TABLE
CONTENT
Title
page i
Certification ii
Declaration iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Table
of content vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Definition 5
1.2 Historical background in Nigeria 6
1.3 Geographical location of lafiagi town 11
1.4 Motivation 12
1.5 Justification 12
1.6 Aims and objectives of study 13
1.7 Scope of the project 13
1.8 Research methodology 15
1.9 Conclusion 15
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 review of literature 17
2.1
Case studies 21
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
Brief history of lafiagi town
26
3.1
Physical features in lafiagi 28
3.2
Site selection 29
3.3
Site location and description 30
3.4
Site analysis/inventory 31
3.5
Geographical location 32
3.6
Climatic condition 33
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Design criteria 39
4.1
Brief analysis 39
4.2
Space allocation 44
4.3
Functional relationship 45
4.4
Conceptual development 46
4.5
The site 46
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
Aesthetic appraisal of the design 48
5.1
Construction 49
5.2
Site clearance 49
5.3
Materials 50
5.4
Services 56
5.5
General maintenance 61
5.6
Summary and conclusion 62
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Prison is a place used for confinement
of convicted criminals. Aside from the death penalty a sentence to prison is
the harvest punishment imposed on criminals.
Prisons are designed to house people who have
broken the law and to move them from free society. In mates are locked away for
a set period of time and have very limited freedom during their incarceration.
Confinement in prison, also known as a
correctional facility, is the punishment that courts most commonly impose for
serious crimes, such as felonies for lesser crimes, courts usually Impose
short-term incarceration in a jail, detention center, or similar facility.
Confining criminals for long period of
time as the primary form of punishment is a relatively new concept. Throughout
history, various countries have imprisoned criminal offenders, but imprisonment
was usually reserved for pre detention or punishment of petty criminals with a
short term of confinement.
Using long-term imprisonment as the
primary punishment for convicted criminals began in the United States. In the
late eighteenth century, the nonviolent quarters in Pennsylvania proposed long
term confinement as an alternative to capital punishment. The Quakers stressed
solitude, silence, rehabilitation, hard work, and religious faith. was
originally intended not only as a punishment but an opportunity for renewal
through religion.
Modern prisons often hold hundreds or
thousands of inmates, and must have facilities onsite to meet most of their
needs, including dietary.
TYPES OF PRISONS
1. Juvenile
prison
2. Minimum,
medium and high security prison
3. psychiatric
prison
4. military
prison
THE CASE TYPES AND OFFENCES IN
RESPECT TO PRISON TYPES.
1.
JUVENILE
PRISON: an individual under the age of 18 is considered a
juvenile. Any one who is not of a legal age is never locked up in a general
prison with adults. They are instead placed in a facility that is designed
exclusively for juveniles.
2.
MINIMUM
SECURITY PRISON: minimum security prisons are usually
reserved for white collar criminals who have committed acts such as
embezzlement or fraud. Although these are serious crimes, they are non-violent
in nature and therefore the perpetrators are not considered to be a risk for
violence. These perpetrators are sent to facilitate that offer a dormitory type
living environment, fewer guards and personal freedom.
3.
MEDIUM
SECURITY PRISON: medium security prisons are the standard
facilities used to house most criminals guards and a much more regimented daily
routine than minimum security.
4.
HIGH
SECURITY PRISON: high security prisons are reserved for
the most violent and dangerous offenders. These prisons include far more guards
both minimum and medium securities have very little freedom. Each person
confined to such a prison is considered to be a high-risk individual.
5.
PSYCHIATRIC
PRISON: law-breakers who are deemed to be mentally unfit are
sent to psychiatric prisons that are designed with resemblances to hospitals.
Once there, the inmates, or patients receive psychiatric help for their mental
disorders. As with any prison that pursues methods of rehabilitation,
psychiatric prisons are intended to try and help people as opposed to just
confining them as a means of punishment.
6.
