ABSTRACT
The study examined the consumer perception toward online shopping (A study of Jumia online).. The study was carried out in Eco bank, Plc. The specific objectives were to analyzed the effect of merger and acquisition on return on asset of the selected bank, to determine the effect of merger and acquisition on return on equity of the selected bank and to determine the effect of merger and acquisition on return on investment of the selected bank. Secondary data was used for the study and the data was sourced from the financial statement of Eco bank Plc. The data covered from 2000 to 2015. The econometric tools used for the analysis was regression analysis. The results indicated that Merger and acquisition has a positive and insignificant impact on return on asset, Merger and acquisition has a positive and insignificant impact on return on equity and Merger and acquisition has a positive and insignificant impact on return on Investment. It was recommended that the apex bank should also implement policies that will stop mangers of commercial banks in country in loaning money to their relative which have undermined the whole exercises of merger and acquisition in the country.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iii
Declaration iv
Certification v
Table of Content vi
List of Tables vii
Abstract viii
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study - - - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - - 4
1.3 Objective of the Study - - - - - - - - 5
1.4 Research Questions - - - - - - - - - 6
1.5 Research Hypothesis - - - - - - - - - 6
1.6 Significance of the Study - - - - - - - - 7
1.7 Scope of the Study - - - - - - - - - 7
1.8 Limitations of the Study - - - - - - - - 7
1.9 Definition of Terms - - - - - - - - - 8
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Conceptual Framework -- - - - - - - - 10
2.1.1 Types of Merger and Acquisition - - - - - - - 13
2.1.2
Modalities of Merger - - - - - - - - 15
2.1.3 Benefits of merger and acquisition
- - - - - - 16
2.1.4
Relevance of Merger and Acquisition on Net Profit Margin - - - 21
2.1.5 Stages in Mergers and Acquisitions
- - - - - - 22
2.1.6 Mergers and Acquisition Events in
the Nigerian Banking Industry - - 24
2.1.7 Value propositions of the mergers
and acquisitions - - - - 26
2.1.8 Stages of Approval for Mergers and
Acquisitions - - - - 26
2.1.8Facts that aids the Processing Applications
of Mergers and Acquisitions - 28
2.2 Theoretical framework - - - - - - - - 30
2.2.1 The Value increasing theory - - - - - - - 30
2.2.2 Theory of Synergy - - - - - - - - - 31
2.2.3 Concentration Theory -- - - - - - - - 32
2.2.4 The Value-Increasing Theories - - - - - - - 34
2.3
Empirical Review - - - - - - - - - 35
CHAPTER THREE
Research
Methodology
3.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - 40
3.1 Research Design - - - - - - - - - 40
3.2 Area of the Study - - - - - - - - - 40
3.3. Types and Source of Data - - - - - - - - 42
3.4 Data Analysis Technique - - - - - - - - 42
3.5 Model Specification - - - - - - - - - 42
CHAPTER FOUR
Data
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Result
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis - - - - - - - 44
4.2 Trend Analysis - - - - - - - - - - 45
4.2 Test
of Hypothesis one - - - - - - - - 47
4.3 Test
of Hypothesis two - - - - - - - - 48
4.3 Test of Hypothesis three - - - - - - - - 50
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary of
Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Summary
of Findings - - - - - - - - 53
5.2.1 Conclusion
- - - - - - - - - - 53
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - - - 53
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the study
The
history of online shopping can be traced to Michael
Aldrich an English entrepreneur invented
online shopping in 1979. His system connected a modified domestic TV to a
real-time transaction processing computer via a domestic telephone line. He
believed that videotext, the modified domestic TV technology with a simple
menu-driven human–computer interface, was a 'new, universally applicable,
participative communication medium the first since the invention of the
telephone. Thereafter, subsequent technological innovations emerged in
1994: online banking, the opening of an online pizza shop by Pizza Hut,
Netscape's SSL v2 encryption standard for secure data transfer, and Intershop’s
first online shopping system. Immediately after, Amazon.com launched its online
shopping site in 1995 and eBay was also introduced in 1995. Immediately after,
Amazon.com launched its online shopping site in 1995 and eBay was also
introduced in 1995(Belkhamza, 2013).
Recently
the use of the internet has created opportunities for firms to stay competitive
by providing customers with a convenient, faster and cheaper way to make
purchases online. Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows
consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet
using a web browser without having direct contact with the buyer as it allows a
good number of customers to purchase goods by placing other and making payment
with personal contact (Dele, 2013). Nowadays, online shopping has become
popular among people, because of its flexibility, comfortability, convenience
and speedy rate in purchasing large and small amount of goods.
