ABSTRACT
The major objective of (EFCC) Economic Financial Crime Commission is the
issue of upsurge of corruption in Nigeria. Nigeria law enforcement agency fight
against financial crime such as Fraud (419) and money laundry the research
examined the impact of (EFCC) the pressing of resolved problem facing Nigeria
is corruption practice among the leaders.
As a case study it’s also examined the challenges of corruption as a
development institution and legal change. Political corruptions I the abuse of
entrusted power by political leaders for private gain and take user of illent
fund to the sale of appointment and abuse or state resources. Not all are
illegal, legal donation to political parties usually abuse the office such as
embezzlement.
The questionnaire, research the design used to collect data report from
the people of Ikeja how Nigeria society establish various anti-corruption
bodies to cubit corruption with a positive result through the use of (EFCC) to
achieve criticized fact that arrest persecutor.
EFCC operation is antithetical to the ideal norm and value of democracy.
EFCC in combating corruption as a necessary step to consolidate political
leader in Nigeria by the way extension. Guiding the hypothesis of the research,
the consolidation of democracy and constitution measure and process against
political corruption as an act committed by public offices goes beyond the
issue of receive and giving bribe alone. Its also law makers who receives
Ghana-must-go bags of Naira to foreign bank account significant relations
political corruption, cripple and violates which accentual the major treats to
the sustainability of political corruption has even made the issue more
complex.
A careful examination of the nature of operation and activities of the
agency reveals that EFCC instead of lawfully addressing the political
corruption in Nigeria has become a very powerful and vital weapons in the hands
of presidency and ruling party to black mal harass and intimidate political
foes in other words the anti corruption agency (EFCC) has become a patient of
the very disease it has set out to be cure by EFCC has become a treat to the
politician.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Abstract v
Table of contents
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background to the study 1
1.1 Statement of Problem 2
1.2 Research Questions 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study 4
1.4 Significance of Study 4
1.5 Scope and Limitations of Study 5
1.6 Definition of Terms 5
CHAPTER
TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL ORIENTATION
2.0 Introduction 7
2.1 Literature Review 8
2.1.1 Corruption and Corrupt Practices: An Endemic
Issue in Nigeria 8
2.1.2 Causes and Scope of Corrupt Practices in Nigeria 13
2.1.3 The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission
(EFCC) And
Corruption in Nigeria 25
2.1.4 The Fight Against Corruption In Nigeria 25
2.2 Theoretical
Orientation 27
2.2.1 Managing the Challenges of Corruption in
Nigeria 39
2.2.2 The Purpose, Powers, and Structure of the EFCC 43
2.2.3 The Structure 44
2.2.4 Activities of EFCC since Creation 45
2.2.5 Remarkable Achievements of the EFCC 47
2.2.6 The Challenges of the Economic and Financial
Crimes
Commission (EFCC) 48
2.4 Research Hypotheses 51
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 52
3.1 Population of Study 52
3.2 Sample Size and Sampling Procedures 52
3.3 Research Instrument and Method of Data Collection 52
3.4 Method of Data Analysis 53
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND
PRESENTATION
4.0 Introduction 54
4.1 Data Presentation 54
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 Introduction 65
5.1 Summary 65
5.2 Conclusion 66
5.3 Recommendations 67
References 69-70
Appendix 71-72
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
The issue of the upsurge of corruption in Nigeria undoubtedly
remains one of the most pressing and unresolved problems facing Nigeria as a
nation. The prevalence of corruption and corrupt practices in Nigeria
particularly among the leaders is absolutely deplorable and troubling, considering
its astronomical damages on Nigerian polity (Dike, 2002). The peril of
corruption could be felt from the slow movement of files in offices, police
perennial extortion points along our major and indoor roads and tollgates, slow
traffics on the highways, port congestion, queues at the passport offices and
gas stations, ghost workers syndrome and election irregularities. The chaos
caused by corruption in this country could be recognized even by a newly born
baby (Obayelu, 2007). The funds allocated for their welfare disappear into the
thin air. Thus, it is believed by many that in the society that corruption is a
bane of Nigeria.
Consequently, the issue keeps reoccurring in every
academic and informal discussion in Nigeria. Some writers on corruption argued
that corruption is endemic in all governments, and that it is not peculiar to
any continent, region, ethnic and racial group. In a statement made by Dike,
(2002) and Obuah (2004), corruption cuts across faiths, religious denominations
and political systems affecting both the young, the old, man and woman alike.
Corruption is found in democratic and dictatorial
politics; feudal, capitalist and socialist economies. Christian, Muslim, Hindu,
and Buddhist cultures are equally bedeviled by corruption. Corruption and
corrupt practices did not begin today; the history is as old as the world
history. Ancient civilizations have traces of widespread illegality and
corruption (Lotterman, 2002). Thus, corruption has been ubiquitous in complex
societies from ancient Egypt, Israel, Rome, and Greece down to the present
(Lipset and Lenz, 2000). This does not, however, mean that the magnitude of
corruption is equal in every society; some countries are more corrupt than
others.
