ABSTRACT
This research
work focused on the phonological interference in television newscast in
Nigeria. Phonological interference as one of the problems encountered by
television newscasters in Nigeria, more especially some Yoruba and Hausa
newscasters in NTA since it is our area concentration the work has been treated
using six major interference phenomena. This project has helped to identify
some of the challenges facing the newscasters in the media houses on the
phonological level. This research work also provided solution in remedying the
problems. The consequences of the above problem is the newscasters could no
longer express their competence with other newscasters who speaks much better
in other media houses.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL
PAGE ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv
TABLE OF CONTENT v
ABSTRACT vii
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.1 Background
of the study 1
1.2 The research
problem 2
1.3 Research
question 3
1.4
Research purpose 3
1.5 Scope
of the study 3
1.6 Justification 4
1.7 Definition
of some terms 5
1.8 Second
language (target language) 5
1.9 News 5
1.10 Phonology 6
CHAPTER TWO: literature Review and
Theoretical Framework 7
2.1 Bilingualism/multilingualism 7
2.2 The status
of English in Nigeria 8
2.3 Language acquisition 10
2.3.1
Second
language acquisition 13
2.4 Mother
tongue interference 14
2.4.1
Phonological
interference 15
2.5 The position
of the media in our society 17
CHAPTER THREE: Methodology 19
3.1 Methodology 20
3.2 Data description 20
3.3 Under-differentiation 21
3.4 Substitution 23
3.5 Hyper
correction 31
3.6 Epenthesis 32
4.1 Data presentation
analysis 35
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 37
5.1 Summary 37
5.2 Conclusion 38
5.3 Recommendations 38
References 40
If
the question “what is language? Is asked, it has many senses and can be
variously defined. It can be language of a particular field like science,
humanity just to mention few. It can also be the animal language, sign language
and many other types of languages.
Humanity
language especially spoken dominates them all. Human language is natural.
According to Adeboye Chis experiences and thoughts”
In
Adeboyo’s words above, human language is one out of many by which a person’s
experiences and thought can be organized. This supports the many senses that
language has. And also, without language, (spoken) thoughts will never be born
and experiences of life will be wasted because no one will be able to learn
from them. Communication is the major bridge that links the whole world.
Communication
is a crucial factor in the society at large and there is pieces of evidence
that prove this. The global village and the internet prove this among others.
Language
whether written, spoken, sign or through any means is a tools for communication
and English language, out of many languages of the world has emerged the most
used language all over the world.
The
global village use this language (English) and it stands to be the language of
the net.
English
language accords respect and pride to its speakers but some have been left with
the effective use of this language especially in the countries where the
language (English) is not the mother
tongue or the first language one comes in contact with, for instance in
countries like Nigeria, Ghana and many
others.
The
language teachers, the broadcasters and few others have been left with the duty
of speaking the correct version of English language in Nigeria.
And
if this proof is true, these categories of people should speak error free
English. However, it is unfortunate that some of our broadcasters still goof on
air and this distorts communication. In the light of the above, this research
is out to work on the use of language in English newscast under the little
“mother tongue interference in English newscast in Nigeria”: A case of recorded NTA
News.
This work knows that some issues that
have become problems in our media houses have been handled by some scholars.
For instance, Medubi (2007) and Okoye (2007). Both of them dwelt more on the
problem confronting the press in Nigeria but not directly as this
work will handle it. No one has really worked on how mother tongue interference
distorts communication in our media house in Nigeria. This will look into this
problem and will try to proffer solutions.
In
handling the research problem above, this research will focus its attention on
this question: How much does mother tongue interference distorts communications
in our media houses in Nigeria?
The
purpose of this research is to achieve some set goals.
Firstly,
this research is to further enlighten the media on the importance of Standard
English.
Secondly,
this research is to also help the second language teachers. Since they are the
foundation layer of all learners and when a foundation learner is solid,
anything built on it will stand erect.
Lastly,
this research will be useful for the media and the second speakers of the
English language on how to produce sounds of English that will be free from
mother tongue interference.
This
work will focus on mother tongue interference in English newscast” Different
authors have dealt with this topic from different perspectives.
Hoffmann
(1991) identified four major types of mother tongues interference in English.
a) Interference at the phonological level
b) Interference at the grammatical level.
c) Interference at the lexical level
d) Interference in spelling
Alabi (2007) also identified three types of mother
tongue interference in English which are:
Phonological interference, lexical interference and
grammatical interference.
This research will concentrate on the
phonological level of mother tongue interference because it deals mainly with
speech (Day to day conversation).
This
research topic “phonological interference in television Newscast in Nigeria” is
important because the problem is obvious in almost all the media house in Nigeria.
Some
authors have outlined the problems confronting our media in Nigeria but few
have given us solutions.
An author like Okoye (2007) outlined the
problem of the press in Nigeria
but did not give solutions to such problems. And this research is set to look
into the problems and proffer solutions
to them with top priority given to the phonological aspect.
Mother Tongue/First Language (LI)
Mother
tongue also called the first language with in hi/her environment. Mother tongue
is slightly different from the first language. Mother tongue is the language of
the parents especially the father while the first language is the language of
the environment.
The
child’s mother tongue can be his/her first language and it may not also be. For
instance, an Igbo child grows up in Kano
State where the language
in such environment is “Hausa” the Igbo child will conveniently speak, “Hausa”
because of his/her environment.
A
second language (L2) is that which exists side by side with the indigenous
languages in a bilingual or multilingual situation. It is usually an official
language and as such enjoys a high status within the nation. A second language
can be the fourth or the third language to be acquired but as long as someone
has a language before learning another, it will be referred to as the second
language or the target language.
Danuta
(1998, :4) says
News
is a late middle word that means “tidings” New information of recent events.
Even if we accept this definition as a useful description of what newspaper
delivers. A more useful definition might be information about recent events
that are of interest to sufficiently large groups, or that may affect the lives
of a sufficiently large group.
Akmajian
(2001, :109) etal says “Phonology is the sub-field of linguistics that studies
the structure and systematic patterning of sound of human language”.
In his
word, phonology is used in two ways. The first one describes the sounds of a
language and the rules governing the use of those sounds. While the second
refers to the part of the general theory of human language that is concerned
with the universal properties of natural language sound system.
Conclusion
Since
language and man are not the same and they cannot be separated, problems will
always arise from the two angles. Solution must also be provided to such
problems in order to have effective communication in the society.
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