ABSTRACT
This study
investigated resources availability and teachers’
productivity in secondary school in Ilorin east local government area, Kwara
State.
Descriptive Survey of Correlation
type was adopted for the study. The population of this study was
made up of public and private secondary schools in the Ilorin East Local
Government Area of Kwara State. However, simple random sampling technique was
used to select nine (9) public and six (6) private secondary schools and 135
respondents.
The
instrument was a researcher’s designed questionnaire. The questionnaire was
titled: “Resources Availability and Teacher’s Productivity Questionnaire”
(RATPQ). Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions
and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistic was used to test the formulated
research hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significance.
The study revealed that; the level of the extents the teachers in secondary
school needs educational resources was high in Ilorin east local government
area Kwara State, The
impact of the resources has on teachers’ productivity in both private and
public schools was high in
Ilorin east local government area Kwara State, The
extents to which that resources provided to the teachers in public school was low and in private
school was high in
Ilorin east local government area Kwara State, Extents to which
resources made available to teacher of relevance to the instruction to be
passed on the students was high in Ilorin east local government area Kwara
State.
The results from the analysis of the both
main hypothesis operational hypotheses were tested and rejected. There was
significant relationship between resource availability and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools in
Ilorin east local government area Kwara State, There was significant relationship
human resources
availability and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools in Ilorin east
local government area Kwara State, There was significant relationship material resources availability
and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools in Ilorin east local government
area Kwara State and There was significant relationship financial resources availability
and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools in Ilorin east local government
area Kwara State.
Based on the research finding of this study
the following recommendations were made;
The government should ensure that there are enough teachers as human
resources in schools to avoid work overload and ensure their productivity, The
various stakeholders should ensure that there are adequate resources are
available in the school to create a conducive environment for teaching and
learning, The Ministry of Education should ensure that adequate money are
allocated and proper monitoring to the secondary school education in order to
enhance teachers’ productivity and There should be provision of other non-human
materials to the schools in order to facilitate the effective and efficient of
the secondary schools teachers.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
page i
Certificate
ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
v
Table
of content vi-vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study 1-5
Statement
of the Problem 5
Purpose
of the Study 6
Research
Questions 6
Research
Hypotheses 7
Scope
of Study 7
Definition
of Terms 7-10
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE
Concept
of educational resources 11-15
Resources
Allocation in Secondary Schools 15-19
Administrators
roles in resources management 19-24
Concept
of teachers’ productivity 24-25
Measures
of productivity in school 25-26
Students
of academic performance 27-29
Appraisal
literature reviewed 29-31
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHOD
Research
design 32
Population,
sample & sampling techniques 32-33
Instrumentation
33-34
Procedure
for data collection 34
Data
analysis techniques 34
CHAPTER FOUR
Presentation,
Analysis and Discussion of Findings 35-40
Discussion
of the Finding 40-42
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary,
Conclusions and Recommendations 43-44
Conclusions
of the findings 44-45
Recommendations 45
References
46-48
Appendix 49-52
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
The role of resource availability
in the attainment of educational goals and objectives in Nigerian secondary
schools cannot be overemphasized. The students’ learning outcome, which is the
measure of teachers’ productivity cannot be dissociated from the level of
resources available for carrying out the teaching learning process.
One major problem facing the
educational system in Nigeria could be summarized as being a product of
inadequacy in the availability of appropriate resources that is essential for
instructional process (Asaolu, 2010).
A synthetic report stressed the
most potent weapon for overcoming the lapses of the Nigerian educational as
“The creation of adequate physical facilities equipped w+ith all necessary
books and teaching aids for the implementation of assigned educational tasks of
appropriate levels” (Adekanye, 2011).
The reveals the virility of
educational resources as a potent force towards revitalizing the present weak
state of the educational system through improved instruction.
While placing some much emphasis on
the importance of resources to the education system, it is equally necessary to
highlight the impact it has on the instruction process in which the teacher is
the most virile instrument in the conversion of these educational inputs to
outputs of high quality and standard.
The ultimate objective of education
is to elicit certain responses from the students and how effective this is done
is determined by the teacher’s performance and productivity, which is
influenced by the resources available to them (Adedeji, 2011).
The teachers are the most prominent
human resource available to schools, therefore, it is important that the right
resources in the context of quality and quantity should be made available to
the teachers in order to enhance the process of conversion of educational input
into good quality output (Aregebsola, 2011).
The acid test for the
productivity/performance of teachers in the school system is the attainment of
set educational objectives as such, the level of teachers performance can only
be assessed as been good if the students are able to perform at least as well
as the objective requires, thus the emphasis is more on instructional result
than instrumental performance (Bebefiani, 2012).
Every Nigerian child deserves the
opportunity to develop intellectual and working capabilities in order to be of
benefit to himself and the society, this can be achieved only enough sound
education. Which aids him in the process of cognitive, intellectual development
and self actualization, but unfortunately, the system has not been very
successful in helping students discoverer and explore their potentialities.
This can be attributed to a faulty instructional process and is pointer to the
inadequacy and often times irrelevance of available resources to educational
process (Adeogun, 1919).
It must therefore be stated that
demand for education in Nigeria (with reference to Kwara State is very high in
comparison with the meagre resources available and this has an adverse impact
of the level of productivity of teachers both in publics and private secondary
schools in Ilorin East Local Government in Kwara State (Abdullahi, 2009).
The introduction for Fee education
Scheme (in Government owned/public schools) by eth present civilian regime has
been of more damage than help to the state of education in the state as
government has exhibited a gross in capability in providing the necessary
resource for secondary schools, therefore, there is need for alternative
sources of providing educational need (Nwani, 2012).
