ABSTRACT
The surface of human body were Scrubs
with moistened swab stick, these was used to streaked the surface of prepared
nutrient agar for bacterial growth and incubated at an appropriate temperature.
The bacterial isolated were identified to be Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogene and Klebsiella aurogene.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
TITLE
PAGE I
CERTIFICATION
II
DEDICATION III
ACKNOWLEDGMENT IV
TABLE
OF CONTENTS V
ABSTRACT
VI
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 LITERATURE
REVIEW 2
– 6
2.1 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY 6
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 MATERIALS
AND METHODS 7
3.1 MATERIALS
USED 7
3.2 STERILIZATION
OF MATERIALS 7
3.3 COLLECTION
OF SAMPLES 7
3.4 PREPARATION
OF CULTURE MEDIA 7
3.5 INOCULATION
OF MEDIA 8
3.6 SUB-CULTURING
OF MICROBIAL GROWTH 8
3.7 MAINTENANCE
OF PURE CULTURE 8
3.8 CHARACTERIZATION
OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES 8
3.9.0 GRAM
STAINING 8
– 9
3.9.1 CAPSULES
STAINING AND SPORE STAINING 9
3.9.2 COAGULASE
TEST 9
3.9.3 CATALASE
TEST 9
3.9.4 OXIDASE
TEST 10
3.9.5 SUGAR
FERMENTATION 10
3.9.6 MOTILITY
TEST 10
3.9.7 IDENTIFICATION
OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES 10
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION 11
– 13
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION
AND RECOMMENDATION 14
– 15
REFERENCES 16
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A diverse microbial flora is associated
with the skin and mucous membrane of every human being from shortly after birth
until death. The human body which contains about 1013 cells routinely harbors
about 1014 bacteria. This bacterial population constitutes the normal microbial
flora. The normal microbial flora is relatively stable with specific genera
populating various body regions during particular periods in an individual’s
life. Tannock (1995).
Microorganisms of the normal flora may
aid the host [By competing for micro-environment more effectively than such pathogens
Salmonella Spp or by producing
nutrients that the host can use. It may harm the host by causing dental caries,
abscesses or other infectious diseases or it may exist as commercials by
inhabiting the host for long periods without causing detectable harm or
benefits. Even though most elements of the normal microbial flora inhabiting
the human skin, nails, eyes, genitalia and gastrointestinal tract are harmless
in healthy individuals, these organisms frequently cause disease in compromised
hosts.
The normal flora in human usually
develops in an orderly sequence, after birth leading to the stable populations
of bacteria that made up the normal adult flora. The main factor determining
the composition of the normal flora in a body region is the nature of the local
environment which is determined by pH, temperature, redox potential, oxygen,
water and nutrient levels. Other factors such as peristalsis, saliva hysozyme
secretion and secretion of immunoglobulin also play roles in flora control. The
local environment is like a concern to in which one principal instrument
usually dominates. For example, an infact begins to contact organisms as it
moves through the birth canal. A gram positive population [Bifido bacteria]
predominates in the gastrointestinal tract early in life. If the infant is
breast-fed. This bacterial population is reduced and displaced some what by a
gram negative flora [Entero bacteriaceae] when the baby is bottle
feel. The type of liquid diet provided to the infant is the principal
instrument of this flora controls, immunoglobulins and perhaps other element is
breast milk may also be important.
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