Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION,
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Discussion
of Results
Conclusions
Recommendations
Suggestions
for Further Studies
REFERENCE
APPENDIX I
SECTION A
SECTION B
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the study
It is a universal,
cultural idea that life should be orderly and that families, like clocks,
should run smoothly, quietly leading to continuity of life. But this do not
seem to be so in many societies, where all forms of marital instability are the
order of the day. Various forms of marital instability, which reflect
disruptive events that undermine the continuity, cohesiveness, and predictability
of family life from the child's perspective, have been shown to increase
children's vulnerability to psychological problems Ackerman, el al (1999). For
example, residential changes, parental illness, parental romantic relationship,
transitions, and changes in caregivers are specific disruptive events that have
been associated with a wide range of maladjustment among both children. Thus,
any single disruptive event, such as divorce, is part of a larger constellation
of marital instability characterized by parental marital transitions, frequent
moving, income and occupational changes, and disruptions in family routines.
Becker, (2002) Marriage is very important in humans’
life as said by the holy Prophet Muhammad that whoever that refuses to marry is
not among my people, therefore marriage is very vital purposely for our faith to
be completed.
Uka, Obidoa & Uzoechina, (2013) Parents expect his or her child later in life to engage in
marriage for procreation and continuity. Marriage is a basic institution
in every society designed by God as a social agreement between two individual to
become husband and wife. Ryan & Powelson, (2010) it is an institution that
gives legitimacy to sexual relationship and reproduction of legitimate
children. Gbenda, & Akume, (2002) Abane, (2003). Bumpass, (2009) affirm
that Marriage involves joining in matrimony two individuals of different genders
to become one flesh as husband and wife, given the need for companionship,
procreation, continuing and sustaining family ties.
Omoniyi, et al, (2014) Nevertheless, marital instability in
the present day society is of huge concern as it is associated with separation,
divorce and widowhood.
Uka, et al., (2013), stated that marriage is a legalizing of
a special relationship between a man and woman to which the society gives
approval; and it places partners under legal and social obligations to
themselves and the society. Although the concepts of marriage and family are
often used synonymously, they are not same but have distinct meanings. Sarker,
(2007) the term family is defined as any two people who are related to each
other. Onwuasoanya (2006) the family is the household and those who live in one
house and a network of persons such as the couple, their offspring and kin
intimately held together by a bond of social and kinship relationship.
Becker, 2002; Sarker, (2007; Uka et al.,
2013; Omoniyi-Oyafunke et al., (2014) The effects of the family devoid of instability
is recognized by researches locally and worldwide. This is because the family with
relative stability grows and is one where positive relationship is promoted and
sustained. As a consequence, Sarker (2007) refers to marital instability as the
interpersonal association and interaction within the marital relationship.
Moreover, Lesmin & Sarker (2008) defined marital instability as the process
whereby marriages break down through separation, desertion or divorce. Hence,
the increasing incidence of marital disharmony such as the occurrence of
divorce shows that there is marital instability in a number of families in the
Nigerian context Ezennay, (2006). Marital instability occurs as an attempt of
one individual or partner to checkmate the behaviour and anticipations of the
other Uka et al., (2013). This threatens the household stability as well as the
well-being of the children, as it often impacts on their academic adjustment
and achievement. A number of people in the contemporary society believe that
the educational system has failed, but evidently, the schooling system has not
failed but rather it is the partnership that has failed, with schools taking on
the responsibility that families, communities once assumed Castro-Martin &
Bumpass, (2009).
The family stability often
has a marked influence on the student’s motivation for learning and on her to
cope with academics. The home environment is a strong pointer to the academic
adjustment and achievement of children. This is because a number of children’s
academic potentials are now confronted with increasing difficulties as a result
of parental marital instability (Sarker, 2007). The contact between the parent,
teachers and students makes a lot of impact on the academic performance of the
students. So those who do not regularly attend lectures because of lack of
proper monitoring by the parents could experience challenges adjusting academically
Bumpass, (2009). Marriage is both Qur’anically and prophetically allowed to the
extent that the prophet said “marriage is my practice and anybody who go out of
it is not part of my people (Imam Malik vol.1).
Marriage is an
institution approved and ordained by God. Jaiyeola(2005). According to an
Islamic scholar Al-Sayid Nadir (2003), marital instability can be caused by so
many factors like financial problems, unsatisfactory sexual relationship and
cultural differences. Marital instability affected the marriage institution.
According to Broom (1990), family is a social system in which the creation of
one member affects the other. Student from home where there is instability
usually associated with anti-social behaviour and poor performance in Education.
Salam (1998) Students from unstable home often pass through a period of great
disturbance and they witness bitterness and emotional tension in their parents
which often leave them with feeling of insecurity. Nwabachi and Egbue(1993).
Instability in the marital status has much
more influences on the students’ performance than any other thinking factors as
expressed by the teachers, and the parents.
