ABSTRACT
This study examined the
impact of the orphanage homes on children personality and development in The
Dutse Orphanage Home, The data utilized in this study were obtained from both
primary and secondary sources. While the primary data were derived from
questionnaires shared in the study area, the secondary data were obtained from
relevant textbooks, journals and other documents. The findings of the study
showed that institution has been increasing arithmetically from 23 inmates to
30 inmates in the past five years to date. Moreso, it was found out that not
all of them are orphans, some are motherless and the motherless children are
brought up by either their father or close relative due to financial issues.
Furthermore, I was able to know that major causes of children living with
orphanage is because they are motherless. The study made some useful recommendations
which include they won’t feel much of the loss from their parents. Government
and Non-Governmental Organization should increase funding for this institutions
because from face to face interactions with the staffs, it was observed that
the institution lack funding. Also, there should be proper documentation and
recording of orphanage as they are being admitted into the institution
TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE NUMBER
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of Content vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM 4
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE
STUDY 4
1.4 REASEARCH QUESTIONS 5
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY 5
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY 5
1.7 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AREA OF STUDY 6
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS 7
CHAPETR TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 8
2.1 INTRODUCTION 8
2.2 CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 8
2.3 HISTORY OF INSTITUTIONALISATION OF CHILDREN
IN ORPHANAGE HOMES 10
2.3.1
INSTITUTIONALISED ORPHANED CHILDREN 11
2.3.2 EFFECTS
OF INSTITUTIONALISING ORPHANED CHILDREN ON THEIR WELLBEING 13
2.4 IMPORTANCE OF ORPHANAGE HOME 16
2.5 OPHANAGE AND MATERNAL DEPRIVATION 17
2.5.1 THE MEANING OF MATERNAL DEPRIVATION 18.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 20
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 20
3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY 20
3.4 SAMPLE SIZE AND
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 20
3.5 INSTRUMENT OF DATA
COLLECTION 20
3.6 ADMINISTRATION OF
INSTRUMENT 20
3.7 VALIDITY OF THE
INSTRUMENT 21
3.8 METHOD OF DATA
ANALYSIS 21
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND
ANALYSIS 22
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION
AND RECOMMENDATION 31
5.1 SUMMARY 31
5.2 CONCLUSION 31
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS 32
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Children are fundamental assets and the future of a nation. The
society should offer them sufficient opportunities for their proper physical,
mental, social and moral growth as well as personality development and
education (Abro, 2012). The families are the best place for the socialization
of children; and it is the duty of the state to provide social services and
social protection, as well as ensuring the integrity of the family. Parents are
responsible for caring and supporting of their children and sometimes in the
absence of parents, grandparents or other close relatives willingly take
responsibilities for the care of their grandchildren.
An orphan child is one whose parent are no more (dead), desertion,
or unable to provide care (UNICEF, 2008). Orphans are the susceptible children,
below the age of eighteen years that faced core problems; have a great risk to
discontinue within the threats to food, accommodation, health care or to make
short their education. A huge number of orphans universally are alive with no
natural relations due to diversity of causes together with: death of parents,
separation between parents, domestic injurious treatment and disregard. The
most frequent causes of separation of children from parental care include
poverty, lack of access to basic services, abuse, neglect, disease,
disabilities, and emergencies (Bilson & Cox; 2007). It is an indignity of
all social members who are not giving attention and economic assistance towards
orphans (Meintjes and Bray, 2006). If
any child does not have such relatives who can support him, then the orphanages
are one of the ways to provide him/her shelter, health care, food, education
and accommodation. An orphanage is a resident organization which is dedicated
for the care of children whose parents are dead or else they are not able to
support their children (The Faith to Action Initiative, 2014). In other words,
an institution and placement of offspring’s whose biological guardians are dead
otherwise not capable or else reluctant to look after their children is called orphanage
(wisegeek, 2003-2015). It is a housing care service of children that is planned
to care for children from the time of their entrance awaiting their adulthood
or liberation, and which holds itself out as a satisfactory or better
alternative for the families of the children. The functions of the orphanages
have been providing a home where infants are brought up to serve as alternative
actors in welfare, development and to save the failed role of the state in
child protection.
According to the UNESCO (2009) orphaned children lose their
childhood as they become breadwinners. Accessing adequate nutrition, basic
health care, housing, clothing and education becomes horrendous. On the other
hand, some households are dissolved as parents are dead and children are sent
to relatives for care and upbringing. The world bank (2011) reported that the
impact of poverty and HIV and AIDS epidemic has exacted a ghastly toll on
children and their families. The UNICEF (2014) report has it that, during the
thirty years of the global HIV and AIDS epidemic, an estimated one hundred and
fifty-three million children have lost one or both parents for one reason or
the other. It added again that about 30 million children under the age of
fifteen are living with HIV. Thus, despite some decline in the prevalence
worldwide and increasing access to treatment, the number of children affected
or vulnerable has increased as they are more likely to be victims of abuse in
the institutions of care, in the street or in child headed households. The
economic meltdown in African countries in has had a negative impact on the
lives of orphaned children. Freidman (2000) posits that economic stressors may
lead to parental depression or harsh inconsistent parenting which are
associated with socio-emotional problems in children. Buckner (2004) purports
that children may be placed with family relatives or strangers in a group or
home where up to a dozen foster children live under a continuous supervision of
a parental figure or an institution. Maslow (1987) in Biehler and Snowman
(2000) argues that if the physiological needs are not satisfied, the child is
socially, cognitively and emotionally affected. Orphan is considered a major
risk factor for poverty in adulthood, though, among other channels, shortfalls
in human capital investments in children. Ainsworth and Filmer (2006) find
considerable diversity in the orphan/non-orphan differential across countries
and conclude that it is difficult to draw generalizations about the extent to
which orphans are disadvantaged. The orphanage home is one of the numerous
social institution that have emerged over the year to carter for some of the
social needs of orphans across the world. Motherless babies
have nowadays become common
because of the moral decadence of the society young people who cannot
cater for themselves find
themselves put in the family
way they end up find abandoning
those innocent helpless babies. The
increasing hardship because of the present economic recession has increased the incidence of burden family relationship and the consequent loss of firm control of family members.
