ABSTRACT
The
research examined the level of newspaper coverage on drug abuse (A study of
three selected newspaper). However, mass media especially newspaper have the
power to influence the feelings and attitude of people while it also help in
solving social problems which drug/substances abuse is one. Also this research
work evaluates the importance of newspaper coverage against the use of drugs or
drugs abuse among the citizens. Advertising messages and commercials in
newspaper can persuade and convince people to buy a wide range of products and
services by influence behaviour. A survey research method was adopted to select
the respondents and One hundred and twenty (52) copies of questionnaire were
administered to the selected respondents. The findings shows that Majority of
the citizens were aware of what drug abuse is all about through mass media and
friends. Almost all the respondents have one way or the other abuse drug or
substance and the abuse it usually frequent that is why the degree of drug
abuse in our society is very high. The selected newspaper and other mass media
educate and enlighten people on the dangers in drug abuse. It is recommended
that National and International Health Organisations should banned media
advertisement and publicity of substances and drug promotion like tobacco
cigarette, alcohol and other harmful drinks. While mass media should design
specially campaign to create awareness on the negative effects of drug abuse.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the research
1.2 Statement of research
problem
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Research question
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Limitation of the study
1.8 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Review of concept
2.2 Review of related work
2.3 Empirical studies
2.4 Theoretical framework
2.5 Summary of the review
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research method
3.2 Fact finding method
3.2 Sources of Data
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sample and Sampling
3.5 Research Instrument
3.6 Reliability and Validity of
Instrument
3.7 Method of Investigation
3.8 Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation and analysis
4.1 Data presentation and Analysis
4.2 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Drug abuse has since been
recognized as global problem that bother every country in the world today.
Different nations across the world including Nigerians abuse the use of drugs
and large percentage of these users are our youth in various institution of
learning. A drug has been define as any substances that when aborted into a
living organism may modify one or more of its physiological functions (Croen,
Woener, Harm and Reic hgott 1997). The term is generally used in reference to a
substance taken for therapeutic purpose and as abused substances (Kwamanga,
Hiombo and Amukoye, 2003).
United states of America (USA) study further revealed that excessive
illicit drug use rate among high school students and young adults increase with
age with a prevalence rate 19.60/0 between the age of 18-20 years as indicated
in Kwananga, etal (2003). A quotation from the (substance Abuse and mental
Health service Administration (SAMHSA) 1997 in the USA.
According to the United Nation Officer on Drugs and Crime
(UNODC-Wito,2005 world Drug Report, 2005), some 200million people or 50/0 of
the total world’s population age between 1.5 and 64 years have used drugs.
The report further says that no nation has been immune to the
devastating effects of the drug abuse. The officer of the national agency for
the campaign against drug abuse (NACACA, 2004B) commissioned the first ever
national baseline survey on the abuse of alcohol and other drugs in Kenya in
2001. The study targeted Kenyan youth aged between 10-24 years. The report
which was released in 2002 revealed that substances abuse, both illicit and
licit was forming a culture amongst Kenyan youth. Drug abuse among the youth
especially in secondary schools has endangered their lives and this has caused
a lot concern as the vice indeed has been identified as major causes of
problems experienced in secondary schools in Kenyan (Gikonyo, 2005). The United
Nations international drug control programme (world drug report 2000) ranked
Kenya among the four African nations notorious for either consumption or
manufacture of narcotics in the world.
In Nigerian studies have consistently shown that there is considerable
prevalence of drugs and substances use, with varying prevalence rate found for
both overall and specific drugs and substances abuse (Abdulkarim, Mokuolu and Adeniyi, 2005). According to Adelekan, Makanjuola,
Nelom, fayeye and Amusan (2005) student
may start using illegal drugs because the drugs are available from their
schools. School related factors can also influence students to drug use (Ngesu
etal, 2008) how the school administration manages student affairs may led to
drug abuse. Prevalence of drug use and abuse are therefore major public health
problem in the young adults, especially among the secondary school students.
