ABSTRACT
This research work on Quality control
as an effective tool in production standardization (A case study of Seven Up
Bottling Company Nigeria Limited). It strives to assess the role of quality
control in enhancing the product standardization of manufacturing
organizations. The study argues that the ultimate aim of any manufacturing
company is the production of quality goods and services for the satisfaction of
its customers and to maximize profit. The study reveals that for any product to
survive the competitive nature of the market depends on the value attached to
the products by the consumers. Such value may include quality, durability,
price, utility and cost of others. It further asserts that beverage industries
are concerned with/ despite the fact that the beverage products are being used
by a wide range of customers within the society, there is need for the
manufacturers to consider individual optimum benefits, to be able to accomplish
this aim, the quality of the product must be given adequate recognition. One of
the major findings was that, the quality control personnel need to be given
adequate compensation and recognition to enable them perform creditably well.
Their basic functions of supervision is to ensure that standard outputs are produced
for the satisfaction of their clients. It is recommended that Seven Up Bottling
Company should therefore intensify more effort in their quality control
techniques practice to bring their products to the standard of other foreign
country predicts so as to enhance their quality standard.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background
of the study
1.2 Statement
of problem
1.3 Objectives
of the study
1.4 Statement
of hypothesis
1.5 Significance
of the study
1.6 Scope
1.7 Limitation
of the study
1.8 Historical
background of the study
1.9 Definition
of terms
CHAPTER
TWO
Literature Review
2.1 The
concepts of Quality Control
2.2 Quality
Control
2.3 The
Objectives of Quality Control
2.4 Quality
2.5 Kinds
of Quality
2.6 Quality
and Reliability
2.7 Quality
Assurance
2.8 Standardization
and Variety Reduction
2.9 The
Economics of Standardization and Quality
2.10 Quality
and Cost
2.11 Quality
of Purchase Item
CHAPTER
THREE
Research Methodology
3.1 Research
Design
3.2 Research
Population
3.3 Sample
Size and Sampling Techniques
3.4 Method
Use in Gathering Data
3.5 Justification
for the Method Use in Gathering Data
3.6 Method
of Data Analysis and Presentation
3.7 Justification
of Instrument Used
CHAPTER
FOUR
Data Presentation and Analysis
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Data
Presentation and Analysis
4.2 Discussion
of Result
4.3 Test
of Hypothesis
4.4 New
Findings
CHAPTER
FIVE
Summary of Findings, Conclusion and
Recommendation
5.1 Summary
of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Product quality and price constitute vital
factors that consumers consider in the choice of product. Unfortunately
however, the qualities of products continue to decline due to a number of
factors. First and foremost, the production cost and other considerations have
placed a heavy burden on product quality since as the economy weakens, the
quality of a products is being sacrificed for quality at a relatively lower
price. Secondly, most manufacturer have a realization that to survive in a
recessionary economy such as ours, there is the need to review prices downwards
to induce patronage from the low income groups all these are threats to
quality.
In the seven-up Bottling company industry
the nature of the existing completion where by foreign manufactures dominates
the markets in Nigeria
provides serious challenge to the indigenous manufacturers. Foreign products
are often preferred by most Nigerians on the basis of quality, durability,
price, colours, etc. this constitute an important competitive advantage to the
foreign manufacturers and a threats to the indigenous company.
This calls for effective quality control in
our seven-up industry to enhance product standardization and to favourably
compete with other producers.
This study is an attempt to provide a
realistic approach to quality control in seven-up bottling company.
Quality control is the comparison of
products and services with a set standard. Total quality involves customer
satisfaction by building in and ensuring quality from product planning to
production, purchasing sales and services. In total Quality Management (TQM),
everybody is involved and not just the quality control staff alone.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The quality of product may be defined in
terms of its kinds, type, character, property, degree of goodness or
excellence.
However, most present day, goods including
seven-up company are produced or manufactured by massive production method on
machines which repeatedly produce almost identical units owning to the
uncontrollable variation in the quality of the processing machines, variation
of the manufactured product are bound to occur.
If a company’s product is to satisfying the
customer’s requirement, then it is necessary for the company to establish
standard for the functions and appearance aspects of its products as well as
for the durability requirement, then this is the general requirement for
setting up an quality control department to ensure that standards is adhere to.
Quality of seven-up products some times
fail to meet specification because of some assignable causes, defective
materials, improper setting of equipments, operation errors, manpower and many
others unassignable causes because it cost the same amount to produce goods
unit, emphasis should be on prevention rather than error detection.
Thus, the attainment of suitable quality
depends upon the appropriate human performance or behavior when the product is
being made. Consequently, conflict arises between quality control personnel and
production personnel, when this happens, it is the managers responsibility to
resolve the conflict. In the economic depression in our society today, man
becomes corrupt and can go at any length to compromise standard for their
personal benefits.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
Against
the background of the enumerated of the organization, the following are the
objective of the study.
1. To
examine the process of quality control technique in printing industries in
particular to Seven Up Bottling Company.
