ABSTRACT
The
research was carried out on the assessment of malnutrition among children
0-5years in Madobi Primary Health Centre, Dutse Local Government, Jigawa State.
The instrument used Dutse for obtained data is written questionnaire which the
researcher distributed to nursing mothers attending immunization units,
outpatient department (OPD) and antenatal clinic of Madobi PHC, Dutse Local
Government Area, Jigawa state. The method of data analysis by the researcher
from the returned questionnaire were analyzed through simple percentage i.e the
number of frequencies divided by total number of frequencies multiplies by
hundred. Based on finding the researcher will like to do some recommendations
in order to improve the quality of care given to children with malnutrition
which include: based on equipment, recommended the government should post
enough staffs in order to support the existing staffs to their services
effectively as well as providing enough and qualitative equipment that will
help the smooth running of care for the children with malnutrition the
management antenatal clinic, immunization unit, maternity unity, OPD, pediatric
ward that they should add more effort in educating the mothers on the diet that
should be given to their children which can help to protect their children from
malnutrition as well as methods of food preparation, standard weaning methods,
importance of exclusive breast feeding, how to position their children during
breast feeding and all the skill procedure that will reduce malnutrition in the
area. In conclusion the purpose of the research is to assess the malnutrition
among children 0-5 years in Madobi PHC of Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa
state. In order to improve the health status of children 0-5 years so as to
reduce the occurrence of malnutrition which the result reveal position in some
way despite the shortage of staffs and equipment in the facility.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - -ii
Certification - - - - - - - - - - -iii
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - -iv
Table of Contents - - - - - - - - - -v
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - -viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - -1
1.1 Background of the study - - - - - - - - -1
1.2 Statement of the problems - - - - - - - -2
1.3 Objectives of the study - - - - - - - - -2
1.3.1 Goal - - - - - - - - - - -2
1.3.2 Specific objectives of the study - - - - - - -3
1.4 Research Questions - - - - - - - - -3
1.5 Significant of the study - - - - - - - - -3
1.6 Scope of the study - - - - - - - - -4
1.7 Definition of terms - - - - - - - - -4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review - - - - - - - - - -5
2.1 Malnutrition - - - - - - - - - -7
2.2 Sign and Symptoms of Malnutrition - - - - - - -7
2.3 General Causes of Malnutrition - - - - - - - -8
2.4 Patho-Physiology - - - - - - - - - -8
2.5 Predisposing Factors of Malnutrition - - - - - - -8
2.5.1 Kwashiorkor - - - - - - - - - -9
2.5.2 Marasmus - - - - - - - - - -10
2.6 Prevention and Control of Malnutrition - - - - - - -10
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology - - - - - - - - - -12
3.1 Research Design - - - - - - - - - -12
3.2 Population - - - - - - - - - -12
3.3 Sample - - - - - - - - - - -12
3.4 Sampling Techniques - - - - - - - - -13
3.5 Materials/Instrument used for Data Collection - - - - - -13
3.6 Procedure for Collecting Data - - - - - - - -13
3.7 Method of Data Analysis - - - - - - - - -13
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Analysis and Discussion - - - - - - - -14
4.1 Result - - - - - - - - - - -14
4.2 Discussion - - - - - - - - - - -19
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Many studies has shown that poor growth in children is associated
malnutrition, the underlying factors are divers multicultural and interrelated
ranging from biological to social cultural and economically related. because
the higher level of under nutrition worldwide are found in south Asia, it is essentially
what policy makers in the region understand the underlying the determination
and in order to design effective public health intervention programmer. This is
especially go it public because are limited as in rural area. The purpose of
this cross-sectional study was to examine causal relationship among the
Biological, Behavioral, and Environmental factors related to malnutrition age
5years and below. (Alex, A.S 1998 Nutrition for Clinical Hand Book).
Nutritional may be defined as the science of and its relationship
to health nutrition is concern primarily with growth, survival and maintenance.