Previous studies show that more than a fifth (22.7%) of primary school
children takes alcohol, and also a figure that rises to more than three-quates
(68%) of students at the university or other tertiary learning institution in
Kenya take alcohol (siririgi and waihenaya 2001);ngesu etal (2008) Otieno and
Offulla (2009). Therefore, a large number of students across all age groups
have been exposed to alcohol, tobacco, miraa, glues sniffing, marijuana and
even hard drugs such as heroin and cocaine.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH
Most media campaigns
focused on college, students drinking which have been campus based, using a mix
of posters, flyers, electronic mail messages and college newspaper
advertisements. More recently, a few regional, state and national media
campaigns have begun to address this issue as well.
Therefore, this study is
out to make a study on three selected newspaper on their coverage against drug
abuse.
THE VIOCE NEWSPAPER
The Benue printing and publishing corporation publisher of the voice and
Sunday voice newspaper emerged from the defined Benue –plateau printing and
publishing corporation and the government printing department.
The Benue state executive council had its conclusion dabet march 3,1977
approved the establishment of the corporation, the establishment was made by
the amendment of the Benue plateau printing and publishing corporation edict no
6 of 1972 to the Benue state edict no 1 of 1976.
The responsibility of corporation was to operate news and feature
service to encourage good administration, effective promotion and commitment to
the interest of Benue people to defend the state its government and its
indigenes scurrilous attack from any quarter.
To give publicity to and encourage the art and industries of the state
to serve as a forum for a meeting of the mind and exchange of ideas between government
and the people, finally to uphold the secularity of the entire nation, the
industry engages in the publication of Sunday voice, weekend express, and voice
sport apart from the daily edition of the voice and commercial jobs being carry
out, the page of now the voice was increased from eight to sixteen and column
from four-six while the Sunday voice weekend express and voice sport all
published weekly maintain the same pages and column respectively.
At the time of the research the industry publishes only the voice and Sunday voice edition, other are
off the newsstand plans were put in place
as early as AUGUST 1,1985 to change the status of the corporation to
thus of a limited liability company, in 1992 the REV Fr MOSES ADASU
administration actualized this dream, however the company never assumed that
status and march 14, 1992the company was closed down because the operation of
the company was at a loss, staff were retrenched in the process while other were on compulsory
leave and yet other willingly resigned their appointment ironically, the
edition of the voice newspaper was of the newsstand in march 1995 and reappeared
in December, 1996 the daily edition is
now published on Wednesday and Friday –weekly while the Sunday voice is
published on Sunday the voice have super lithographic until, modern computer
section an equipped art studies web and modern printing machine with colour
facilities it has also edition and department , which serve as nerve center of
the industry or organization other include administration commercial, technical
and financial .
Staff strength of the organization is not static at contain period ,they
had on heir pay roll 120 staff at other 100.
THE PAVILION NEWSPAPER.
The pavilion newspaper is a privately owned newspaper industry it made
its debit in February 1997 having two directors and nine staff with a
staff of strength of nine the aimed and
objectives of the company is to promote developmental, marketing and production
.
The pavilion newspaper is published forth nighty in 16 pages and serve
column respectively with about 1,00 copies forth nighty, Benue, Taraba, and
Nasarawa states are the intended target audience of the young newspaper
distribution of the newspaper is done through commercial vehicles it has three
freelances and no outsider on its edition board.
The company is currently carrying its printing jobs which include
commercial jobs on contract basis to private printer this is to say that the
company is yet to acquire its own printing machine it has.
THE TIGONS NEWSPAPER
The Tigons newspaper was conceived and established in 1994 with its
first edition on the newsstand on the 25th November 1996, the aim of the
newspaper are to publish textbook, poster handbill, post card, gathering and dissemination of news
particularly on people of middle best of Nigeria
The newspaper is funded through the solar of product loans and personal
saving they are 16 staff all in editorial with each performing assigned
function there are three major department including administration, marketing
and editorial
As a private newspaper industry, the autonomous power is conferred and
enjoyed by the management, they Tigons newspaper is published forth nighty with
its first edition in 2 pages in magazine
size and subsequent copies on broad sheet size which is in four pages and two
column a total of about 1,00 copies are published forth nighty and are sold in
Benue Taraba and Nasarawa state including Abuja no outside on its editorial
board and freelance come and go on vehicles the company has no vehicle to
circulate and distribute its publication similarly production is connected out
to private print in the town.
