ISLAMIC RADICALISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST (A CASE STUDY OF THE HAMAS MOVEMENT)

ABSTRACT

The study evaluated role of the Hamas movement group in the outbreak of the Arab/Israeli conflict (1987 – 2009). The period in view was a period of great tension and bombings of Israeli lands (Notably Jerusalem) by the Islamic group (Hamas) in 1996, after failed attempts by Western Nations for a peace talk between both nations.

The Study revealed most of the activities of a Hamas Islamic movement, aimed at unifying Palestinian Arabs and achieving an independent Palestinian land.

These activities, mostly aggressive, caused great tension and unrest in the region, claiming many lives and properties were destroyed.

The study also discussed about the relationship of the Hamas with other Islamic groups, (i.e.   Al- Fattah group of Palestine etc.) That has the same ideology as the group. And how it waged war against Islamic groups that has a different ideology to theirs (i.e. engaging in the holy war (JIHAD). The study utilized analytical and descriptive approach.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                                                      Pages

Title page                                                                                          i

Certification                                                                                     ii

Dedication                                                                                        iii

Acknowledgements                                                                       iv

Table of Contents                                                                           v

Abstract                                                                                            vii

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction                                                                                    1

Background to the study                                                             2

Statement of Research Problem                                                3

Aims and Objectives                                                                      4

Research Methodology                                                                4

Scope of Study                                                                                5

Notes and References`                                                                 6

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review                                                                           7         

Notes and References                                                                   12

CHAPTER THREE

THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HAMAS MOVEMENT                                                                                         13

Introduction                                                                                    13

The Origin of the Hamas Movement                                        13

Aims and Objectives of the Hamas Movement                     15

Activities of the Hamas Movement                                           17

Funding of Hamas                                                                          18

Hamas Relationship with other Islamic Movements            19

Notes and References                                                                   21

CHAPTER FOUR

THE IMPACT BOF THE HAMAS MOVEMENT IN THYE ARAB/ISRAELI CONFLICT

Introduction                                                                                                22

Mode of Operation                                                                       22

The Contribution of the Hamas Movement to the Arab/Israeli Conflict                                                                                     23

An Appraisal of the Role of the Hamas Resistance Movement in the Arab/Israeli conflict                                                                      26

Notes AND References                                                                 29

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION                                                   31

Summary                                                                                          31

Conclusion                                                                                       33

Bibliography                                                                                                35

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The middle-east can be said to be the most volatile region in the whole world. It is the epi-centre of international politics. The Middle East produces three quarters of the world’s total oil output, and is the life wire of many western countries that depends on the Middle East for its oil needs. In additional to the above, the geography of the Middle East and its enviable quality make the region very important in international politics.

Nonetheless, the periods of imperialism and colonialism in d Middle East also quickened the base of nationalism and cultural assertion by the Arabs. Indeed, the incidents of imperialism and colonialism underscore the wave of conflicts in the Middle East, whether the issue of Zionism, the Arab-Israeli conflict, the question on the status of the Palestinian Arabs, the religions cleavages and insurgence, or the Iranian Islamic revolution.

However, physical confrontation as a means of regaining lost territories, or preventing the loss of others is also a feature of the Middle East conflict. For the Palestinian Arabs who are always on the defence, this is carried out under the aegies of pan Arabism. Pan Arabism denotes a secular call for Arab unity and consciousness about being an Arab. Pan Arabism gave rise to religious consciousness as a factor of nationalism in the region. Religion or Islamic awakening extends to both Arab,Iran and turkey. Religion also serves as a means of protection against the onslaught of foreign culture, and as another layerof regional unity which is more extension than pan Arabism.

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The ongoing onslaught between can be traced in part to a series of agreements signed between Britain and some Arab countries as well as other western powers like France and Russia. Of these agreements, the Hussein and mammalian agreement is seen by many as the main cause of conflict in the Middle East.

The Hussein-mammalian agreement denotes a series of letters exchanged between the two as part of Britain’s strategy to get the Arabs in Arabia to revolt against ottoman rule. One significant thing about these letters is that the British promised independence for Arab lands under ottoman control at the end of the First World War. The Hussein-mammalian agreement was aimed at distracting the attention of ottoman forces, and the axis powers.

Although, throughout the period of the exchange of correspondence between Hussein and mammalian, the question of Arab lands continued to dominate discussions, the end of the war, and the British attitude to the Arab incensed pan Arabism. It should be noted that despite British power, not a single Arabstate was established after World War 1 by either the British o9r her allies in the victorious allied powers. Rather, the Arabs were transformed into mandates, and placed under the care of Britain of either Britain or her allies.

STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

The Hamas movement has over the years emerged in the forefront of the struggle for the establishment of a separate state for the Palestinian Arabs. Hamas had enjoyed Israeli patronage for a long time before assuming the position a liberator for the suffering Arabs in Palestine.

In its earliest history, Hamas was used by Israel to counter-balance the activities of the secular oriented Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO). However, Hamas gained prominence in the west bank because the PLO were always on exile. At the present, Hamas occupies a central position in the political structure of Arab Palestine. Hamas won the Palestinian legislative election in 2006, and took control of significant Palestinian Authority (PA), including the minority of interior. Hamas is the legitimate government among the Arabs of Palestine. Although, it is not recognised by the west due largely to its belligerence dispositions.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

This work aims at examining the factors that helped in transforming the Hamas movement from friends of the Israelites to foe. This project essay also evaluates the role of the Hamas movement in the ongoing struggle for the establishment of a separate state of a Palestinian Arabs. Additionally, this work looks at the ways and means being employed by Hamas towards a successful actualisation of its desire for a foreign state for Arabs in Palestine. The main objective of this study is to show how Hamas has continued to carry on its mandate of establishing a state for Arabs in Palestine despite western support.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The materials for this work are obtained mainly from secondary sources of historical data. Thus, documented materials such as book, journals, monographs, newspapers, and magazines will form the bulk of written materials for this essay.

SCOPE OF STUDY

This work focuses primarily on the origin, growth, and development of the Hamas movement. It also examines the charter or philosophy of the Hamas movement, funding and management, as well as mode of operation.

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