ABSTRACT
This study is an
attempt to investigate the effect of teacher-student ratio on student’s
academic performance in public school of Ojo Local Government Area. The
population of the study consists of all the teachers and students in the
fifteen (15) public school of the local government area. A sample of one
hundred (100) students and twenty (20) teachers were selected for study through
the simple random sampling technique from five Public Senior Secondary
Schools. Three research questions were
raised and three hypotheses tested. The
data were collected analysed using the Chi-square method. The overall findings
revealed that the teacher-student ratio and academic performance has inverse
relationship. From the finding, it is
recommended that efforts should be made to reduce teacher-student ratio in public
schools.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Title
Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table
of Contents vi-ix
List
of Tables ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study 1
1.2
Statement of the Problem 3
1.3
Purpose of the Study 5
1.4
Research Question 5
1.5
Research Hypothesis 6
1.6
Significance of the Study 6
1.7
Scope of the Study 7
1.8
Limitation of the Study 7
1.9
Operational Definition of Terms 7
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Population Class and Student’s Poor 9
Academic Performance
2.2 The Current Teacher-Student Ratio in Public 12
Senior Secondary School
in Ojo Local Government Area
2.3 Teacher-Student Ratio and Student 15
Academic Performance
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 20
3.2 Research Design 20
3.3 Population of the Study 20
3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique 21
3.5 Research Instrument and Instrumentation 21
3.6 Validity of Instruments 22
3.7 Reliability of Instruments 22
3.8 Method of Data Collection 23
3.9 Method of Data Analysis 23
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
OF RESULT
4.0 Introduction 24
4.1 Analysis of Section A (Bio Data) 24
4.2 Testing of Hypotheses 28
4.3 Findings 43
4.4 Discussion of Findings 43
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, IMPLICATIONS
AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary 45
5.2 Implication
for Practice 46
5.3 Implications
for Further Studies 46
5.4 Conclusion 47
References 48
Appendix 50
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Distribution
of teachers and students 24
in sampled schools
Table 2: Analysis
of respondents by Sex 25
Table 3: Analysis
of respondents by educational qualification 26
Table 4: Analysis
of respondents by working experience 27
Table 5: Analysis of respondents to questionnaire 28
items 1,2,3,4 and 5
Table 6: Summary of Chi-Square analysis of hypothesis
one 31
Table 7: Analysis of respondents to questionnaire 33
items 6,7,8,9 and 10
Table 8: Summary of Chi-Square analysis of hypothesis
two 36
Table 9: Analysis of respondents to questionnaire 38
items 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15
Table 10: Summary of Chi-Square analysis 41
of hypothesis three
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The
benefit of education to the nation’s development is indispensable. This education can either be formal or
informal education. The formal education
which is the main focus of this study takes place in the school. It involves the transition of knowledge by
the teacher to the student(s). In this
regard, the proper ratio of teacher to student cannot be overemphasized. According to the National Policy of
Education, the teacher student ratio should be one teacher to forty students
(1:40) in a classroom (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2004).
Teacher-student
ratio is the number of teachers in school with respect to the number of
students who attend the school.
It
has been observed that the average number of students per classroom in public
secondary schools is about one hundred and twenty (120). One of the causes of higher number of students
in class is the rise in student enrolment due to increase in student’s population
of the society.
Also,
the government policy of free education for all and the fact that education is
one of the millennium development goal increases the population of students in
schools without corresponding increase in education facilities. By so doing, pressure is mounted on available
space and educational facilities.
In
this 21st century, every citizen in Nigeria sees education as a tool
for social welfare. This is because that
through education, one can be recognized in a society, get profitable job and
create prestige for both recipient of education and his family.
Proper
teacher-student ratio is important to enhance effective class control,
evaluation of student with ease and qualitative education.
It
is worthy to mention that education is a deliberate and conscious act and not
just by sitting down in a classroom.
Having so many people in class would make the class congested and will
be very difficult for the teacher to pass instructions to students and to check
whether the students are following his/her teaching.
Carolyn
et al (2006) on their research result on classroom management show that most
students in secondary school do not want to learn unless they are closely monitored
by the teacher even though there are differences in degree of learning ability
of each student in the classroom.
According
et al (2001) smaller teacher student ratio has a positive effect on students’ academic
performance. Well endowed schools will
have more facilities as well improve the learning abilities of its students.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Teacher-student ratio in public
schools is affected with the difficulty of achieving qualitative education alongside
with the increase in population of students.
Increase teacher-student ratio causes congestion in classroom and gives
room for a lot of social vices.
Consequently, students are not
properly taught. This made them to
perform very badly in their examinations. Before, there are complain of high rate of
failure in senior secondary certificate examination of public schools students.
But now, most of the students engage in examinational malpractice in order to
be able to meet the minimum require five credit for tertiary institution. Also,
the teachers involve in examination malpractice in order to meet their
financial needs at the expense of their professional ethics and the image of
their school. As a result, most students are not able to defend the grades on
their certificate and do below expectation of the society from them.
It is against this background that
this study seeks to find out the effect of teacher-students ratio on the
academic performance of students in public senior secondary school.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to:
i)
Examine the relationship between
populated classes and student’s poor academic performance in public senior
secondary schools in Ojo Local Government Area.
ii)
Find out the current teacher-student
ratio in public senior secondary schools in Ojo Local Government Area.
iii)
Determine the relationship between
teacher-student ratio and students academic performance.
1.4 Research Question
i)
What is the relationship between
populated classes and student’s poor academic performance in public senior
secondary schools in Ojo Local Government Area?
ii)
What is the current teacher-student
ratio in public senior secondary schools in Ojo Local Government Area?
iii)
Is there any relationship between
teacher-student ratio and student academic performance?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
i)
There is no significant differences
between populated classes and students’ poor academic performance.
ii)
There is no significant relationship
between current teacher-student ratio and required or stipulated
teacher-student ratio.
iii)
There is no significant differences
between teacher-student ratio and student academic performance.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study will be of great
importance to help education policy makers to know the causes of high
teacher-student ratio and how to make provision for it
It will also enlighten the government on
the importance of getting adequate statistical data at regular interval of
students’ population in schools in order to provide adequate facilities for
them.
Furthermore to the student, it will
help in making learning activities easier and improve their general academic
performance.
Above all, this study will enhance
economic development of the Nigeria society.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study is limited to the effect
of teacher-student ratio on academic performance with emphasis on teachers and
students in senior secondary schools in Ojo Local Government Area, Lagos State.
1.8 Limitation of the Study
The limitation of the study are
financial limitation, access to the principals of the schools, ability to get
appropriate data from the schools.
1.9
Operational
Definition of Terms
Teacher-Student
Ratio: It is the
total number of students handled by a teacher in a classroom.
Teacher:
This is a person who passes knowledge, skill, attitude, value, etc to
learner(s)/student(s).
Student: This is a person who is being taught by the
teacher
Academic
Performance: This is the students’ achievement- score
in tests and examination they are given.
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