Statement
of the problem
The research work is designed in order to
point out the impact of marital instability on Islamic studies students’
academic performance in Ilorin West Local Government area, Kwara State. Various
educationists have asserted that marital relationship of parents has influence
on the students’ behaviours and academic performance. Among the adverse effects
suffered by students from unstable home include emotional disturbance,
depression and poor cognitive functioning. Many studied have carried out on
influence of marital instability on academic performance in secondary school,
this include: Uka et al, (2013) Who Wrote on Marital disharmony: Causes and Resolution strategies in Enugu, who
supported that marital instability threatens the household stability as
well as the well-being of the children, as it often impacts on their academic
adjustment and achievement. Abu & Kolawale, (2012) also wrote on family
patter and marital Education in Lagos and argue that parents who expressed more
conflict at home fail to provide a regular supervision for their children,
resulting in poorer school adjustment and academic performance. Majoribanks (2003) wrote on the role of gender
in family instability in Nigerian Journal, who confirmed that both male and
female adolescents from divorced families‟ exhibit higher rates of conduct
disorder, which affect their academic performance.
Therefore,
to the best knowledge of this researcher, no work has been carried out on effect
of marital instability on academic performance on Islamic studies students’ in
secondary school in Ilorin west Local government Kwara State. This is the gap
that this research is trying to fill.
Purpose
of the Study
The main purpose of this
study is to examine the effect of marital instability on academic performance of
Islamic studies students secondary schools in Ilorin West Local Government Kwara
State. Specifically it finds out:
·
Effect of the causes of the marital
instability on academic performance of Islamic studies students.
·
Solution to the marital instability in the
societies
·
Influence of the marital instability on
academic performance of Islamic studies students
·
Problems faced by the parents of marital
instability home and effect on academic performance of Islamic studies students.
Research
Questions
1.
What are causes of marital instability on
academic performance of Islamic studies students?
2.
What are the problems being faced by parents
of marital instability home on academic performance of Islamic studies students?
3.
What are the solutions to the marital
instability in the societies?
Scope
of the Study
The
study is limited to influence of marital instability on the students’ academic
performance in Ilorin West Local Government Area. It is also restricted to both
Islamic studies teachers and Islamic studies students. Ten secondary Schools
were randomly selected for this study. The schools are as follow:
1.
Banni Community Secondary School, Ilorin
2.
Government High School Adeta, Ilorin.
3.
Baboko Community Secondary School Ilorin.
4.
Baraka Community Secondary School Ilorin
5.
Government day Secondary School, Adewole Ilorin.
6.
Sheikh AbdulQadir College Ilorin.
7.
Government day Secondary School, Alore
Ilorin.
8.
Pakata senior Secondary School, Ilorin
9.
Government Girls’ Day Secondary School,
Jengbe Ilorin.
10.
Government Girls’ Day Secondary School,
Oke Suna, Ilorin
The
participants in the study were Islamic studies teachers and Islamic studies
students. And questionnaires were administered to the teachers and the students
of Islamic studies. Two (2) Islamic studies teachers and twenty Islamic studies
students were randomly selected from each of the selected secondary school to
make a total of one hundred and twenty correspondents.
Definition
of the Key Terms
There
is need to define some terms that will be constantly used in the study for
better understanding of the readers and the researchers to understand the
meaning in which they were used.
·
Influence: An effect of one person or thing on
another. It also can be defined as a means in which a person or thing that
affect the way a person behaves and thoughtful.
·
Marital:
The word marital is derived from "marriage". According to Oxford
advanced learner's dictionary, marriage is a legal relationship between husband
and wife. Marriage
can also be described as a long live contract which is to be mutual agreement between
man and woman to become husband and wife after fulfillment of the total
conditions of marriage which legalizes them for sexual enjoyment purposely for legal
procreation.
·
Instability:
instability in an ordinary sense means a situation where things are no longer
the same. Advanced learner's dictionary defines instability as the quality of a
situation in which things are likely to change or fail suddenly. It also defines
it as a metal condition which somebody's behavior is likely to change suddenly.
·
Marital
Instability: this can be defined as breaking down of
the matrimonial home which may be as a result of the disagreement between the
couples or the death of the husband. Posmo Brown (2004) defines marital
instability as when couples are unable to resolve conflict. The same pattern of
dispute occurs repeatedly and there are no new ways of dealing with the
problem, the tendency is that inability will creep in and such instability can
threaten the entire relationship resulting in bitter quarrel, emotional
withdrawal, lack of affection and divorce. Marital instability is a social
problem that is capable of causing everlasting sorrow on the children, the
couples and even the society at large.
·
Academic
Performance: is the extent to which a student has
achieved their short or long-term educational goals. Or the success of the
student in school endeavours.
·
Children:
children are offsprings who are not yet an adult and are still growing in home.
·
Students’
Experience: This refers to the general behaviour of the student
either to life or to the educational aspect.
Significance
of the Study
This study is very essential
because it manifests the effect of marital instability on the academic
performance of the Islamic studies student. The findings of this study will
enable people to be aware of the resultant effects of the problem on the
children so as to help them to achieve in their academic and social activities.
The result of this study will emphasize on the causes of marital instability.
The outcome of this study will benefit the parents on the consequences of
marital instability on the academic performance of their children in Islamic studies.
The findings of this study will benefit the teacher to manage and help of
single students of single parent.
Furthermore,
on educational research, the finding of this study will enable other researcher
to identify more areas that need to be addressed.
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