ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to examine the impact of
macro economic policy on poverty alleviation in Nigeria. In order to test the
hypothesis formed on the study, secondary data were collected from reliable
sources like CBN official bulletins FOS etc, three general models were formulated and tested
using ordinary least square analysis where the relationship between the
dependent and independent variables were tested. The reliability of the
parameters estimated for the models were tested using T - test and Durbin
Watson test of autocorrelation. It was discovered that poverty alleviation
allocations increased annually. In terms of approaches to poverty alleviation,
there is the need to increase the demand and therefore the prices for those
factors of production that the poor own (e.g their own labour); transfer
physical assets such as land to the poor, providing social services such as
education to the poor and transferring current income to the poor through cash
or food subsidies. All these approaches are aimed at utilized the poor' factor
endowments for improved income earnings and in living standards.
However, instead of the unemployment level to reduce in
accordance with our expectation coupled with increase in level of job creation,
the reverse was the case for both variables. Therefore, further observation and
analysis showed that poverty level escalates year in year out, despite the fact
that poverty alleviation fund allocations are intensified annually.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title
Page
Certificate
Dedication
Acknowledgment
Abstract
Table
of Content
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of
Problem
1.3 Aim and
Objective of the Study
1.4 Research
Questions
1.5 Statement of
Hypotheses
1.6 Research
Methodology
1.7 Significance
of the Study
1.8 The Scope and
Limitation of the Study
1.9 The
Definition of Terms / Concepts
1.10 Organization
of the Study
References
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIRW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The concept
and Definitions of Poverty
2.3 The
Measurement of Poverty
2.3.1
Poverty Profile
2.3.2
Poverty Gap and Head Count
2.4
Causes of Poverty in Nigeria
2.4.1
Poverty as lack of access to basic needs
/ goods
2.4.2
Poverty as the Outcome of Inefficient
usage of Common Resources
2.4.3 Poverty as a Result of Exclusive Mechanisms
2.4.5 General Causes of Poverty in Nigeria
2.5.
Policy options for Alleviating Poverty
in Nigeria
CHAPTER
THREE: STRUCTURAL COMPOSITION OF THE STUDY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Measurement
of Poverty
3.3 Causes
of Poverty in Nigeria
3.4 How
Nigerian Government Promote Poverty
3.5 Solution
to Poverty in Nigeria
CHAPTER
FOUR: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
4.1 Methodology
4.2 Methods
of Estimation of Analysis
4.3 Criterion
group returns: Respondents characteristics and
classification
4.4 Specification
of Data
4.5 Empirical
results and interpretation of the regression
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION
AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary
of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
INTRODUCTION
Fundamental, poverty IS often described as the state or condition of living in
which people have little or no money, assets, or means of support. Some
development economists define poverty with particular reference to basic human
needs which the individual must have in order to survive a family may be said
to have been in poverty when it is unable to satisfy its basic needs. The basic
needs concept in its restricted sense is concerned with food, clothing and
shelter. Basic needs may includes clean air and water, an adequate and balanced
diet, emotional and physical security and climatically appropriate clothing and
shelter. (Burkey, 1993), Greenwald and
association (1965) designed, poverty as a condition in which income is
sufficient to meet substance needs; this implies that level of living standard
may be considerably lower than the minimum living standard. The capital
household expenditure measures of poverty showed that about 71 percent of
Nigerian households are poor out of which
36 percent classified moderately poor Federal Office of Statistics, 1996 (FOS).
Poverty has a lot of detrimental effect and constitutes a
threat to sustainable human development empowerment of poor is the key strategy
to the abolition of poverty. The reality is that poverty is not only related to
the inability to fulfill basic material needs, but it is also closely connected
to various other human dimensions, such as health, education, environmental
long tern security and societal roles.
Consequently, power can only be understand in its entire
nature. If those human dimension is taken into. account, other may give it a
broader meaning, compassing but social and moral dimension. For example, some
believed that, poverty emerge as a result of the disparities in the ownership of the means of production, while,
other believed, it is related to those particular attitudes, cultural norms,
values and environmental factors
prevailing within the society. \
Considering nature of poverty there is need to write about
the major causes of poverty in Nigeria.
