ABSTRACT
The
study focused on Human resource planning and development strategy in three selected
hotels in Port Harcourt with reference to hotel Presidential, 1804 hotel and
& Arriva hotel and suite. The objectives of the study was to identify the
human it-source planning and development strategies used by hotels in Port
Harcourt. To achieve the objective of the study, survey research design was
adopted. A total of 286 questionnaires were administered to the selected staff
of the hotels. Data collection with questionnaire were analyzed using simple
percentage. The findings in chapter four revealed that there is a significant
relationship existing between human resource development programme and the
performance of hotel employees. The researcher recommended that the human
resource department should develop and implement a comprehensive career
development training programme for the staff. This would make them proactive
and resilient, and effectively propagate government policies. The researcher
also recommend that seminars and workshop should be conducted in order to
change the mentality of every employee in a hotel industry.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table
of Contents vi
List
of Tables ix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of
the Problem 3
1.3 Objectives of
Study 4
1.4 Research Questions 4
1.5 Research Hypotheses 5
1.6 Significant of Study 5
1.7 Scope of Study 5
1.8 Limitation 6
1.9 Definition of Terms 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 INTRODUCTION 7
2.1 Conceptual
Framework 7
2.1.1 Human
Resource Planning 7
2.2 Factor
that Determine Human Resource Planning 8
2.2.1 Macro
Human Resource Planning 10
2.2.2 Principles
and Techniques of Planning 10
2.2.3 Prerequisites
for Effective Human Resource Planning 11
2.2.4 Integrating
Human Resource Planning with Hotel Strategy Plan 12
2.3 Objective
of Human Resource Planning 13
2.4 Two
Types of Human Resource Planning 13
2.5 Development
16
2.6 Step in
Human Resource Development 16
2.7 Developing Human Resource Strategy 17
2.8 Strategies
18
2.9 Human
Resource Planning and Development 18
2.10 Essence of the Human Resource Planning and
Development Strategy 19
2.11 Effect
of Human Resource Planning and Development Strategy 20
2.12 Role of
Strategic Human Resource Planning 20
2.13 Empirical
Frame Work 22
2.14 Theoretical
Framework 23
2.14.1 Human
Resources Theories 23
2.15 Summary
of Literature Review 24
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY 26
3.1 Research
Design 26
3.2 Area of
Study 26
3.3 Population
for the Study 27
3.4 Sample
Size and Sampling Techniques 27
3.5 Instrument
for Data Collection 29
3.6 Validation
of Instrument 29
3.7 Reliability
of the Instrument 29
3.8 Data
Collection Techniques 29
3.9 Data
Analysis Techniques 30
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS,
AND INTERPRETATION 31
4.1 Data
presentation 31
4.2 Discussion
of Findings 36
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 37
5.1 Summary 37
5.1.1 Restatement
of the Research Problem 37
5.1.2 Major
Findings 38
5.2 Conclusion 38
5.3 Recommendations 39
References 40
Appendix 42
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: Number of
respondents 31
Table 4.2: Human resource planning and
development strategies 33
Table 4.3: Are
there any relationship existing between human resource
development programme and
the performance of hotel employees
working in
your hotel.? 34
Table 4.4: Problems associated with
Human Resource Planning and Development in your Hotel 34
Table 4.5: Are there relationship
between the level of satisfaction among the hotel staff and
their performance. 35
Table 4.6: Can employees be developed
in order to increase their productivity. 35
Table 4.7: Are there strategies
employed by your hotel in human resource planning and development? 36
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study
The hotel sector is a segment within the tourism industry
consisting of building containing guest rooms for sleeping (Hayes and
Ninermeties, 2007). In the narrowest sense, the definition is
correct. However, today traveling public have a wide variety of lodging alternatives and the definition just
cited has limited user Hotel is a home away
from home" it is a place where the tourist stops being a traveler and
becomes the guest (Sheela, 2008). A hotel usually offers a full range of
accommodation and services, which may include; suites, public banquet
facilities, living and entertainment facilities.
Smritee (2008) refers to hotel as a place where accommodation
and food are provided to the visitor or tourist on the payment of money. David
(2010), broadly defines hotel as
an establishment held out by
a proprietor providing accommodation, foods and beverages, to any
traveler presenting his/her self who is willing and
able to pay for the services rendered by the hotel. Human resource planning is the process that identifies
current and future human resources need for an organization to achieve its
goals. Human resources should serve as a link between management and the
overall strategic plan of an organization. Normal Price, (2002) defined human
resource planning as the process where organization identified and plan are
made for these requirements.
Reilly (2003) define human resource planning as a process in
which organization attempts to estimate the demand for labour and evaluates the
size, nature and source of supply which will be required to meet the demand. According
to Appleby (2000), human resource planning seeks to maintain and
approve on organizational ability to achieve corporate objectives by developing
strategies which are designed to increase the present and future contribution
of human resource.
Ibekwe (2004) defines human resource development as a
systematic process of training and growth by which individual
gains and applies knowledge, skills, insight, and attitude and manage work and personnel effectively. This
involves the estimation of demand for the supply of management staff for the
organization in future. Human resource
development is the process of intellectual and
emotional achievement through providing the means by which people can grow on
their job. It relate to series of activities, which embark upon to improve its
managerial capacity (Graham, 2001).