The resources needs of teachers
refer to facilities which aid them to conduct a more effective instructional
delivery and such resources include physical, materials, financial materials
and programmes.
As stated by Adekanye (2011),
students who attend school with adequate human and materials resources perform
better than those who attend school with poor resources.
Adesoya (2010) opined that schools
where teachers loathe to work are schools that are ill equipped with necessary
resources. This validates the fact that educational resources are necessary
incentives or motivators for increasing teachers’ interest in their working
this culminating in increasing productivity.
Contrary to beliefs that the
quality of a graduate is not by itself a function of cost and that quality
cannot be attainted, empirical findings
have proved that the quality and quantity of resources used in instruction by
teachers cannot be dissociated from the teachers’ eventual performance
(Adesoya, 2011).
According to the recommendations of
the Nigerian educational research commission (2008) in order to achieve good
academic quality, the following factors deserve adequate attention” The
training of the necessary cadres of teaches with adequate knowledge of what to
teach and of the methodology that is most effective, followed by periods of
practical experience internship during which their motivation and commitment
are enhanced and they are assured of good conditions of work, regular
opportunities for retaining, professional up grading and job satisfaction”.
Although inadequacy of resources is
a prevalent occurrence in both public and private secondary schools, the level
of teacher productivity is relatively high in private schools than that or
their counterparts in public secondary school (Akinpelu, 2008).
This is because resources are
relatively more available in private schools than in public schools. This can
be traced to the fact that private schools enjoy private/individual
participation in the provision of finance for acquiring necessary resources for
the system while the public schools are limited to the government as their only
sources of finances.
Therefore, the main preoccupation
of this research work is to make findings on the impacts of the availability of
resources on the productivity of teachers in Ilorin East local government of
Kwara State in comparison between public and private secondary school.
Statement of
the Problem
The major concern of this study is to
evaluate the disparity in the availability of resources to public and private
secondary schools in Ilorin East Local Government and its influence on
teachers’ productivity.
The issue of low productivity of
secondary school teachers are reflected in ineffectiveness of task performance
results form the following
·
Inadequacy of resources available to teachers
·
In appropriate allocation of the available resources in school to
teacher
·
Mismanagement of existing resources in the schools
·
Lack of sound application knowledge in the utilization of some of the
resources available to the teachers.
·
Some of the resources available to teachers do not have much relevance to
the context of instruction to be passed on to the students.
Purpose of the Study
The
purpose of this study is to examine the educational resources available to
secondary schools in terms of their allocations to teachers, adequacy and
impact on teacher productivity.
It
also aims at indentifying the resources needs of teachers in secondary schools
and the importance of their adequacy and quality in aiding teachers in
attaining the highest possible level of productivity.
Finally,
it will examine the level of significance of the available resources on the
teacher’s productivity in a comparisons between private and public secondary
schools in Ilorin East Local Government.
Research Questions
This research is aimed at obtaining
answers to the following questions:
1. To what extents do teachers in secondary
school needs educational resources?
2. What impact do these resources have on
teachers’ productivity/
3. To what extent are these resources
provided to the teachers?
4. Are the resources made available to
teacher of relevance to the instruction to be passed on the students?
Research Hypotheses
Main Hypothesis
H0: There is no significant relationship
between resource availability and teacher productivity
H01: There is no significant relationship
between human resources availability and teacher productivity
H02: There is no significant relationship
between material resources availability and teacher productivity
H03: there is no significant relationship
between financial resources availability and teacher productivity
Scope of the Study
The survey is to be carried out on some
selected public and private secondary schools in Ilorin East Local government
Area of Kwara State. It covers only nine (9) public and six (6) private schools
due to time and monetary constraints. Therefore, it might not depict and exact
picture of the situation in all secondary school in the country, with but will
serve as an in sight into educational resource as well as teachers’ productivity
with a view of making a comparison between private and public secondary
schools, in Local Government Area.
Operational Definition of Terms
The following terms will likely be used
frequency in this write up and are interpreted as follows:
Educational resources: Resources are inputs into an educational
programme,. Which includes human, physical materials, financial and programmes.
Human resources:-
There are skilled labour forces, which received education and professional
training. They make use of other resources in the school system for the
development and improvement of students. Teacher in secondary schools are
basically sees as human resources.
Physical/materials resources:-
This refers to concrete structure, fixtures, fitting and other consumable.
In this study, they refer to chair, library, classrooms. Teaching aids
textbooks etc.
Financial resources: This
is the fund available to the educational system. The main sources of funds for
educational sectors is the public sector (government), private sectors and
external agencies.
Programme: These
are organized series of producers agencies of the instruction to passed on to
the students and usually serves as the basis of training or retaining of the
teacher, curriculum, policies etc. Such training could be passes on to the
teachers through workshops seminars etc.
Material Resources: These
include the physical facilities or item such as sites building, furniture
apparatus & equipment used in the school system.
Educational system:- This
refers to the different level of educational in Nigeria. The basic levels of
education in Nigerian are primary, secondary and tertiary. This study focuses
on the secondary level of education.
Public school: These
are publicly owned schools managed and financed by the government public
schools in Ilorin East Local Government are those financed by the Government in
Kwara State.
Private Schools:-
These are school owned by individual and other non-governmental bodies. Such
schools are managed and financed by ownership and are usually fee-paying.
Teacher productivity:-
This is the level of effectiveness of the teachers impacting adequate knowledge
to students. It is an unquantifiable concept, this context the student learning
outcome serves as measures of teacher’s productivity.
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