ASSESSMENT OF NON-COMPLIANCE OF COVID-19 VACCINATION AMONG PEOPLE RESIDING IN GWARAM LOCAL GOVERNMENT JIGAWA STATE

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Product Code: 00008522

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ABSTRACT

The novel coronavirus disease 2019(covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 was first discovered in wuhan animal market Hubei Province,China in December 2019(worldometer 2022).This study aimed to determine the non-compliance of covid-19 vaccination in Gwaram local government. The research developed the questionnaire in several stages. The structure questionnaire was determine the sample population of people are residing in Gwaram local government Jigawa state. The questionnaire comprised sections on the demographic characteristics of the respondents (independent variable). All the demographic variables had significant association with the respondents’ intent to accept covid-19 vaccine when provided. Acceptance was higher among female respondents within the age group of 21-30 years. Also, acceptance was higher among married respondents who had and who obtained had secondary school as their highest level of education. Findings of this research revealed that almost all the participants are with lower educational qualification (primary certificates). The percentage covered of non-compliance in covid-19 vaccine was observed among different subgroups based on the educational level in the Gwaram local government more than half of the studies reported acceptance rate below 94.1% and this covid-19 negatively impact efforts to control the current covid-19 pandemic.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page

Title Page…………………………………………………………………………………….. i

Declaration .............................................................................................................................. ii

Approval page......................................................................................................................... iii

Dedication................................................................................................................................ iv

Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................... v

Abstract.................................................................................................................................... vi

Table of content...................................................................................................................... vii

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of the study.................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Justification of the research............................................................................................... 2

1.3 Statement of the research problem..................................................................................... 3

1.4 Significance of the study.................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Scope and Limitation.......................................................................................................... 3

1.6 Aim and Objective.............................................................................................................. 4

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Covid-19 vaccination........................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Covid-19 vaccine Hesitancy in Nigeria............................................................................... 6

2.3 Covid-19 Vaccine Barriers................................................................................................... 6

2.4 Factors Influencing Vaccine Acceptance............................................................................. 7

2.5 Psychological Factors of Vaccine Hesitance........................................................................ 8

2.6 Social and cultural influences of Vaccine Hesitancy........................................................... 9

2.7 Covid-19 vaccination coverage........................................................................................... 10

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHOD

3.1 Study Area........................................................................................................................... 11

3.2 Study design and sampling techniques................................................................................ 11

3.3 Sample size estimation......................................................................................................... 12

3.4 Method of data collection……………………………………………................................. 12

3.5 Data Analysis........................................................................................................................ 12

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Result.................................................................................................................................... 13

4.2 Discussion............................................................................................................................. 16

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................... 18

5.2 Recommendation................................................................................................................ 18

References.......................................................................................................................... 19

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1Back ground of the study

COVID-19, also known as coronavirus disease 2019, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (world Health organization 2022). It was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019 and has since spread globally, resulting in a pandemic(world Health organization,2021). The virus is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes, making close contact with an infected individual a significant risk factor for transmission. It can also spread by touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus and then touching the face, particularly the mouth, nose, or eyes(Altmann et'al 2020). The symptoms of COVID-19 can range from mild to severe and may include fever, cough, difficulty breathing, fatigue, body aches, sore throat, and loss of taste or smell. In severe cases, the disease can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), organ failure, and even death, especially among older adults and those with underlying health conditions. To control the spread of COVID-19, various preventive measures have been implemented worldwide, including social distancing, wearing face masks, frequent hand washing, and travel restrictions. Testing and contact tracing have also played crucial roles in identifying and isolating infected individuals. In addition, the development and distribution of vaccines have been instrumental in reducing the severity and impact of the disease (Khubchandani et'al 2021). The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching consequences on public health, economies, and societies around the world. It has led to millions of confirmed cases and deaths, overwhelmed healthcare systems, disrupted global supply chains, caused widespread job losses, and posed mental health challenges for many individuals.

Efforts are ongoing globally to combat the spread of COVID-19 through widespread vaccination campaigns, continued testing and surveillance, and the development of effective treatments. The situation surrounding the pandemic continues to evolve, and it is crucial to stay informed and follow recommended guidelines from health authorities to protect oneself and other (Altmann et'al 2020).

1.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH

Covid-19 vaccination has been a critical milestone in combatting the global pandemic (world health organization 2019).With emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its rapid spread, governments and health organizations worldwide have prioritized the development and deployment of effective vaccines to prevent infection, reduce severe illness, and ultimately, control the transmission of the virus.(MacDonald NE 2015) COVID-19 vaccination efforts have followed an unprecedented pace, with vaccine candidates being developed, tested, and authorized for emergency use in record time.(Reno et'al 2021)Various vaccines, have shown high efficacy rates in clinical trials, providing hope for ending the devastating impact of the pandemic (Harapan et'al 2022). The introduction of COVID-19 vaccination has not been without challenges. Those challenges are mistrust in vaccines due to historical events, concerns about the safety and efficacy of novel vaccines, misinformation, and cultural or religious beliefs. To ensure the successful implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programs, it is essential to address these challenges and promote vaccine acceptance and uptake. This requires effective communication strategies, accessibility of vaccines to all segments of the population, and targeted efforts to address vaccine hesitancy and dispel misinformation (Iliyasu et'al 2021). This research is aim to determine the non-compliance of COVID-19 vaccination in Gwaram Local Government Jigawa State. This study will provide baseline data on the percentage cover of vaccination in the area under study. Equally it may improve the vaccination rates.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

The statement problem regarding the non-compliance of COVID-19 vaccination among people residing in Gwaram Local Government is a Factors contributing to this problem include widespread vaccine hesitancy, fueled by distrust of the government and healthcare system, concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy, the influence of misinformation and conspiracy theories, religious beliefs, and cultural practices. Insufficient and ineffective awareness campaigns coupled with a lack of access to accurate information exacerbate the issue, particularly in rural areas and underserved communities.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this research is to assess the non-compliance of covid-19 vaccination in Gwaram Local Government, it is essential to conduct targeted research and engage with the local community, and implement strategies to promote vaccine education, address concerns, and enhance vaccine access. This can help mitigate the spread of COVID-19, protect vulnerable populations, and contribute to the overall health and well-being of the residents in Gwaram Local Government. This study can contribute to improving vaccination rates and promoting public health in the local government area.

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study focused on empirical time series analysis covering from 2019 to 2022.

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