Fayana, (2002) stated that human resources planning is
systematic and continual process of analyzing organizations’ human resource needs under mutating
conditions and developing personnel policies appropriate for long term
effectiveness of the organization. It is essential part of the business
planning and budgeting procedure. Since human resource cost and forecast
influences are affected by long-term corporate plan. Many workers failed in the
hotel sector in expectation because the development strategies where not identified. Development helps build
confidence in worker and make them more effective and efficiently. All
hospitality organizations meet to have a sense of direction which is put into
action through a plan. This plan refers to as
business strategies. This emphasis on human resource
planning and development is influenced by the belief that it is now desirable
to focus more attention on areas which in the past had been relatively neglected. Every organization regardless of its size must
provide for the need, interest and desires of
its employee within the work environment if it earns loyalty, dedication, involvement and commitment necessary
to complete effectively.
In other words, the success of any hospitality industry
depends on the ability and expertise of those who operate it both at managerial
and lower level of operation. Such abilities and expertise
usually stem from the knowledge they acquired.
The main objective of setting up industry is to make profit and
to achieve the
organizational goals. Adequate human resource
planning and development strategies should be put in place to enhance
performance.
The word "strategies" come from the Greek word for
generalship like good general.
Strategy gives overall direction for an initiative. A strategy is a way of
describing how you get things done, it is less specific than action plan (which
tells the who, what, when); instead, it tries to broadly answer the question,
how do we get there from here? (Do we want to take train? Fly? or walk?).
A good strategy will account existing barriers and resources
(people, money, power, materials e.t.c) and also stays with the overall vision,
mission and objective of initiative. Often, an initiative will use many
different strategies providing resource to achieve
its goal. Strategy helps an organization to determine how to realize their
vision and objective through the nitty-gritty work of action.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Many factors serve as deterrents to the application of
Human Resource planning and development. Jasrotia (2004) looked at the trends
in the field of human resource planning and development and he came up with
some factors that deter the progress in the area and the application of the
concept are low level of awareness and acceptance of human resource planning
and development, absence of an industry standard, extensiveness of the research
involved, dynamism of some industries like the information technology are very
dynamic due to frequent discoveries and technological advancement. Also, the
human resource planning and control is a concern in the hospitality industries
due to the improper utilization of human resource planning and development
strategies, the way and manner employees are managed, inadequate right number
of people and improper promotion of staff in the hotel industries.
1.3 Objectives of Study
1. to identify the human resource planning
and development strategies used by hotels in Port Harcourt.
2. to identify the problems militating the
effective performance of employees in hotel operations.
3. to determine the relationship between
human resource development programme and staff performance.
4. to ascertain the relationship between
the level of satisfaction among hotel staff and their performance.
5. to determines various ways to develop
hotel staff to increase their production.
6. to determine if planning and
development programme is capable of effectively improve the performance of employees in terms of quality and productivity
in hotel industry.
1.4 Research
Questions
1. What strategies employed by hotels in
Port Harcourt in their human planning and development?
2. What are the problems militating the
efficient and effective performance of employees in hotel operations?
3. What is the relationship between human
resource development programme and performance of hotel
employees working in Port Harcourt?
4. What is the
relationship between the level of satisfaction among the hotel staff and their
performance?
5. How can
employees be developed in order to increase their productivity hi hotel?
6. Is the application of planning and
development programme as a tool in managing hotels capable of effectively and
efficiently improving the performance of employees in the hotel?
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
1. Ho: There is no significant relationship
existing between human resources development programme and performance of hotel
employees.
2. Ho: There is no significant relationship
between the level of satisfaction among hotel employees and their performance.
3. Ho:
There is no significant relationship
between developing the hotel staff and increase in their productivity in
hotels.
1.6
Significant of Study
It is believed that this study when
completed will be beneficial to the followings:
Firstly, the study will be of
immense benefit to the hotels under, study hotel Presidential, 1804 hotel and
Arriva Hotel and Suite in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. It will help them know
that they have to consult the previous human resource planning and development
strategic plan before determining whether to prepare new human resource
planning and development.
Secondly, the study shall be of
great help to manager in gathering information that will help them while
planning for the human resource and its development.
Thirdly, this study will serve as
an aid academically to when the knowledge of the researcher in the field of
business and it will serve as a reference source by future researchers.
Lastly, this study will also help
the government in making their human resource planning and development budget
estimates on yearly bases.
1.7 Scope
of Study
This study is limited to Presidential Hotel, 1804 Hotel and
Arriva Hotel & Suite all in Phalga Local Government area of Port Harcourt,
Rivers State. It will focus on human resource planning and development
strategies in the hospitality industries. This study focuses on
the improper utilization of human resource in hotel as regards to planning and
development strategies.
1.8 Limitation
The problem encountered by the researcher in the course of
generating data for this project and they are;
i. Secrecy
of Respondents: The higher rate of secrecy manifested by the respondents in
releasing of information as concerns the operations of the organizations
contributed to the limitation.
ii. Deprived
Access: The researcher was been deprived to some departments and limited
access to some important information.
iii. Finance:
Finance constraint was another problem faced by the researcher in the
course of the study, as a result of the poor state of economy.
1.9 Definition
of Terms
Human resource: The human resource of a
business concern. These include unskilled, supervisory and
management staff of a company.
Planning: This is setting
objectives and deciding on the best way of achieving the objectives.
Development: This is the process
concerned with people's capacity in a defined and over a period to manage and
involve positive change, and reduce or eliminate unwanted change.
Strategies: A method or
plan chosen to bring about desire future, such as achievement of goals.
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