Table of Contents
Title - - - - - - - - - - -
Approval - - - - - - - - - -
Declaration- - - - - - - - - -
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - -
Abstract - - - - - - - - - -
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study - - - - - - -
1.2 Statement of the Problems - - - - - -
1.3 Objectives of the Study - - - - - - -
1.4 Significance of the Study - - - - - -
1.5 Scope of the Study - - - - - - - -
1.6 Research Questions - - - - - - -
1.7 Definition of Terms - - - - - - -
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.1 The Concepts of Specification and
Standardization - - -
2.2 Objectives of Specification and
Standardization - - -
2.3 Developing an Effective Specification - - - - -
2.4 Inspection as a Mechanism for Service
Assurance - - -
2.5 Types of Inspections - - - - - - -
2.6 Defective Materials Prevention Approach - - - -
2.7 The Concept of Quality Products/Service - - - -
2.8 The Effects of Inspection on Quality
Products and Services -
CHAPTER
THREE: Research Methodology
3.1 Area of the Study - - - - - - - -
3.2 Research Design - - - - - - - -
3.3 Population of the Study - - - - - - -
3.4 Sample and Sampling Procedure - - - - -
3.5 Instrument for Data Collection - - - - - -
3.6 Administration of the Instrument - - - - -
3.7 Techniques for Analyzing Data - - - - - -
CHAPTER
FOUR: Data Presentation and Analysis
4.1 Presentation of Results - - - - - - -
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Discussions, Conclusion and
Recommendations
5.1 Summary of Procedures - - - - - - -
5.2 Discussion of Findings - - - - - - -
5.3 Implications of Findings - - - - - - -
5.4 Conclusions - - - - - - - - -
5.5 Recommendations - - - - - - - -
5.6 Suggestions for Further Study - - - - - -
Bibliography - - - - - - - -
Appendix - - - - - - - - -
CHAPTER I:
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Philip
Crosby in his book “Quality is free” summarizes the effect of inspection in the
following statement:
“A
prudent company makes certain that its products and services are delivered to
the customers by a management system that does not condone remake, repairs,
waste or non-conformance of any sort. These are expensive problems, they must
not only be detected and resolve at the earliest moment, they must be prevented
from occurring at all”.
Product
quality as a strategy for competitiveness has become the focus of going
concerns today, be it a manufacturing or a service industry. Be that as it may,
quality product or service goal in any organization will be difficult to
realize without the watchful eyes of inspection. Materials outsourced or
insourced as the case may be either as raw materials, components, spareparts or
maintenance repairs and operation items, must be subjected to thorough
examination to ensure that they are the right materials of the correct quality
according to agreed standards and specifications. This is because the slightest
deviation from standards, oversights of any defect in in-coming or insourced materials
results to numerous and serious consequences on the life of the organization.
As a result of these consequences, organizations are forced to set in place a
system to ensure that only materials of quality are allowed to come into the
organization. This is achieved always through the mechanism of inspection.
The
responsibility for inspection in an organization differs from organization to
organization depending on the nature, make up and policy of the organization in
question. The purchasing or procurement or materials department however plays
an important role because they are responsible for the sourcing of the
materials used by the organization.
Inspection
depicts the general idea and concept which signifies the ascertaining and determination
of quality or conformity of sourced materials or services to established
standards and specification. This, therefore brings to mind the fact that
inspection and quality can hardly be discussed separately without reference to
one. It is a major tool for the determination of quality. This study therefore,
shall focus on specification, standardization, inspection and quality control
and assurance.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Oversights and deviation from standard for supplied materials due to the
inability of organizations to closely inspect these materials remains the bane
of most government agencies and parastatals failure. These problems are further
exacerbated by the overall management approaches and attitudes to these issues.
These has resulted to continued accurate and epileptic power supply in the
state which are often blamed on the failure of installed equipments such as
transformers and cables.
The choice of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) Kaduna is to examine the
issue arising from these. The question that is asked is; what measures are put
in place in the organization to determine the needs for materials and
specifications? Again, what mechanisms are put in place by the organization to
ensure that purchased or outsourced equipment and materials are properly
inspected for quality?
1.3 Objective of the Study
Because of the effect of substandard materials allowed
into the organization on the quality of services rendered by the organization,
the major objective of the study is built around the determination of the
effectiveness of the inspection programs employed by the organization.
The study is therefore, aimed at:
i)
To determine if
inspection is carried out.
ii)
To determine how
specification is communicated to suppliers.
iii)
To determine how substandard
materials are treated.
iv)
To determine the
method(s) of inspection.
v)
To determine the
effectiveness of the procedure.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The
significance of this study is enormous. First, the researcher will be the first
beneficiary as it is a prerequisite requirement in partial fulfillment for the
award of Higher National Diploma [HND] in the Department of Purchasing and
Supply Management, Kaduna Polytechnic, without which the researcher cannot
graduate.
Secondly,
it will serve as a store of knowledge and guide for which future researchers
can consult. Students will also benefit as it will help to expand their scope
of knowledge.
It
will also benefit the organization understudied, as they can utilize it to
improve or ensure that defective materials, substandard materials do not enter
the production process.
Finally,
the general public will also gain from its depth to utilize against purchases
or orders they will place from time to time since everyone buys one material,
product or components or parts at times.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The focus of this research work is on the effect of
inspection on the quality of services in Power Holding Company of Nigeria
(PHCN), Kaduna, located in the heart of Kaduna, along Ahmadu Bello Way,
Central Area Kaduna. The periods of 2009-2012 were considered and concern was
given to the Material Management (Purchasing and Store), quality control and
the inspection departments of the organization.
1.6 Research Questions
i)
Where in the
organization are material supplied inspected?
ii)
How are materials
required specified ?
iii)
How are
substandard materials treated?
iv)
What are the
methods of inspection?
v)
How effective is
the inspection procedure?
1.7 Definition of Terms
Ø
Supplier: This means a company an organization or an individual
that can agree to supply or release goods or services to a buying organization.
Ø
Vendor: This is another term for a supplier.
Ø
Material: Anything that can be offered to the market for
attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy needs.
Ø
Specification: This is a detailed description of materials needed
from a supplier, which the supplied item must conform to.
Ø
Standardization: This is the process of formulating and applying rules
for an orderly approach to a specific activity.
Ø
Standard: A standard is the result of a particular
standardization effort approved by a recognized authority.
Ø
Defect: A defect is where a component does not meet its
requirement or specification and needs to be replaced or repaired.
Ø
Quality: This is the degree to which a set of inherent
characteristics fulfill requirements.
Ø
Inspection: This is the examination of a work product or service
or materials to determine whether it conform to standards or not.
Ø
Organization: This is defined in this context as a set of processes.
Ø
Productivity: This means efficient utilization of available
resources at economic cost.
Ø
Buyer: This is a person who acquires goods at a particular
price without due consideration to the technicalities involved, but rather
acquires what he wants.
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