TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
Statement
of the Problem
Purpose
of the Study
Research
Questions
Research
Hypotheses
Scope of the Study
Significance
of the Study
Definition
of Operational Terminology
CHAPTER
TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Introduction
Causes for the Increasing Rate of Divorce
Post Divorce Life
Intervention for Better Adjustment of
Divorced Persons
The Short-Term Effects of Divorce on Students
Long-Term Effects of Divorce on Students
Appraisal of the Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Population, Sample and Sampling Techniques
Validation of the Research Instrument
Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Summary of the
Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Discussion of Results
Recommendations
Suggestions for Further Studies
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
Divorce is legal
dissolution of marriage bond. Once the couple decide to divorce, they are free
to remarry. In Nigeria, there has been the increase in the rate of divorce.
There are two factors influencing the rising divorce rates in the Nigeria. The
first factor is both men and women are relying less on one another for economic
survival. As women gain status in their workplace or on their businesses, they
often want to stand on their own and prefer to control their lives’ affair
which enable them to be less dependent on their husbands, the heads of
household. Women who are gainfully employed and self-sufficient may be more
willing to dissolve a marriage because they are not perceived as a financially
dependent spouse. Financial stability allows for the female head of household
to have more flexibility to exit a broken marriage. Secondly, when both male
and female parents gain political status in the society, one seems to be
superior over the other due to political gain. They seem not to have chance to
look after the family, especially the female ones who are more likely to be the
victims of divorce (Akanbi, 2014).
Divorce, therefore,
can be defined to be a personal misfortune for either of the spouse in any
society, but is a universal escape for the inevitable tension of marriage,
divorce as a matter of fact is a strong bound that breach two united individuals
or family. This bond dissolution is as a result of extra-marital practice by
the partners in early marriage, a situation where either the spouse is not ripe
enough for marriage before getting married. Divorce may not only mean
the end of living together between a man and a woman but also breeds
instability in the society such as problem of delinquent children and some
other complete cities, one increases in the rate of suicide, drunkenness,
promiscuity and so on. These problems affect the socio-economic and
political life of any society coupled with the child’s academic achievement.
Divorce is an
unplanned event in a family's life. It is something that affects each member of
a family at different times and in different ways. About half of all marriages
will end in divorce, leaving one million children each year to deal with the
process of divorce (Martin, 2013).
Divorce rates in the
United States rose since the Civil war, decreased during the Great Depression
while peaking in 1980, and have remained around fifty percent since then. Most
importantly and publicized aspects of divorce is the effects on children of
such parents since the divorce rate itself has risen dramatically. The
actual number of children affected has correspondingly reached a staggering
proportion. Some of them turn out to become robbers, thieves and
notorious when they experience hardship. All these constitute unhealthy
social atmosphere in the society, hence the retard progress of the nation in
all realms since they serve as log in the wheel of progress (Lazar et al. 2015).
The home forms the basis of personality development which accompanies
the individual throughout his/her life. As a result of broken home or divorce
children fail to develop ties to one or few important persons in the family and
when these ties are disrupted, the children are taught impaired relationship in
adulthood; they feel better and caring as a happy person and at the same cannot
concentrate on anything taught at school. When a mother is out of a home,
leaving the children under charity and mercy of step mothers, these children
are prone to many problems such as poor feeding, negligence not inspired to
study or learn, diseases, sickness and emotional disturbances (Adewole, 2012).
Students under emotional heartache and stress at home often have
emotions that interfere with their concentration during the school day. Poor
school performance often agitates the parent and the dominos continue to fall
as the student loses self confidence and experiences decreased performance in
school. Students may have a difficult time concentrating on school work from
divorce-related stress occurring at home. Students may face unique challenges of
completing homeworks, assignments when organizing their homework, backpack, and
paperwork between multiple homes. Students may lose confidence, blame
themselves for the break-up, and see their parent's separation or divorce in a
complicated way. The range of feelings that a student may encounter include:
disbelief and denial, sadness, loss, loneliness, depression, anger, anxiety,
fear, relief, and hope. Response to these feelings often results in different
levels of intensity. While some students may experience mild anxiety and
sadness, others may feel more intense emotions (Smith, 2012).
According to
Hertherington in Hargreaves, (2013), students display problems during a variety
of stages of family deterioration including times during this alteration
period, either before parental separation, or directly subsequent to a parental
separation. Students will sometimes experience delayed stress responses
occurring years after a divorce in a form of post-traumatic stress (Hargreaves,
1991).One-third of school age-students in the selected schools in Ede North
Local Government Area experience changes in family dynamics that show up in the
school setting. Indicators such as depression, decline in academic achievement,
poor attendance, loss of confidence, and disorganization may signal adjustment
issues pertaining to divorce in a student's home.
Statement
of the Problem
Divorce in our society
today has given rise to problems of various dimensions. They include
growth of indiscipline and lawlessness in our society, armed robbery, thieves,
drug abuse and addiction, sex abuse, the indiscriminate behaviour such as
branchiness in school, pick-pocketing, lying, examination malpractices and
disrespect to constituted authority. There are many problems with single parenting or broken homes which at
the long run reflect on the performance of students in schools. Some of these
problems are:
i.
Meeting
of a gap on the students’ existence because there is no adult to guide and
direct their behaviour and desires as children learn by imitation.
ii.
