ABSTRACT
The aim of this research work is to
find out the effects of unemployment on Nigeria economy. Generally, many
researches have tried to work on this topic to see how unemployment can be
reduced if not eradicate unemployment
from Nigeria economy. In the cause of this study, questions where sent
out and interview conducted with a case study of Ifako-Ijaiye Local government.
This work is divided into chapters, each dealing with specific matter. In the
last chapter, the summary, conclusion, and recommendations were given which if
implemented would reduce or eradicate unemployment totally in the nation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Pages
Front Page i
Title page ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgment v
Table of contents vi
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study 1
1.2 Statement
of the Problem 4
1.3 Purpose
of the Study 5
1.4 Research
Questions 5
1.5 Statement
of Hypotheses 5
1.6 Significance of the Study 6
1.7 Delimitation of the Study 7
1.8 Definition of Terms 7
CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction 8
2.2 The Concept of Unemployment 8
2.3 Youth’s
Unemployment in Nigeria 9
2.4 Causes of
Youth’s Unemployment 12
2.5 Youth’s Unemployment, Crime and National
Development
in Nigeria 17
2.6 Theoretical
Framework 20
2.7 Theories of
Unemployment 25
2.8 Empirical Literature 30
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction 37
3.2
Re-Statement
of Research Questions and Hypotheses 37
3.3
Research
Design 38
3.4
Characteristics
of the Study Population 38
3.5
Data
Collection Instruments and Administration 39
3.6
Procedure
for Processing Data 40
CHAPTER
FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1 Introduction 41
4.2
Demographic
Data 41
4.3
Analysis
and Discussion of Results 44
4.4
Decision
Rule 44
4.5
Testing
of Research Hypotheses 45
CHAPTER
FIVE: SAMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Discussion
of Findings 49
5.2 Conclusion 49
5.3 Recommendation 50
REFERENCES 53
APPENDIX 59
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Unemployment is generally seen as a macro-economic problem
as well as socio-economic problem .Unemployment arises as a result of
insufficient and non-availability of jobs to correspond with the growing
population, even those who are employed sometimes live with the fear of being
unemployed due to job insecurity and retrenchment of workers. There is
employment of factors of production if they are engaged in production. The term
unemployment could be used in relation to any of the factors of production which
is idle and not being utilized properly for production. However, with reference
to labour, there is unemployment if it is not possible to find jobs for all
those who are eligible and able to work. Labour is said to be underemployed if
it is working below capacity or not fully utilized in production (R.A.I
Anyawuocha 1993)
Unemployment can either be voluntary or involuntary.
Voluntary in the sense that one chooses not to work because he or she has means
of support other than employment. Example is an idle rich man. On the other
hand, involuntary unemployment exist when persons who are eligible and willing
to work at the prevailing rate of pay are unable to find work. (Anyanwa 1995).
According to the central bank of Nigeria (2004),
unemployment rose to 30% during 2004 statistics on unemployment rate. Unemployment
has been seen as a world-wide economic problem and has been categorized as one
of the serious impediments to social progress. Apart from representing a huge
waste of a country’s manpower resources, it generates welfare loss in terms of
lower output thereby leading to lower income and wellbeing of the people
(Akinboyo, 1987, and Raheem 1993). Unemployment is a very serious issue in
Africa (Vandemortele, 1991, and Rama 1998), and particularly in Nigeria
(Oladeyi, 1994 and Umo, 1996). The need to avert the negative effect of
unemployment has made the tackling of unemployment problems to feature very
prominently in the development objectives of many developing countries.
In the study of unemployment in Africa Okonkwo (2005)
identified three (3) cause of unemployment, the educational system, the choice
of technology which can either be labour intensive or capital intensive and
inadequate attention to agriculture. The use of machines to replace work done
by labour and computerization has contributed to these social problems in the
sense that what for example forty (40) men can do manually a machine will only
need like five (5) men. Therefore, the remaining thirty five (35) are
unemployed. More so, lack of enough education and skill to have access to
credit and capital.
One particular feature of unemployment in Nigeria is that
it was more endemic in the early 1980‟s than any other period. According to
Udabah (1999:62), the major factor contributing to low standard of living in underdeveloped
countries in their relative inadequate or inefficient utilization of labour in
comparism with advanced nations. Unemployment rate is measured by the
proportion of the labour force that is unemployed divided by the total number
of the labour force. The total labour force was projected at 61,249,485 in 2007
indicating an increase of 3.9%. Total employment in 2007 stood at 52,326,923
compared with 50,886,836 in 2006. This represents an annual increase of 2.8%.