Also,
the important of online shopping cannot be over emphasized as more and more
persons are gravitating towards more intensive use of it, as such the
accessibility of technology, the availability of information, and the ability
to interact through the Internet increase and evolve on a day to day basis
(Laurance, 2011). One among the obvious capabilities of the Internet include
avenues for gathering information, purchasing products, or rendering services online,
These features allow for the expansion of shopping options beyond traditional
methods that may be more time consuming. Issues with having to physically
gather information with offline shopping methods are alleviated and customers
are better able to efficiently use their time. For instance, instead of having
to physically visit different stores to compare prices or rely on circular
pamphlets in newspapers, a consumer is able to search and retrieve needed
information through the Internet.
The
internet explosion has opened the doors to a new electronic world. Consumers
are now able to use the internet for a variety of purposes such as research,
communication, online banking, and even shopping. With such advantages, the
internet is rapidly becoming the main method of communication and of conducting
business conveniently. With a growing number of households turning towards the
internet and the world of e-commerce to shop, invest, make payments, and do
online banking, new technological advancements will have to come about to make
these transactions secure (Davis, 2013)
However, not all consumers are participating
in online transactions as part of the Internet boom. As more and more
businesses continue to establish an online presence, they are finding that some
consumers are still reluctant to shift in that same direction. For various
consumers there are still concerns with security and passing personal data over
the Internet. There is a disparity between the number of consumers who visit a
site and the number of actual purchases being made. Despite the millions of
people who use the internet every day and visit various shopping sites, the
number of consumers who do not abandon their shopping carts but actually
complete a purchase averages to only about three percent. This leaves a large
portion of the internet population as non-participants in online transactions
as compared to those who fully complete transactions online and make purchases.
Instead, these non-participants may abandon the purchase completely or fulfill
the transaction in an offline setting. As such, it is important for online
businesses or offline businesses interested in venturing into the online market
to understand their consumers’ perceptions, online and offline, and what
factors influence their shopping decisions. With better understanding of what
factors play into consumer decision making in making transactions online or
offline, retailers and businesses can be better gear themselves to serving
their customers in either of the shopping venues.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The quest to diversify online shopping and make know
internet trading all around the world most especially in Nigeria has increase
online businesses and usage of the internet to do business as majority of the
Nigeria populace mostly the millennia called generation Y and X consider this
medium not only convenience to buy a product online but also easier, accessible
and reliable as well as faster to purchase and trade over the internet.
However, most of the factors that limit online are shopping insecurity,
poor network; wrong product characteristics, previous online shopping
experiences, and distrust in online trading still constitute problems in online
shopping in Nigeria.
Furthermore, It is assume
larger population in lack access to the internet facilities to the tune of
about 16.1% of the total populations and less than 1% of the populace
are broadband internet subscribers. This
is evident that only a fraction of the population uses the internet for online
shopping and business transaction and even those who access it regularly do so
through numerous cybercafés scattered all over urban parts of the country.
However, due to the public nature of these cybercafés, the internet user have
not being comfortable carrying out ecommerce activities and important business
transaction due to lack of privacy, security and network reliability issues, as
such this has negatively affected online shopping trends in the country.
Moreover, another factors affecting online shopping in Nigeria is lack of a
nationally acceptable payment method for online goods and services because of
low level of e-Payment infrastructure in the country which serves as a
hindrance to public participation in e-commerce.
Consequently,
most people who shop online do so from foreign online vendors like Amazon and
EBay because of limited and incredible online vendors in Nigeria as such
shopping from these foreign vendors has been discouraging due to high shipping
costs and most orders not being given smart attention because Nigeria has been
negatively reputed for years as one of the world’s most corrupt countries
engaging in wide scale internet fraud. More so, most online vendors are wary
when dealing with orders from Nigeria for fear of fraud, it may be that few
online dealers that exist do not have a structured way of presenting
information (product categories) to users and besides, they offered little
assistance in helping customers find appropriate products online. This makes it
difficult for customers to use their websites for online shopping purposes and
this could be the reason why most Nigerian companies with online presence had
minimal commercial activities taking place.
Finally,
only a fraction of the Nigerian populace engages in online shopping since most
people would rather engage in face-to-face transactions than go through the
rigors associated with online shopping. The study therefore seek to empirically
determine consumers perception towards online shopping in Nigeria.