1.2 STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM
There is no doubt above the fact poverty is a global evil,
it is also a cause of heartache to economists who cares so much about the
future of all economic wise. In Nigeria, poverty is a phenomenon that is in the
life of almost every Nigerian, due to the fact that 71 percent of Nigeria
household are classified poor out of which 36 percent are classified as core
poor.
A nation blessed with different natural resources both
taped and facing a high level of consumption as a, ratio of Gross Domestic product
(GDP) which implied under development and high prosperity to consume better.
However, this tends to increase the level of corruption in the country.
Certainly, all sectors of the economy are capable of
producing positive effect on poverty alleviation, if the appropriate policies
and programmes are mapped out. But we are looking at a manager on development
policy that has the targets potentials for alleviation for the poor who
constitutes the bulk of the bloodied rural population.
1.3
AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
This study is aimed at invest of the appraisal of poverty
alleviation in Nigeria. It is specific geared towards attaining the following
specific objectives.
i) To examine the impact of macroeconomic
policy on poverty alleviation in Nigeria.
ii) To examine the impact of government policy
on poverty alleviation in Nigeria.
iii) To examine the impact of non-governmental
organization on poverty alleviation in Nigeria.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What has
been effect of poverty on human 'welfare?
2. What are the-effects of income
distribution on economic development growth?
3) Can
government activities impact on economic growth?
4) Used to
influence unemployment rate in Nigeria?
5) What has been the impact of monetary and
fiscal polices on national economic growth and development,
1.5
STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESES
The
study will be guided by the following hypothesis stated is the null and
alternative forms:
1) Ho: That there is no significant
relationship between poverty alleviation and economic growth in Nigeria.
HA: That
there is significant relationship between poverty alleviation and economic
growth in Nigeria.
2) Ho: That there is no significant
relationship between employment and poverty alleviation in Nigeria.
HA: That there is
significant relationship between employment and poverty alleviation in Nigeria.
3) Ho: That there is no significant
relationship between macroeconomic policy and poverty alleviation In Nigeria.
HA: That there is
significant relationship between macroeconomic policy and poverty alleviation
In Nigeria.
.'
1.6
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The researcher will use Econometrics analysis .to test for
the relationship between dependent and independent variables which involves the
use of multiple regression analysis.
The data that would be required for the study shall be
sourced through secondary means. This includes the publications of the Central
Bank of Nigeria, (CBN), Federal Office of Statistics (FOS), conference papers
textbooks, seminars papers and new dailies.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Looking at the alarming rate at which poverty is moving on
the economy, government attention is highly desirable,
Poverty is one of the feature and characteristics of the
south (i.e the less developed countries). Therefore, a more pragmatic policy
and measures should be embarked on in the area of technological development,
resources mobilization for optional production, high rates of capital formation
etc.
This study therefore seeks to draw government attention to
the ever-increasing rate of poverty in the economy
with a view of designing a framework for its alleviation.
1.8 THE
SCOPE AND LIMITA1'ION OF THE STUDY
This study is designed to examine only the development
project instituted by the three tiers of government in Nigeria (i.e Poverty Alleviation
Programme PAP). The coverage period for the study is between 1980 to 2009.
This study is limited to the government project; perhaps,
various sectors in the economy have instituted policies in alleviating poverty
particularly the banking industry and the manufacturing industry. But our
analysis as. earlier said shall only be restricted- to the activities of
government-instituted projects.
1.9 THE
DEFINITION OF TERMS ICONCEPTS
FOS = Federal
Office of Statistics
GDP = Gross
Domestic Product
PAP = Poverty
Alleviation Programme
1.10
ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This study is divided into five chapters. One would
examine the introductory part of the study. Chapter two contains the review of
literature. These writers' perception in the subject matter would be
aggregated.
Chapter three contains the structural framework of poverty
profiles in Nigeria as well as modality for its measurement. Chapter four would
examine Research Methodology, Data analysis and International of Results.
Chapter five rounds up the study with summary, conclusion and policy
recommendations.
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