There is
increase in domestic work and redistribution of household chores, which leaves
the students with little or no time for their studies.
iii.
Also, it
has been observed that children from broken homes suffer some other problems
such as non-provision of some basic material needs like non-provision of some
basic materials needs like food, clothing and learning material.
iv.
In
security, step parent do not show much love and affection to their step
children. Thus, these children suffer from mental retardation, personality
improvement and are always miserable. They show behavioral responses like
lying, stealing, building and playing truant in school.
Purpose
of the Study
The main purpose of this study is to examine
the effects of marriage divorce on academic performance of Islamic studies
students in secondary school, Ede North Local Government Area, Osun State.
Specifically,
it investigates:
1.
The
effect of marriage divorce on academic performance of Islamic Studies students
base on age.
2.
The
effect of marriage divorce on academic performance of Islamic Studies students
base on gender.
3.
The
effect of marriage divorce on academic performance of Islamic Studies students
base on family size.
Many researches have been carried
out on effect of marriage divorce and academic performance of students in
secondary schools. These include Khojastehmehr & Takrimi (1998) who wrote
on divorce factors of the divorce-seeking women in Khuzestan, Iran. The sample
consisted of 592 divorce-seeking women, selected according to a multi-stage
sampling method. A 93-item questionnaire containing reasons for divorce was
constructed based on the views of 200 divorce-seeking women and was
administered to the sample. Four factors were extracted: neglect of wife's
wishes (40 items), husband and his family's lack of social skills (33 items),
husband's social abnormalities (10 items) and husband and wife's personal and
family incompatibilities (mismatches) (10 items). The findings of the study
were immensely important including marital discord, preventive and therapy
models of divorce and preparing a valid scale for measuring factors of divorce.
Also, Thornton (1985) carried out research on attitudes regarding separation
and the effects of several social, economic, and demographic factors and
attitude changes regarding divorce in Detroit area. He studied mothers and
their children and their attitudes toward divorce and separation. He controlled
factors such as Religion and Church attendance. He gathered his data from an
intergenerational panel study of mothers and children drawn from July 1961
birth records in the Detroit area. The main findings of his research was that
increasing divorce rates were accompanied by more acceptances of divorce and
changes in people’s attitudes.
To the best knowledge of these researchers, no study has been carried
out on effects of marriage divorce on academic performance of Islamic studies
students in secondary schools Ede/North LGA Osun State. This is the gap that
this study intends to fill.
Research
Questions
The study answered the following research questions
1.
Does divorce affect academic performance of Islamic
Studies students base on age?
2.
Does divorce affect academic performance of Islamic
Studies students base on gender?
3.
Does divorce affect academic performance of Islamic
Studies students base on family size?
Research
Hypotheses
Base on the research questions, the following
hypotheses were formulated
H01: There
is no significant difference between the effect of divorce and academic
performance of Islamic studies students base on age.
H02: There
is no significant different between the effect of marriage divorce and academic
performance of Islamic studies students base on gender
H03: There
is no significant different between the effect of marriage divorce and academic
performance of Islamic studies students base on family size.
Scope of the Study
This study covered seven out of eleven secondary schools in Ede/North LGA
Area of Osun States. The schools are:
1. Muslim
Grammar School Ede
2. Mapo
– Arogun High School Ede
3. Agbale
Secondary School Ede
4. C.A.C
Grammar School Ede
5. Mapo
Government Middle High School Ede
6. Muslim
Middle High School Ede
7. Al-Fareed
College Ede
It also included Islamic
Studies teachers and students from the seven selected secondary schools
Significance
of the Study
It was hoped that the findings from this study would enrich programmes
of teaching Islamic Studies. The result of this research would aid children
from broken home to overcome and understand problems of single-parenting experienced
by their parents and give them assurance who have been thought single parenting
in the understanding of problem experienced by their parents and give them
assurance about their future.
The outcome of this study would help the educational planners
and ministry of education to device a means of helping these children to
improve in their academic achievement by organizing counseling programmes for
the victims. It would enable the parents to be aware of the effect of divorce on
the children academic performance. On educational research, it would enable researchers
identifying more that needs to be addressed relating to fragility of marriages
in recent time.
Definition
of Operational Terminology
·
Family: A group of persons, two or more related by
blood, marriage or adoption residing together; all such persons are considered
as members of one family.
·
Marriage: Union of man woman as husband and wife.
·
Couple: Two persons seen together as husband and
wife.
·
Divorce: Put an end to a marriage by law.
·
Infidelity: Disloyalty or unfaithfulness of husband or
wife sexually outside matrimonial homes.
·
Youngster: Young person or young boys
and girls yet to marry.
·
Early marriage: A
situation where either of the spouses is not ripe enough for marriage before
getting married.
·
Emotion:
Students under emotional heartache and stress
at home often have emotions that interfere with their concentration during the school
day.
·
Poor
school performance: Poor
school performance often agitates the parent and the dominos continue to fall
as the student loses self confidence and experiences decreased performance in
school.
·
Difficult
Concentration: Students
may have a difficult time concentrating on school work from divorce-related
stress occurring at home.
·
Challenges: Students may face unique challenges of
completing homework assignments when organizing their homework, backpack, and
paperwork between multiple homes.
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