1.3
Objective
of the study
The
broad objective of the study is to determine consumer perception toward online
shopping (A study of Jumia online). The specific objectives are to:
i.
determine the effect of
online shopping on performance of Jumia
Nigeria.
ii.
determine factors
affecting customer shopping
in Jumia online in Nigeria
iii.
ascertain consumer
perception toward online shopping of Jumia online product in Nigeria
iv.
examine strategy adopted
by Jumia online to increase online patronage by customers in Nigeria
1.4 Research
Questions
1.What
are the effect of online shopping on performance of Jumia Nigeria?
2.What
are the factors affecting customers
shopping in Jumia online in Nigeria?
3.What
are consumer perception toward online
shopping of Jumia online product in Nigeria?
4.What
are strategy adopted by Jumia online to increase online patronage by customers
in Nigeria ?
1.6. Research Hypotheses
The
following hypothesis will be stated in null form
H01:
Online shopping has no significant effect
on the performance of Jumia Nigeria
H02:
Price of product, service quality,
shopping experience has no significant effect
on shopping of Jumia online product in Nigeria
1.6. Significance of the
Study
This
study will be of immense benefits to the
following group;
Management:
Management of JumiaOnline will benefit from this work in that it will assist
them in knowing the need of customers and how to carry out online marketing
appropriately.
Customers:
Customers will gain immensely from the study. This is because it will provide
information on the product that are in the market for sale, it will enable
customers to make quicker sale of the product, also gain profit at the end and
feedback.
Policy Makers:
The study will help policy makers in making policy that will assist them in
regulating the activities of online marketing and this will help to
reduce the activities of fualters in the net.
Researchers and students: Researchers and students
interested in a similar field of study in future will find this work useful
conceptual guide and reference material.
1.7 Scope of the study.
The
research work will focuses on consumer perception toward online shopping. The
study will be carried out in Jumia online. It will alsodetermine the effect of online shopping
on performance of Jumia Nigeria, it will
explore the factors affecting customer shopping
in Jumia online in Nigeria, it
will also examine consumer perception toward online shopping of Jumia online
product in Nigeria and it will finally examine strategy adopted by Jumia online
to increase online patronage by customers in Nigeria.
1.8 Limitation of the
study
The
major limitations of the research work will be
time constraint as the researcher combines the research work with the
other academic activities required for the award of (B.SC), thus, there will be little or no time left, especially with the
short duration of the semester.
The
work is also will be limited by data constraint as the researcher
could not get data in some variable listed for the work.
1.9. Definitions of terms
Advertising:
This
can be defined as any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of
ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor in the Radio Television or
cinema
Consumer:
One
who buys and uses goods and services to satisfy personal or household ants or
for resale.
Consumer Goods:
This
can be defined as goods destined for use by the infinite consumer or a
household.
Competitors:
These
are business rival usually in charge of sales who sell or persuade buyers to
buy the company’s products or service who are controlled by the national or
regional sales manager.
Dealers:
Middlemen
in distribution channels who buy goods in order to resell them, but not always
to the general public. This is general synonymous with retailers but it is
often referred to the large distributors.
Marketing:
This
is management function that is concerned with the identification anticipation
and satisfaction of customer wants. It organises and directs all the business
activities involved in accessing and converting consumer purchasing power into effect demand for a specific product or
service and in moving the product or service to the final consumer to achieve
the profit target get by the organization.
Marketing communication:
Conveying
of information from the marketing to the market with the aim of creating
awareness and obtaining favourable attitude toward the company and its products
or service.
Marketing mix:
This
is a concept of marketing strategy which is based on product, price promotion,
distribution, processing and pack gaining in an integrated marketing programme.
Personal selling:
The process of making oral commercial
representation during a buying / seller interview situation. This is
collegially referred to as face to face selling or known as buyer / seller
interface
Public relations:
This
is conscious effort to improve and mention a good corporate image and
relationship with pubic and employee and customers, shareholders, local
communities, trade union etc.
Promotional mix:
This
is the set tool used by manufacturers to persuade consumption habit. They are
advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, publicity and public relations.
Online shopping
Online
shopping is the process of buying goods and services from merchants who sell on
the Internet. Since the emergence of the World Wide Web, merchants have sought
to sell their products to people who surf the Internet
Sales Promotion:
This
can be defined as the use of short term incentives periodically to stimulate or
encourage consumers to buy product
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