MILITARY
PRISON: every branch of military has their own prison
facilities that are used specifically for military personnel who have broken
laws that affect national security, or to house prisoners of war. The treatment
of these prisoners has been a subject of much debate in recent times, and the
definition of torture for enemy combatants has becomes a controversial and
often discussed topic.
CAPACITY OF SOME NIGERIAN PRISONS
1.
Maiduguri 1600
2.
Yola 500
3.
Gombe 379
4.
kaduna convict prison 889
5.
Kano central prison 690
6.
Katsina central prison 237
7.
Benin 240
8.
Sokoto central prison 576
9.
Zamfara medium security 406
10.
Makurdi 1149
11.
Keffi 160
12.
Ilorin 121
13.
Kuje 560
14.
Minna 149
15.
Okene 160
16.
Borstal prison Kaduna 208
17.
Jalingo 250
1.1 PROJECT DEFINITION
ü A
prison is a facility in which inmates are forcibly confined and denied a
variety of freedoms as a form of punishment.
ü Medium
security prison: is refers to that class of inmates who are eligible for
placement at a work camp with a secure perimeter but who are not eligible for
placement in an outside work assignment without armed supervision.
Medium security prisons are for offenders
with lower security concerns. These institutions limit inmate activities but
also encourage inmates to participate in various programs to address their
needs. Significant controls over inmate activities and privileges are in place.
The most common use of prisons is as part of a criminal justice system, in
which individuals officially charged with or convicted of crimes are confined
to a jail or prison until they either brought to trial to determine their guilt
or complete the period of incarceration they trial, outside of their use for
punishing civil crimes, authoritarian regimes also frequently use prisons and
jails as tools of political repression to punish political crimes, often
without trial or other legal due process; this use is illegal under most forms
of international law governing fair administration of justice. In times of war
or conflict, prisoners of war may also be detained in military prisons or
prisoner of war camps, and large groups of civilians might be imprisoned in
internment camps.
The medium security prisons are the
standard facilities used to house most criminals. They feature cage-style
housing, armed guards, and a much more regimented daily routine than minimum
security.
1. 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NIGERIA
PRISON
The origin of modern prisons service
in Nigeria is 1861. That was the year when conceptually, western- type prison
was established in Nigeria. The declaration of Lagos as a colony in 1861 marked
the beginning of the institution of formal machinery of governance. At this
stage the preoccupation of the colonial government was to preoccupation of the
colonial government was to protect legitimate trade, guarantee the profit of
British merchants as well as guarantee the activities of the missionaries. To
this end by 1861 the acting governor of the Lagos colony and who was then a
prominent British merchant in Lagos, formed a police force of about 25
constables. This was followed in 1863 by the establishment in Lagos of four
courts, a police court to resolve petty disputes, a criminal court to try the
more serious cases, a slave court to try cases arising from the efforts to
abolish the trade in slaves and a commercial court to resolve disputes among
merchants and traders. The functioning of these courts and the police in that
colonial setting necessarily means that prisons was needed to complete the
system. And it was not long in coming for in 1872. The Broad street prison was
established with an initial inmate capacity of 300. In the Niger Delta the
relationship between the local people and the British merchants had before than
bee moderated by special courts of merchants backed by the British Navy
especially with the appointment of John Beecroft as a consul in 1849. The need
for a merchant court was underscored by the fact that most conflicts between
the merchants and the local people were in the main commercial. Although there
was evidence of prison in Bonny at this time, not much is known about its size
and content. But these who were later to oppose British rule were usually
reported as happened in the case of Jaja of Opobo and King Dappa of Bonny.
However, the progressive incursion of
the British into the hinterland and the establishment of British protectorate
towards the end of the 19th century necessitated the establishment
of prison as the last link in the criminal justice system. Thus by 1910, there
already were prisons in Degema, Calabar, Onisha, Benin, Ibadan, sapele, Jebba
and Lokoja. The declaration of protectorates over the East, west and North by
1906 effectively brought the entire Nigeria area under British rule. However,
that did not mark the beginning of a unified Nigeria. Prisons. Had that been
so, it would have negated official colonial policy for that would have required
funds which the colonial power was not prepared to expand.