1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
The continuous abuse of
drugs lead the researcher to embark on this study, so as to evaluate the extent
at which the newspaper media is going about the incidence of drug abuse in the
country, their coverage concerning drug abuse and drug addiction. The effects
of drug abuse is detrimental not only to the individual but to the society as a
whole. Yet this problem is on the increase especially among those in higher
institution of learning. Which is a serious threat to our national
sanctity. How well can print media as a
vehicle for information dissemination be relied upon to perform its role in the
society, to join hand in the battle against drug abuse?
Drug abuse menace has strangle youthful population reducing them to
dummies zombies and drooling figure as well as wasting their lives at the age
which they are most needed in the society (Ngesu, Ndiku and Masese dangers
2008) Despite the worldwide concern and education about the of drug abuse most
of the citizen have limited knowledge of how dangerous the habit is (Ngesu etal
2008).
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The focal objective of this research work is to examine and evaluate the
coverage of the newspaper against drug abuse and analysis its impact it has
create.
1. To examine whether
newspapers educate and enlighten the general public on drug abuse?
2. To know if newspapers
awareness campaign on drug abuse have reduced the unlawful use of drug in our
society?
3. To know the extent at
which the media – newspaper have gone to, in educating and their coverage on
drug abuse?
4. To know if newspapers
contribute to drug abuse through advertisement and alcohol promo or not
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study has important
contribution to make in the education of drug abuse among our youths and
society in general.
The government and other
agencies of education will find this study useful in directing their efforts
towards the identified factors with the view of controlling drug abuse among
the people of our nation. It will help schools; guidance counselors to identify
cases of drug abuse, the associated problem and treatment to be applied.
Government through the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) will
benefit from the study to know the harmful effect of media drama showing lots
of drinking and alcoholic programme, advert and marking on print media to the
society.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
The researcher formed some research question which the research work
will answer and address in the course of this study.
1. Do the newspaper
educate and enlighten the general public on drug abuse?
2. Has mass media
awareness campaign on drug abuse reduced the unlawful use of drug in society?
3. Does newspaper promote
drug abuse through advertisement and alcohol promo?
4. Does newspaper educate
and enlighten the general public on the bad effects of drug abuse?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Because of time,
geographical locations, fund and other necessary logistics, the study is
narrowed down to Benue State and the three selected newspaper as its case study
since it is very difficult if not impossible to study all the newspaper
production company in the state and across the state.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Wide research of this nature
cannot be carried out without some constraints, this constraints pose a lot of
limitations to this work.
• Duration for the research
work is relatively short.
• Stress emanated from other
academic activities is also another constraints.
• Little materials are also
available because the work is relatively new.
• Financial constrain poses
another challenges.
• Most information is
gathered through newspapers and internet.
1.8 Definition of terms
Role: It is a function or
contribution of print media in curbing abuse of drug in society.
Newspaper: It a periodical
publication for dissemination of information against drug abuse.
Drug: It refers to
different forms of tables in liquid and capsules or substances like cocaine,
india-hemp e.t.c use for treatment of illness and related body problems.
Drug Abuse: Is means when people
use drugs or substances either liquid, tablet, injection or inhale it in amount
or with methods neither approved or nor supervise by medical professionals e.
t. c
Codeine- An alkaloid of opium.
It has mild analgesic properties, and is often combine with aspirin. Valuable
as cough sedative (linctus codcine) in dry and useless cough.
Alkaloid- Resembling an alkali.
A name often applied to a large group of organic basses found in plants and
which posses important physiological actions. Morphine, quinine, caffeine,
atropine and strychnine are well known examples of alkaloids.
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