Since corruption is not new, and since it is a global
phenomenon, it is not peculiar to Nigeria. However, corruption is pandemic in
Nigeria as well as in several other African, and Asian nations; the leaders as
well as the followers are equally corrupt. Consequently, it has defied all the
necessary medicines. It is however, against the background of this study that an
attempt is being made to investigate the public perception of the role of EFCC
in curbing corruption among political leaders in Ikeja local government area of
Lagos State.
1.1 STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM
The quest to curb corruption and corrupt practices in
order to achieve improved economic discipline in Nigeria remains a daunting
task which requires strong political will, institutional reforms, and formation
of international partnerships. Several arrest, prosecution and recovery of
public properties have been made and yet corruption goes on as if nothing has
happened. However, the policy of preventing or protecting public sector
corruption is better than the curative approach of curbing the problem posed by
corruption. Many Nigerians were of the view that the fighting corruption in
Nigeria seems to be selective while some other individuals believed that officials
of the Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) shield some criminals
from arrest while others believe that some people can perpetrate corruption
without being detected. Some political leaders of the country dodge prosecution
in order not to be tamed besides; these officials of Economic and Financial Crime
Commission (EFCC) are perceived as being unethical by many in the society making
the public lose confidence in the quest to curb corruption and corrupt
practices by EFCC (Obuah, 2004).
The political will to tackle corruption is best
demonstrated through leadership by example, enforcement of leadership of
conduct/ethics, and whenever the occasion presents itself, willingness to
prosecute and punish those leaders who are guilty of corruption and or
proactively protest and empower those who blow the whistle on corrupt insiders
and key political allies is often swept under the carpet. There were incidences
of bribery scandals among the officials of the EFCC all which constitute
problem to the success of the team.
However, it is for this seeming fact that this study
attempts to investigate the following; what is the societal perception of the
role of the EFCC in curbing corruption among our leaders? What is the rationale
behind the establishment of the anti-corruption institution (EFCC) in Nigeria?
Why the quest to curb corruption in Nigeria as a whole is problematic? How
ethical are the EFCC officials in the course of their duties? What are the
challenges facing EFCC in curbing corruption? What efforts are being put in
place by the State Government to intensify the effectiveness of the EFCC in Ikeja
area of Lagos State?
1.2 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
This study is guided by the following research
questions:
1.
Why is corruption and corrupt practices among
political leaders endemic?
2.
How efficient and effective is the EFCC in
the quest to curb corruption among the political leaders?
3.
What challenges the EFCC officials face in
curbing among political leaders in Ikeja area of Lagos State?
What role does the Lagos State government play in
assisting the EFCC in bringing the leaders to book in Ikeja local government area
and Lagos State?
1.3 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
This study aims at investigating the public perception
of the role of the EFCC in curbing corruption in Ikeja local government area of
Lagos state. To achieve this primary objective, the researcher therefore sets
the following as the specific objectives of the study, and they are:
1. To
examine why corruption and corrupt practices are endemic issues in Ikeja area
of Lagos state.
2. To
investigate how efficient and effective is the EFCC in the quest to curb
corruption and corrupt practices in Lagos State.
3. To
highlight some of the challenges of the EFCC in curbing corruption and corrupt practices in Ikeja area and Lagos State as
a whole.
4. To
assess the various State government efforts made in assisting the EFCC
officials in carrying out their official tasks/duties of combating crime in Lagos
State.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
Research and every other academic endeavours of this nature
are expected not only to provide additional facts and ideas to the existing
facts and ideas in order to further update our knowledge about the state of phenomenon
under investigation or study such as the public perception of the role of the
Economic and Financial Crime Commission in curbing corruption among political
leaders in Ikeja local government area of Lagos State, but also, providing
additional information, knowledge as well as alternative solution to the endemic
problem of corruption in Lagos State and Nigeria as a whole.
It is in this direction that this study becomes
significant as it hopes to reveal to its readers the extent of corruption and
corrupt practices among political leaders in Ikeja Local Government Area of
Lagos State and Nigeria. Also, the study shall highlight some of the several of
the State government efforts in combating corruption in Lagos State and Nigeria
as a whole.
More so, this study would bring to limelight some of
the crucial challenges in fighting corruption in Lagos State as well as in Nigeria
and the various matter arising as it
relate to corruption and corrupt practices.
In addition, this study would aid in securing the
needs of prospective researchers or students in the areas of secondary data
collection and also would serve as reference in their research activities.
1.5 SCOPE
AND LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
The scope of the study is limited to Ikeja Local
Government Area of Lagos State. The data required for this study would be
obtained from Ikeja Local Government Council Secretariat. Inference for
generalization could therefore be made from the outcome of this study beyond
Ikeja local government area and relating it to other local government area in
Lagos State.
1.6 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
CORRUPTION: This is defined as a perversion
or a change from good to bad. Specifically, corruption or corrupt behaviour
involves the violation of established rules for personal gain and profit. Its
effort is to secure wealth or power through illegal means. It is a private gain
at the public expense; or a misuse of public power for private benefits.
PUBLIC PERCEPTION: This refers to the
societal view, evaluation, discernment or opinion about an event or happening
in the society.
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRIME COMMISSION (EFCC):
This is a commission or agency established in 2002 and mandated to combat all
economic and financial crimes in Nigeria.
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