ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to highlight finance as an
instrument of effectiveness in public administration using Lagos State
Government as a case study.
Lagos State being the smallest state in the Federation
and being a highly populated state, the State Government would require funds
for the implementation of its policies and programmes and the delivery of
services to meet the needs of its citizen.
A thorough investigation was conducted into the ways in
which their funds are generated, it also talked about the problems affecting
the revenue generated in the state and how it can be solved.
Having analyzed all this, the result shows that finance
is an instrument of effectiveness in public administration.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background
to the Study
1.2 Statement of
the Problem
1.3 Objective of
the Study
1.4 Hypotheses
1.5 Significant
of the Study
1.6 Scope and
Limitation of the Study
1.7 Definition
of Terms
1.8 Organisation
of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Literature
Review
2.2 Lagos State
Government
2.3 The Lagos
State Civil Service
2.4 The Lagos
State Ministry of Finance
2.5 Importance
of Finance in the Lagos State Government
2.6 The Problem Affecting the Effective
Utilization of Finance in
the Lagos State Government
2.7 Some Solution
to the Problem of Public Finance
2.8 Conceptual
and Theoretical Framework
2.9 Modernization
Theory
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Population
of the Study
3.3 Sample and
Techniques
3.4 Method of
Data Collection
3.5 Data Administration
Procedure
3.6 Method of
Data Analysis and Interpretation
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data
Presentation and Interpretation
4.1 Presentation
Analysis and Interpretation of Data
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary,
Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
BIBILOGRAPHY
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
The term public administration consist of two words
·"public and administration" the word public is an adjective qualifying "administration" According to
Nnoli, (2000:45), Public administration is the machinery as well as the
integral process through which the government performs its functions. it is a
network of human relationships and associated activities extending from the
government to the lower paid and powerless individual charged with keeping
daily touch with all resources, natural and human and all aspects of the life
of the society with which the government is concerned. It is a system of roles
and role relationships which defines it as clear and practicable terms as
possible and in as much detail as possible the intentions and programme of
government; that means available internally and externally to accomplish them,
where, when and how they are to be accomplished; who is of benefit from them and finally, it is a system that causes these
intentions and programme to be realized in real life, it is a pattern of
routinized activities, involving decision making, planning, advising
co-ordination, negotiation, conciliation, arbitration command and data
gathering, through which the government carries out its responsibilities.
Public administration according to Adamolekun can be define as the activities
concerned with the management of government business and the study of these
activities and he stressed that it can be used as a practice or as a knowledge.
As a practice it is concerned with the activities that comes directly under the
government of any given society and as a knowledge public administration
concerns the understanding of government administration (Bamgbose, 2002: 105).
There are various types of Public administration part of
which are:
Government department or Ministry which is the oldest
types of public administration whereby government provides services to the
people and in return the people will pays their taxes example is the Ministry
of health, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of works and so on.
Government
Company: these are basically created for
making money like other private company. They go into any form of trade like
banking, insurance e.t.c and provide services for the people who can afford it
and the government always have above 51 % of the total share.
Government
Agencies: these arc agencies sponsored by
government to carry out a particular task and it does not last forever i.e.
once it complete its task i.e. will diminish e.g. N.A.F.D.A.C which is aimed at
checking and controlling drugs and health related issues, N.D.L.E.A which is
aimed at checkmating drug trafficking, task force e.t.c.
Public
Corporation: these are bodies
setup by government to render services Oto the people at a taken price e.g.
N.N.P.C.
For the smooth running of all these activities the
government funds will be required and leads us to finance.
Finance can be define as the management of money (Awiye,
1993:161).
Public Finance
developed as a branch of economics
concerned with the finance and economic activities of the public sector. It
encompasses all the activities carried out by government in generating all
allocating revenue towards ensuring efficiency of the state and the general
well being of the people (Idowu, 2004:2)
Public Finance can also define as that branch of economics that is
concerned with the revenue expenditure and debt operations of the government
and assesses the effects of government and the impact of these measures. It
identifies and assesses the effect of governmental financial policies i.e. it
tries to analyze the effects of government taxation and other sources of
revenue and expenditure on the economics situation of individual, institutions
and the economy as a whole (Salami, 2003:233). Public Finance cover areas such
as Resources allocation, income redistribution and stabilization Public Finance
has to with money at the disposal of the government. The government is saddled
with a lot of responsibility among which are:
(a) To provide for the socio, economic well
being of the people i.e. providing the people with some basic social amenities
like health centres, school e.t.c.
(b) To protect the people against nay internal
or external aggression i.e. protection of life and property of the people of
the state.
(c) Procuring materials for the effectiveness
of the government i.e. Funds to implement its various task, project, policies
and programme. To achieve all these finance is required.
Funds is usually scarce or inadequate, to be prosperous
therefore, the government must put in serious effort to raise or generate money
economically and use it judiciously. These are two (2) Sources of public
finance which are: Internal and External Sources. Public Finance includes Four
(4) major decisions which are (a) Public Revenue (b) Public expenditure (c)
Public debt (d) Physical administration.
However, due to the inadequate of finance to the
government there is need for us to talk on the management of public finance or
financial management. Financial management can therefore be define as the
process of planning and controlling of financial resources of a firm, it
includes the firms acquisition, allocation and management of firms financial
resources (Kehinde and Abiola, 2005:2) Public Financial management according to
M.P Sharman can be define as that which is to make funds available for the
government activities and to ensure the lawful efficient utilization of funds.
History
of Lagos - State:
Lagos State was created on May 27th 1967 by the State
(creation and transitional provision) Decree 14 of 1967 which carved out of the
prevailing four (4) regions, 12 States. The state however, took off as an
administrative entity on May 1st 1968, following the enactment of the
administrative divisions (establishment) edict No3 of April 1968. Its jurisdiction
comprises of the city of Lagos and the four (4) administrative divisions from
the then colony province of Ikeja, Ikorodu, Epe and Badagry. Lagos State
occupies an area of 358.861 hectares or 3.577sq km. Lagos State is the smallest
in the federation.