2. To
also highlight it importance in reducing the cost of correcting effective
product in printing industries in particular to 7Up Bottling Company.
3. To
also determine the impact of quality control techniques on profitability in
printing industries in particular 7Up Bottling Company.
4. To
preset impartial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Higher
National Diploma in productions and operation management.
1.4 STATEMENT
OF HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis is a statement of facts that has
not being practically tested. It is an opinion or suggestion put for ward as a
starting point for investigation leading to some findings.
To guide this study, the null hypothesis
(Ho) and the working hypothesis (Hi) are developed by the researcher to be
tested and a decision in either to accept or reject any of the hypothesis will
be taken.
Ho
- Null Hypothesis
H1
-Working Hypothesis
H0:
Quality control techniques does not have
significant impact on product standardization of an organization.
H1: Quality control techniques have
significant impact on product standardization of an organization.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The significance of the study is to
enlighten corporate bodies, individuals and numerous organization on the need
for quality control and product standardization of both money and capital
markets and to facilitate their understanding of how they can mobilize capital
with minimum difficulty.
Therefore, the study will have a
stimulating significance to students and scholars intending to enhance their
acknowledge in this filed.
1.6 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
This study of quality control as an
effective tool in product standardization is the aim of research to beyond the
elementary understand the subject at hand. To enlighten the reader and given
deep insight or illumination on quality control in product standardization and
their interaction, relationship, quality connection, influences and enhancement
that occur.
1.7 LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
Actually, this piece of work ought to be
voluminous than what it is not but, due to the factors encountered by the
researcher during the period which are beyond my control.
The seven-up company plc-Kaduna, it is
hoped that this write up will bring about desired and improved change in their
quality control process and habit. Therefore, the project is aimed at examining
the term quality control as it affects the standard of a product.
Inadequate finance brought delay, time
wasting and access to total comprehensive information and data, hence, that is
clearly understand or financial crisis is part and Persil of student. The crash
academic programme of the researcher couple with lecturer combining service
with supervising of project pose problem or threat in its way.
Lack of prompt innovation and initiative
ability by company staff and new product failure. Financial deficiency by the
company, all the process of new quality product development involves money
(huge amount). It is never done over night, it takes time, labour.
Another factor that limiting the scope of
this study was financial constraint, since movement involved transportation.
The researcher has to reduce the number of times on contact with the company
used as a case study.
There was also a problem of response from
questionnaires distributed, most of the customers and distributor of seven-up
plc, products requested for explanation before filling the questionnaire those
who could not get explanation return their questionnaire unfilled, while some
did not complete theirs, this provided inadequate information as to testing
hypothesis.
More so, lack of adequate text book was
another problem the researchers work faced, since the researcher major work
faced, since the researcher major source information was from secondary source
most of the text books required to derive information, from were not available
with all this problems, the researcher has to rely on the few information
gotten to carry out the research work.
1.8 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY
Seven-up Bottling company Plc, one of
Nigeria’s leading carbonated soft drinks (CSD) manufacturers, was founded by
Mr. Mohammed El-Khalil, a
Lebanese, in the year 1959. The company
commenced operation on October 1st 1960, which conceded with Nigeria’s
independence day, with just one plant in Ijora-Lagos (now the administrative
Head Office). Records showed that, on that same day, a total of 14 cases of
seven-up flavor were produced.
The company was quoted in the Nigerian
stock exchange and went into public offered in 1984. Through hard work and
determination, the company has been able to expand its plants and distributions
network to all parts of the country. Its greatest period of growth actually
started in the early 80’s with the opening of Ibadan
plants (1980), Ikeja plant in 1981, Kano plant
in 1985, and Aba
plant in 1989.
The acquisition of John Holt soft drinks
brought Kaduna
plant to lime light in late 1989. The company later opened Benin plant in 1996, Ilorin
plant in year 2002, and Enugu
plant in year 2002.
The company’s vision statement is to be
most admired and innovative company in Nigerian by year 2010”, the mission
statement is to fresh and inspire a youthful life style.
The
company produces 7-up, pepsi, mirinda orange, mirinda soda, mirinda lemon,
mirinda apple, mirinda fruity, mirinda tonic, mirinda tropical, teem lemon, and
mountain dew.
1.9 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Quality: Anything that
confirms with ones predetermined standard or specification.
Materials: These are components
parts of raw materials that are kept in the store house.
Specification: Is the
statement of providing description or list of characteristics or requirement
laid down for materials component or process of services.
Quality Control: The process of
setting standards for acceptability for goods purchase and produced by the
organization base on the acceptance or rejection of materials upon the
standard.
Standard: Level often used as a
test or measure for weight, length, qualities or for the require degrees of
excellence.
Standardization: This is to make
one size, shape, quality etc, according to fixed standards.
Cost: This
is the monetary value of goods purchase.
Reliability: Products or services that can be relied
upon as a result of its quality, performing up to expected standard.
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