Even
so, the colonial prison at this stage was not designed to reform anyone. There
was no systematic penal policy from which direction could be sought for penal
administration. Instead prisoners were in the main used for public works and
other jobs for the colonial administration. For that reason there was no need
for recruitment of trained officers of the prisons. Hence, colonial prisons had
no trained and developed staff of their own and instead the police also
performed prisons duties. As time went on ex-servicemen were recruited to do
the job.
They were also very poorly run and the
local prison conditions varied from one place to another in their
disorganization, callousness and exploitation. But so long as they served the
colonial interest of ensuring law and order collecting taxes, and providing
labour for public works, they were generally left alone. The result was that
the prisons served the purpose of punishing those who had the guts to oppose
colonial administration in one form or the other while at the same time cowing
those who might want to stir up trouble for the colonial set up.
The person regulation was published in
1917 to prescribe admission, custody, treatment and classification procedures
as well as staffing, dieting and clothing regimes for the prisons. These
processes were limited in one very sense. They were not geared towards any
particular type of treatment of inmates. Instead they represent just policies of
containment of those who were already in prison. Besides, they were limited in
application to those who were convicted or remanded in custody by criminal
courts of the British-inspired supreme or provincial types. Those remanded or
convicted by the native courts were sent to Native authority prisons. The
prison regulation also distinguished between Awaiting Trail and Convicted
Inmates application of this general rule to the national prison while the
native authority prison went their own way effectively stultified the
appearance of a national prison goal- orientation in terms of inmate treatment.
It was not until 1934 that any
meaningful attempt was made to introduce relative modernization into the prison
service. It was at this time that Colonel V.L. Mabb was appointed Director of
prisons by the then Governor Sir Donald Cameron. Although a military officers,
Mabb had an understanding of what prisons should be. And he went on to do his
best. What he seemed to have focused his attention on was the formation of a
unified prison structure for the whole country but he failed. Yet he succeeded in
extending the substantive Director of prisons Supervisory and inspectoral power
over the Native Authority Prisons by this time dominant in the North. It was also
during his tenure that the prisons warders’ welfare Board was formed.
His efforts were to be continued by
his successor R.H. Dolan (1946-1955). Mr. Dolan was a trained prisons officer
and when he assumes duties in Nigeria he already had a wealth of experience ion
prison administration in both Britain and the colonies. Although a scheme for
the introduction of vocational training in the National prisons had been
introduced in 1917 and it failed except in Kaduna and Lokoja prisons where it
was functioning in 1926, Mr. Dolan reintroduced it in 1949 as a cardinal part
of a penal treatment in Nigeria. He also made classification of prisoners
mandatory in all prisons and went on to introduce visits by relations to
inmates. He also introduced progressive earning schemes for long term first
offenders. He also transferred the prisons Head quarters formerly in Enugu to
Lagos to facilitate close cooperation with other department of state. He also introduced
moral and adult education classes to be handled by competent ministers and
teachers for both Christian and Islamic education programmes for recreation and
relaxation of prisons were introduces during his tenure as well as the
formation of an association for the care and rehabilitation of discharged
prisoners. But above all. He initiated a programme for the construction and
expansion of even bigger convict prisons to enhance the proper classification
and accommodation of prisoners.
On manpower developments he was
instrumental to the prison training school, Enugu in 1947. He also saw to the
appointment of educated wardresses to take charge of the female wings of the
service conditions of the prison staff. In addition, he took classification a
step further when in 1948 he opened four reformatories in Lagos and converted
part of the Port-Harcourt prisons for the housing and treatment of juveniles,
five years later he was to build an open prison in Kakuri-Kaduna to take care
of first offenders who had committed such crimes as murder and manslaughters,
and who are serving term of 15years or more. The idea was to train them with
minimum supervision in agriculture so that on discharge they could employ themselves gainfully. In fact, Dolan’s
tenure represented a very high point in the evolution of Nigeria prisons
service.