The
Lagos State Public Services:
The public services refer to all organization that exist
as part of government machinery for the implementation of policies and
programmes and delivery of services to meet the need of the citizens. The Civil
service is define as the body of men and woman employed in a capacity and non
-political career basis by the federal and State government primarily to render
advice and faithfully give effect to their decision (Bamgbose, 2005: 105). The
public service, local government service is the largest in the federation and
under the present dispensation, it is made up of 23 ministries, 4 commission,
48 boards and parastatal organization. The number of public servant is 95, 849
i.e. Local governments - 20.000: Primary school -28,121: Non - Teaching -10,361
and civil servant -47 361. The Public service comprises crops of public
effective implementation of government policies.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Finance plays an important role in the running of the
Government business and it is the therefore faced by various setbacks, part of
which will be identified in the study.
Revenue
Allocation
A key problem is that of revenue allocation, since 1970
have been driven largely by political consideration and by formular factors
such as jurisdictional population and by state equality rather than factors
associated with economic development imperatives (Adedotun, 1991:103).
Tax Evasion
Tax according to (Idowu, 2004:52) is levy imposed on
persons, corporate bodies, goods and services, it is a source of revenue to the
government which it uses in discharging its responsibilities. Tax evasion
therefore refers to the situation whereby persons, corporate bodies do not
conform to paying their levies, that is to say refusal to pay their taxes. This
is a major problem affecting finance in any government.
Corruption
This remains an endemic disease in the public service,
there is no sector that is exonerated.
It is so serious that Nigeria has been regarded as the most corrupt country in
the world twice by the transparency international. Corruption being a socio
economic and political scourge that has eaten deep into the fabric of the
society and public service, it has arrested development in the state and made
public service a second priority, and it is affecting the revenue generation
process as the money allocated are used for the leaders selfish interest and
contracts are awarded to incompetent contractors as a result of the bribe they
have received.
The usage of manual procedures in carrying out the
business and the accounting of the government makes the work slow, cumbersome,
error prone and inefficient.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main aim of this research study is to test the effect
of finance on the public administration of Lagos State and the objectives are:
Ø To examine the effects of finance on the social and
economic wellbeing of the people of Lagos - State.
Ø To examine the impact of finance, as a tool for the
effective propagation, execution and implementation of project, policies and
programme of the Lagos State Government.
Ø To examine the impact of finance on manpower training and
development in Lagos State government.
1.4 HYPOTHESES
It is important to put some assumption and proposition to
support In view of the analysis intended in this research work to have a
logical and empirical conclusion on the effect of finance in the public
administration of Lagos - State.
In other words, the following hypotheses will be tested.
(a) H0 = That tax evasion can hinder the generation of
revenue.
H1= That Tax
evasion cannot hinder the generation of revenue.
(b) H0`= That
the inadequate allocation of funds can have negative effect on the finance of
Lagos state.
H1 = That the inadequate allocation of funds
cannot have negative effect on the finance of Lagos state.
(c) H0`= That
corruption can hinder the generation of revenue In Lagos state government.
H1 = That corruption cannot hinder the
generation of revenue in Lagos state government.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study is expected to contribute to the existing stock
of knowledge particularly related to those in relations to the management of
funds.
This study shall extend to the frontiers of public
administration as to modify and perfect the policy used in allocation of
finance and to enlighten the populace of Lagos state, student and civil servant
on the importance of finance and how it helps in the improvement of citizens
standard of living.
1.6 SCOPE
AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The basic premise on which this study is based IS that public administration of Lagos state
is dependant on finance and how finance affect performance level in Lagos state
government. The study will be restricted to Lagos state.
Furthermore, there would be limitation due to cost of
research time lapse, lack of enthusiasm of respondent and other environment
constraints.
1.7 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Public
Administration: Public administration can be defined as the activities
business and the study of these activities.
Finance: this is the financing of government economic activities
which deals with the financial operation and financial development of the
government,
Public
Financial Management: this is the management and control of public money i.e.
how money in the government pocket is generated, disbursed and monitored so as
to ensure its efficient and effective utilization. Public financial management
as that which consist of these operation, the object of which is to make funds
available for the government activities and to ensure the lawful and efficient
utilization of funds.
Corruption: This is the perversion of integrity or state of affairs
through bribery, favour, or moral depravity. It involves the injection of
additional but improper transaction aimed at changing the normal course of
event and altering judgment and position of trust.
Public
Revenue: This is defined as
the funds generated by the government and how they are gotten and used for the
implementing its activities
Public
Expenditure: this is defined as the
expense or cost incurred by government for the maintenance of its activities,
the economy and the society.
Public
Debt: This can be said to be a term used to define obligation
of government to pay a stated sum of money to debt security holders at some
future time. It is the liability of the government and also be called national
debt.
Mis
- Appropriation: This is defined as
the fraudulent taking of funds from the government coffer and not being able to
account for its expenses.
1.8 ORGANIZATION
OF THE STUDY
The chapter one of this research study will focus on the
introduction of the concept and a general overview of the project.
The chapter two will focus on literature reviver,
theoretical frame work, empirical study, importance of finance in the Lagos
state government.
The chapter three will focus on the method i.e. the
research methodology that would be used in carrying out the research thought
the survey method, the use of questionnaire and interviews.
The chapter four will focus on the analysis of data
collected from the field by the researcher.
The chapter five would give conclusion and recommendation
on the subject matter and what needs to be done in enhancing the effectiveness
of finance in the public administration of Lagos - State government.
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