It's the process by which food is assimilated and used for growth of the body
cells synthesis of enzymes, hormones, production of energy and substance needed
for growth, repairs and maintenance of a sense of wellbeing.
Malnutrition is a clinical condition that included several lapping
syndromes, such as growth failure in children and muscles wasting in adult.
Malnutrition is globally the most important risk factor for unless and death
contributing more than half of the death of children worldwide. There is a high
and increasing prevalence of malnutrition among children age 0-5years of age
and in parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America Malnutrition is every form
present significant threats to human health. Under nutrition is estimated to
contribute to more than one third of all child deaths, although it is rarely
listed as the direct causes. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United
Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) in 2013 reported that at least 99 million
children were affected by under nutrition. Among the survivors who are affected
during the first two years of life, their ability to resist diseases, under
take physical work study and progress in school are all impaired. The
interaction between under nutrition and infection result in vicious cycle of
worsening illness and poor nutritional status. Stunted growth and impaired
cognitive ability can also follow poor nutrition in the early years of child's
life. On other hand worldwide an estimated 42 million children under the age of
five years were affected by over nutrition as at 2013. (Afr. Health Sci. 2019).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The effect of malnutrition among children 0-5 years of age recent
the problem of malnutrition has been or an increase in Madobi Primary Health
Centre were this research is actively effecting the of malnutrition affect the
health of children 0-5years in Madobi due to socio-economic factors and lack of
education and also harmful social, and cultural practice which affect the life
of the children especially 0-5years of age particularly in Madobi Primary
Health Centre where this research is going to be conducted. In line with the
above the researcher wishes to carry out research on, Malnutrition among children
0-5years of age in Madobi Primary Health Centre.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.3.1 GOAL
To assess the malnutrition among children 0-5years of age
1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.
To
measure the level of malnutrition among under five years children.
2.
To
assess the factors that causes malnutrition.
3.
To
educate parents on the effect of malnutrition and guide them on how to prevent
it.
4.
To
encourage the mothers on how to use treat resources food for their children.
5.
To
educate the parents on the important of balance diet to their children.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS/ RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
1.4.1 Research Questions
1.
Can
socio-economic and socio-cultural factors affect the nutritional status of a
particular community?
2.
What
are the roles of government towards the improvement of nutritional status of
children 0-5years?
1.4.2 Research Hypothesis
1.
Socio-economic
and socio-cultural factors affecting the nutritional status of a particular community.
2.
Government
has the roles to play to improve the nutritional status of a children 0-5years of
age.
1.5 SIGNIFICANTS OF THE STUDY
The importance of the study is to mobilize the group of mothers to
known the causes of malnutrition among their children by using their local
resources or good balance diet.
1.
To educate
parents of the children on the effects of food taboos on their children.
2.
To
enlighten parent about the causes of malnutrition among children 0-5years of
age
3.
To
educate the parent on the value of nutrition and consequences of malnutrition.
4.
To
ensure nutritional education to mothers and how to utilize the available
resources so that their children will have sufficient nutrition for health
growth and development.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research project is focuses in identifying effects and
prevalence of cases of malnutrition among children of 0-5years of age in Madobi
Primary Health Centre, this research work is going to focus on Madobi Primary
Health Centre, Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa State.
1.7 DEFINATIONS OF TERMS
1.
Health: Is the state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing
of an individual not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
2.
Age
the number of years that a person has or anything has existed.
3.
Clinical
Relating to the examination and treatment of
a patient and their illness.
4.
Deficiency: The state of not having something enough.
5.
Energy: The ability to put effort and enthusiasan in an activity or work.
6.
Kwashiorkor: Condition or lack of proteins in child.
7.
Illness: The state of being physically or mentally il1
8.
Marasmus: Severe and chronic malnutrition producing a gradual wasting of
tissue.
9.
Nutrition: The processes by which living things reserve the food necessary
for them to grow and be healthy.
10.
Balance
Diet on with the quality of variety of food need for health.
11.
Nutrient: A substances that aids needed to keep living thing and to help it
grow.
12.
Under
Five any child below the age of five years.
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