TABLE OF CONTENT
Title
page
Approval
page i
Certification
ii
Dedication
iii
Abstract iv
Table
of content v
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
Introduction 1
1.2
Statement of
problem
1.3
Purpose of the
Study
1.4
Significant of
Study
1.5
Research
question
1.6
Limitation of
Study
1.7
Definition of
terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.1
Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
3.1
Research method
3.2
Research design
3.3
Research sample
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
Presentation of
data
4.2
Finding and
discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1
Summary
5.2
Recommendation
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The concept of news, journalism and freedom of press
have for many years now been a major sources of disagreement between developing
countries eg. African and developed nations of the world. Developing countries
often feel ill served by the western news media claiming that foreign writers
distrust the story about African growth and development or at times failed to
report it at all.
The developing
nation at other hand often see the developing
nation as hindering the report of news. Members often from the news media in
industrialized nations say a free press as it existed in the United States of
America (U.S.A) and Great Britain
is virtually unknown in Africa and other part
of the developing countries. They argue that information and communication has
a vital note to play in the development of any nation.
In
about mid 70s, there was a cry over the poor coverage of event in the
industrialized world by the African press while the African press has said the
same thing about the industrialized world. As a result of this problem, the
maintenance of an open flow of information across national boundaries lies
assists to create and maintain a source of nations hood, it also perform
development task such as improving educational, health care delivery, science
and technology, political stability and offers inter-cultural information. It
also help information public opinion as well as acts as a form of entertainment.
It also acts as watch dog on government in a country where such is permitted.
The
developed countries have been accusing the third world. They claim that the
third world countries used their media primarily for economic and social
development and to promote the government inn power. These arguments have had
poor coverage of foreign event by many newspapers.
They
argue further that news about developed countries are often published
negatively and started to suit the ideology of the third world news agencies.
The nature of news is always changing as a result of national interest and
standards are always changing and because of this, the structure of news for
the developing nation’s especially African countries must be redefined to
reflect the effort being made by different government in Africa
to transform their societies.
The
Western definition of news on the other hand emphasizes on events that is out
of the ordinary, exceptional, existing, sensational of “man-biting the day”
varieties. This concept of news has influenced Western consensus.
Sequel
to this 1997 meeting was a new international commission on communication
problem was set up. The commission was headed by Seen Macbridge, former risk
foreign Minister. The commission submitted its reports in 1990.
However,
apart form the commission’s recommendation, the committee was surprise after
analyzing the content of the third world newspaper to team that the developed
countries newspaper radio and television ahs the same bias reportage of foreign
events. The developed nation argues that the bulk of information said to
developing nations were saluted to suit the power that be.
In
addition to that, the commission pointed out that there is a tendency for
journalists in developing countries to write in a manner in which facts are
distorted to perpetuate pejorative attitude and also to use terms that is
dividing and insulting.
The
study therefore analyze the coverage of foreign news by Daily Champion and
vanguard newspaper to see whether the two dailies has the same reportorial bias
as was discovered by the international commission on communication problem.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In the cause of this project work, certain reporters
in what they gather and write as news about Africa
are obscene. To them news are made in the third world countries only when there
are scandals, coup d’etat, civil war and insurgence etc.
The developing nations are still batting to
challenge this western definition of news of stretching the definitions to
include and emphasize constructive news, embracing stories on social change,
economic development, social, cultural, agricultural, technology and industrial
progress, news that highlighted the culture and of people’s life and promotes
trade and commerce.
The developing countries have also complained about
the imbalance in order of global news flow which ensures that eighty percent of
the world news comes from the industrialized counties with only about ten to
twenty percent concerned about the third world.
One of the situation of this dissatisfaction which
the situation was in the advocating for a new world information and
communication order (NWICO) an order with a broader base include necessary for
the preservation of world peace.
In 1976 at the United Nations Education Scientific
and cultural Organization (UNESCO) general conference in Nairob, Kenya,
the issue of new world information and communication order was first raised. In
1998, UNESCO accorded what amounted to defaults recognition to the issue by
granting it a compromised factor has contributed seriously to the impediment of
this research work. It was a great puzzle movement to assemble these dairies
and on the other hand, the interview of the personnel’s of these newspaper
companies.
In consonances with that, there has been a great
battle between developed countries and the developing countries on the issue of
news imbalanced. The right coverage of such news will help mould public opinion
concerning any of the nations. The developing countries hinder the free flow of
information into such countries.
It is against this background that this study
analyzed the coverage of foreign news in daily champion and vanguard
Newspapers.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The principal aim of this research work
is to find out the extent to which Daily Champion and Vanguard Newspapers
reports foreign news. The specific purpose of this study is to
1.
To find out if
the political ideology of Nigerian affects its press reportage of foreign news.
2.
To evaluate
between Daily Champion and Vanguard newspaper rate of foreign news coverage.
3.
To know the type
of news about foreign counties that is reported by Daily Champion and Vanguard
newspaper.
4.
To critically
examine the extent at which the Nigerian press show interest in the countries.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The most topical and
persistent issue in international communication and politics today is the issue
of global news flow controversy. This is essentially a demand to the necessity
for a drastic change in the present pattern of information flow between and among
nations of the world.
Experts
argue that the research for solution will be in high emphases because of the
influence of mass communication in international politics and peace. This
project will help correct the negative view held by he public concerning the
coverage of foreign news by Nigerian newspapers.
Finally,
this work will indicate the shortcoming of Nigerian newspaper in the coverage
of foreign events.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
1. To what extent does Nigerian press show
interest in the development of foreign news?
2. Does
government policy affect the foreign news coverage?
3. Does the press cover more negative news about
foreign countries than development news?
1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY
This project is limited only to the
Daily Champion and vanguard newspaper. These dailies has been picked at random
for easy content analysis of he newspaper pages at the cause of this research,
a lot of problems were encountered. These problems include lack of adequate
textbook in the library needed for this study. As a result of that, the
researcher was unable to visit major towns and cities where there are better equipped
libraries. Time was another constraining factors, the research was carried out
in a short period of four months.
This study will embrace
the historical back ground of new world information and communication order
(NWICO) discuss its short comings, travails and importance
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The
concept of this study are:
1) Nigerian
press
2) Negative
news
3) Development
news
4) News
imbalance
NIGERIAN PRESS
Periodicals, mostly newspapers that are published
and owned within Nigerian.
NEGATIVE NEWS
News about drought, famine, political instability,
loop, war and poverty.
DEVELOPMENT NEWS
News that covers basic economic development
political stability, improvement in the technology improvement in the
technological innovation, improved infrastructures.
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