1.3 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF LAFIAGI
TOWN
Lafiagi
town is bi=bounded in the north by Niger state in the south, is bounded by
Shonga and Gbugbu while Patagi Local government on the east – side of the town.
The Lafiagi town covers a land mass of
about 1849 sq kilometers, the largest populace of this town concentrated on
agriculture as a result of abundant fertile farm land. The town has some satellites town like Isaragi, Shonga,
Patigi and a number of villages surrounding it, also historical lafiagi main
market is at the center of the town, lafiagi is now the headquarters of the Edu
local government council most of the traditional emirates inhabitants are
Muslim Nupe people.
A market centre for rice, yams,
sorghum, millet, corn (maize), sugarcane, kolanuts, peanuts (groundnuts), palm
produce, fish, cattle, and cotton, the town is also a collecting point for the
rice grown on the fasamas (flood plains0 of the Niger and for dried fish.
Cotton weaving is traditionally important. Lafiagi has a government maternity
clinic dispensing general hospital. Population (2008) 30,976.
MOTIVATION/JUSTIFICATION OF THE
PROJECT TOPIC
1.4
MOTIVATION
Today Nigeria is facing the problem
of insecurity and also the problem of unemployment in the country which
increases the rate of crimes committed in this country such as rapping, robbery,
and smoking e.t.c
So
it is my desire to embark on this project and design a well functional medium
security prison at Lafiagi.
1.5JUSTIFICATION
Nowadays, due to
unemployment in the country, there are many criminal activities such as
robbery, raping, smoking, murder e.t.c. the alarming rate of these crimes
requires the provision of medium security prisons at strategic areas across the
country. The capacity of Lafiagi is 34 and presently occupied over 100
prisoners.
For
the above stated reasons, it is my desire to design a well functional and
modern prison to house convict, C.C, ATM, ATF criminals.
1.6 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
AIM
To design a well functional and
aesthetically balance building that will suit the taste of time and easy to
maintain.
OBJECTIVES
1)
To promote enough security.
2)
To create prison vocational centre, where prisoners
will be reformed and rehabilitated
3)
To design a functioning and aesthetically
balanced building.
4)
To design more cells for the comfort of
the prisoners.
5)
To design modern medium security prison.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1)
Male and female cell
2)
Security room
3)
Armed forces post
4)
Kitchen
5)
Canteen
6)
Holding cell (temporary cell)
7)
Storage
8)
Exhibition space.
9)
Library
10)
Shower
11)
Infirmary
12)
Morgue
13)
Yard
14)
Execution room
15)
Visitation room
16)
Prisoner’s reception
17)
Administrative block
18)
Laundry
19)
Chaplain/mosque
20)
Vocational center
21)
Conveniences
22)
Garage.
1.8 RESEARCH MTHODOLOGY
This
project is undertaking by way of careful selection of some methods. The methods
involved are:
1)
Cases studies
2)
Oral interview
3)
Literature review
4)
Photograph
ü CASE STUDIES:
it’s a review of some existing formal prisons, which reveals notable merits and
demerits.
ü ORAL INTERVIEW:
was carried out with the officers to enhance the technical details and utility.
ü LITERATURE REVIEW:
references were made to some Architecture books in the library and on-line
research.
ü PHOTOGRAPH:
some photos were taking during the case studies.
1.9 CONCLUSSION
This assessment does appear to have
implications both for prison authorities and prison inmates as well for the
Nigeria prison Authorities, the international standards states that each
prisoner must have enough space, although definitions of adequacy vary from
country to country and depend among other factors on how much time prisoner
spend in their cells. It is one thing to sleep in a confided space another to
spend 23 hours a day. The prison standard minimum rules do say that all cells
and perimeter walls and dormitories must have adequate heating, lighting and
ventilation and that every detained or inmate should have his/her own bed or
mattress with clean bedding to enhance the psychological well being of the
inmates fall short of these basic needs.
Moreover, the prisons studied for this
research work will hold more prisoners than the official capacity. By
implication, the minimum required standard in respect of dimensions e.g.
minimum space per prisoner should not less than 3.4 sq
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