The labour force consists of the number of people ageing 18 and over who are
employed (that is, those who currently have jobs) and unemployed (those who do
not have jobs but who are actively looking for work).Individuals who do not
fall into either of these group such as retired people and discouraged workers
are not included in the calculation of the labour force.
The international labour force organization (ILO) defines
unemployment as the proportion of the labour force which was available for but
did not work for at least one hour in the week preceding the survey period.
National Bureau of statistics (N.B.S). Nigeria defines unemployment as the
proportion of the labour force that is available for work but did not work for
at least thirty nine (39) hours in the week preceding survey period.
Unemployment according to lipsey (1963:456) brings about
economic waste and cause human suffering. According to Fadayomi, 1992, Osinubi,
2006, unemployment is as a result of the inability to develop and utilize the
nations manpower resources effectively especially in the rural sector.
The socio-economic effect of unemployment includes: fall
in national output, increase in rural-urban migration, waste of human
resources, high rate of dependency ratio, poverty, depression, frustration, all
sorts of immoral acts and criminal behaviour e.g prostitution, armed robbery
e.t.c. The social effect of unemployment brings to light the need to proffer
possible solution to salvage our nation Nigeria
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Working with the data from the national bureau of
statistics, it indicates that the national unemployment rate in the first
quarter of 2007 was 14.6%, compared with 13.7% in 2006. The urban and rural
rates were 14.4% and 15.0% respectively compared with 10.2% and 14.8% in 2006.
Further analysis showed that the distribution of unemployment ranged from
14.1%vfor the age group of 25-44 to 23.5% for the age group of 65-70.
Desegregation according to geopolitical zones showed a very uneven distribution
with the south-south zone having the highest unemployment rate of 29.5% and
south-west at the rear with 8.5%. Between these extremes were the north-east
with 18.5%, south-east 18.1%, north central 15.8% and north-west 14.2%.
It is based on the increasing problem posed by
unemployment on individuals and the nation at large that government has been
embarking on various policies to control and reduce unemployment but yet has
not yielded any positive result, rather it seems to be escalating. Drastic
measures must be taken by government to curtail this problem of unemployment.
The statement of problem is based on the economic, social and political effects
of unemployment
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The economist are unanimous in their
acceptance of the fact that the phenomenon of human resources unemployment is a
problem that deserves the attention of every modern government.
In this sub section, I will give the
reasons why unemployment has effects on the Nigeria economy. Unemployment has
effects in the following ways;
i.
effects
on national outputs and general standard of living
ii.
effects
on government
iii.
Effects
of social implication
iv.
Implication
for political office holders
1.4 Research Questions
i. Does unemployment has effects on the
government of Nigeria?
ii. Is there any effect on the National
outputs and general standard of living of Nigerian citizens?
iii.
Is
there any social implications in the lives of the populace?
iv.
Does
unemployment has effect on the political office holders in Nigeria?
v.
Does
unemployment hinder the growth and development of Nigeria economy?
1.5 Statement of Hypotheses
In the above questions, the hypotheses
which will be suitably used in the course of this study include;
Hypothesis
I
Ho: Unemployment
do not have any effect on the government of Nigeria
H1: Unemployment
has effect on the government of Nigeria
Hypothesis
II
Ho: Unemployment
do not have effect in the National Output and general standard of living of the
citizen
H1: Unemployment
have effect in the National Output and general standard of living of the
citizen
Hypothesis
III
Ho: Unemployment
do not have any social implication in the life of the populace
H1: Unemployment
has social implication in the life of the populace
1.6 Significance of the Study
The benefits of this study lies on the
government and the labour of Nigeria economy.
The
Government: the
government of Nigeria will attract (Foreign direct Investors) FDI which will
establish a transparent legal framework that does not discriminate between
local and foreign investors and effective implementation of tax incentives will
be generated from the citizens which we therefore increase the per capital
incme of the nation.
The
Labour: Anyone who wants
a job, and his available for work currently has the best job of his or her
choice for which he or she is capable.
1.7 Delimitation
of the Study
During the course of this study, there
was little, more or less delimitation on the side of the questionnaire
respondent of which not all the questionnaire was returned and on the part of
the audience who were interviewed, they find it difficult to create time for
the researchers.
1.8 Definition
of Terms
Unemployment: This is the non utilization of labour resources
as a result of which the actual output of the economy is below its potential
G.N.P
Economy: this refers to the relationship
between production, trade and the supply of money in a particular country or
region.
Effects: Changes that cause results
Labour: is the human factor of production that
is taken to mean the supply of human efforts for the main sum of wages and
salaries
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