This has tended as evidence
by the increasing number of
abandoned babies such babies have become the central focus of the orphanage
home the impact of orphanage home on child personality development that is the
behaviour pattern of social behariour on child personality development cannot
be overemphasized.
Dutse Orphanage and Children’s Home
is a Care and Protection Home founded and funded by Felix Adejumo and Funke
Felix- Adejumo to care for abandoned, abused and orphaned children. They
established the home to give less-privileged children a chance to live; fill
them with God’s love and then send them to be a blessing to their generation.
The Home was established in 2003 with three babies, presently the home care for
twenty-four children and has eleven full-time staff members.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Children are at increased risk of losing opportunities for school,
healthcare, growth, development, nutrition, and shelter. Moreover, with the
death of a parent, children experience profound loss, grief, anxiety, fear, and
hopelessness with long-term consequences such as psychosomatic disorders,
chronic depression, low self-esteem, learning disabilities and disturbed social
behaviour. This is frequently compounded by “self-stigma” children blaming
themselves for their parents’ illness and death and for the family’s
misfortune. The disturbing trend is
fuelled by international social, cultural, political and economic forces which
have in recent times over-stretched the coping capacities of familiar
communities and government. The care of orphans is not solely the
responsibility of the government or private institutions, but also of their
relatives, the communities in which they live as well as the society at large.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The study is aimed at examining the impact of orphanage home on
children personality and development with focus on Dutse Orphanage and Children
Home, with the following objectives;
1. To determine the causes of
increasing number of orphans
2. To find out the effect
orphanage home in children personality development
3. To investigate the morale
and attitude of children raised in orphanage home.
4. To proffer solutions to
lapses resulting from child development in orphanage home.
1.4 Research Questions
The research questions for this study are:
1. What are the causes of
increasing number of orphans being admitted into the orphanage home?
2. What are the morale and
attitude of children raised in orphanage home?
3. What are the effects of
orphanage home has on the children raised there?
4. How can lapses resulting
from child development in orphanage home be addressed?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The study in a number of ways will help to tackle the various
issues arising from the institution as regards integration and upbringing of
orphans. It will help create awareness about the need for the establishment of
orphanage home across the country being a medium for a responsible livelihood
for the orphans. It will also help the society in reducing indiscipline,
truancy, juvenile delinquencies and other vices among the orphans. Government
will benefit from this research work in order to know the right channel to step
in to integrate orphans in the institution for proper development as regards
their personalities. Lastly, it will serve as literature for student in the
field of study that want to carry out research as regard the topic.
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The topic covers the wide aspect of orphanage home, its
institutionalization and integration but owing to constraints as regards
financial resources and time, this research work is limited to Dutse Orphanage
and Children Home, 2014-2021. The research work is also limited in time and
finance.
1.7 Historical
Background of Area of Study
Jigawa
state was created on Tuesday 29th day of August in the year 1991 by
the then head of state general Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida administration.
Meanwhile Jigawa was formally a historical pail of the old Kano state with its
headquarters at Dutse. The state could say it predominately rural and dependent
on subsistence agriculture as well as small scale business out fits in the
neighboring state that is I3auchi, Kano, Katsina and Yobe States.
Dutse
meaning “Rock” or mountain got its name from the hilly rocks which surround the
town and cover an approximate of about five square miles. Dutse also stands on
sand dunes (singular-Jigawa plural Jigayi). The rocks and sand dunes stands
some tens of feet’s above the sea level. Because of security offered by the
rocks one finds a high concentration of people around them.
The present Dutse town “Garu” was
purposely chosen as the settlement, because of the security aspects given to
the populace. it is naturally sorrowed by stone walls giving a narrow passage
to the interior thus giving the occupants the best opportunity of checking and
dealing with invaders. Like many parts of Nigeria, tradition claim that
inhibitions of the area now known as “Dutse” Gadawur came as a result of
incident during a hunting expeditions. Dutse is one of the important town in
Hausa land with a long history, dating back to centuries before the Fulani
Jihad of Shehu Othman Danfodio. Dutse is situated between latitudes 11400 and I
I°N and longitudes 900 45E the emirate comprises of live local
government, Birnin Kudu, Kiyawa. Jahun and Dutse with a 1991 population census
of 994, 609. It Shares a common boarder with Kano, Ningi, Jama’re, Katagun,
Hadejia and Ringim emirate.
1.8
Definition of Terms
1.8.1
Orphans: Child
without parents: a child whose parents
are both dead or who has been abandoned by his or her parents, especially a
child not adopted by another family.
1.8.2
Personality: Is defined as a set
of habitual behaviour, cognitions and emotional patterns that evolve from
biological and environmental factors
1.8.3
Personality Development: It is the
process of developing and enhancing ones personality. Is a set of
characteristics and traits which contribute to the overall personality of a
person.
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