ABSTRACT
The study identified the key bureaucratic features that
affected public service delivery, evaluated the role of PPP in service delivery
in Lagos State Civil Service and considered the effect of the new method on
socio-economic development in the state. Primary and secondary data were used
in the gathering of relevant information. The primary data was collected
through the use of questionnaire and interviews to elicit information from the
respondents in ministries of Finance, Transport, and Environment. The respondents
were selected using the simple random sampling method. Secondary data were
obtained from relevant official documents, academic journals and internet
sources on Public-Private Partnership and the growth of New Public Management
in Lagos State Civil Service. The data collected for the study were analysed
using descriptive statistics, such as percentages, frequency distribution,
tables chart and inferential statistics, such as correlation and correlation
coefficient. The results showed that lack of transparency and accountability
was responsible for the adoption of Public-Private-Partnership and new Public
Management policies, while innovation and efficiency were the primary reasons
for PPP involvement in the social service delivery in Lagos State. It was also
revealed that using ideas from private sector had positive impact on the
effective and efficient services on the service commission. The study concluded
that Public-Private-Partnership served as an essential component in the
establishment of a New Public Management in developing the public service in
Lagos State.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Content v
Abstract vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study 1
1.2 Statement
of Research Problem 4
1.3 Objectives
of the Study 4
1.4 Research
Questions 5
1.5 Research
Hypotheses 5
1.6 Significance
of the Study 5
1.7 Scope of
the Study 6
1.8 Operational
Definition of Terms 6
1.9 Limitation
of the Study 7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction
8
2.2 Origin of
the Nigerian Public Service 9
2.3 The
Fundamental Principles of the Public Service 11
2.3.1 Private-Public-Partnership
in Lagos State 14
2.4 Conceptual
Clarification 15
2.5 Current
Literature on New Public Management (NPM) 18
2.5.1 Overview of
New Public Management (NPM) 19
2.5.2 Current
Literature on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) 20
2.5.3 Relevance
of Traditional Model of Public Administration 22
2.5.4 Managerial
Programme (Elements to NPM) 16
2.5.5 Entrepreneurial
Government 28
2.5.6 Good
Governance: Concept and Application 29
2.5.7 What is
Good Governance 33
2.5.8 Culture of
Good Governance 33
2.6 Lagos State Strategies under PPPs and NPM
in the three Agencies
of the Ministries 34
2.7 Theoretical
Framework 37
2.8 Summary of
Review 39
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 40
3.2 Research Design 40
3.3 Study Area/Setting 40
3.4 Population of the study 41
3.5 Sampling Procedure and Sample Size 41
3.6 Data Source/Research Instruments 42
3.7 Validation of the Instrument 42
3.8 Techniques of Data Analyses 43
3.9 Limitations to the Methodology 44
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
45
4.2 Respondents
Characteristics and Classification 45
4.3 Presentation
and Analysis of Data According to Research Questions 49
4.4 Presentation
and Analysis of Data According to Test of Hypotheses 56
4.5 Discussion
of findings 63
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary 65
5.2 Conclusion 66
5.3 Recommendation 66
5.4 Suggestions
for Further Study 67
References 68
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTROOUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
The emergence of the New Public Administration (NPA) as
an alternative perspective to the traditional public administration theory, is
fast gaining ground in the Lagos State civil service.
In the 1960s, the government and its administrative arm
came under heavy pressure from social and political forces for a range of
issues like civil rights, higher education, social welfare, law and order, and
urban infrastructure and condition. The capacity of government to respond to
these problems were questioned, particularly by younger university-based
members of the public administration community (Oladoyin. 2010).
Public administration as an academic discipline is
changing rapidly under the impact of globalization, the changing ideology of
government and the resultant changes in the agenda of public administration in
all parts of the globe. Since World War II, the role and function of government
had witnessed an unprecedented increase in both developed and developing
societies. This was largely due to the fact that development was considered as
a state activity. Since the 1980s, the world has witnessed a reverse swing;
Globalisation is the name given to the paradigmatic shift of emphasis towards a
market-driven, private sector led 'development model whose basic philosophy was
to 'roll back the state.
Changes in public administration today is largely the
reflection of the changing nature of the functions of government/especially in
the developed world. (Oladoyin, 2010). The practices of the traditional public
administration came under persistent attack from neo-liberal economists,
interest groups, theorists and public choice scholars, who have spearheaded the
philosophical arguments for reducing the size and spending of the public
sector. New Public Management (NPM) has done a lot to shakeup the moribund and
self-serving public organizations, often by using ideas from the private
sector. It provides many options for trying to achieve cost- effective delivery
of public goods, like separate organizations for policy and implementation,
performance contracts, internal markets, sub-contracting, and much more to
mention (Basu, 2010:37).). The catchphrase for this element is 'let managers
manage'. It recognizes that there is a need for professional management at the
very top and that those who hold these positions should be given substantive
responsibility for management - the achievement of clearly specified goals-
rather than being administrators whose function is primarily to administer
rules. (Olowu, 2002:3).
Governance and national development is the end to which
every government and civil society or organisation strives. It is a situation
of societal equilibrium with the features of social equity, peace, existence of
rule of law, free and fair election, legitimate government and the existence of
space for productive activities.
This explains why modern societies strive for good
governance. Since the old public administration techniques have failed, focus
has then shifted to the adoption of management concepts, theories and
instruments such as were utilized in the private sector to achieve
effectiveness, efficiency, responsiveness to citizens' needs; all with the view
to promoting public value. (Sapru, 2008). According to Wikipedia (2010), the
Free Encyclopedia, NPM is a management philosophy used by governments since the
1980s to modernize the public sector. NPM is
a broad and very complex4erm used to describe the wave of public sector reforms
throughout the world since the 1980s. The main hypothesis in the NPM reform
wave is that market orientation in the public sector will lead to greater cost-
efficiency for governments, without having negative side effects on other
objectives and considerations. (http://wikipedia.org
/wikLnewpublicmanagement9/8/2010). Rather
than continue to use old nomenclatures such as administration, directors and
secretaries, the new paradigm suggests a change to public managers to describe
those officials now saddled with the responsibility of managing government
business.
A strong U.S. position in the global market place depends
upon a strong partnership between the private sector and the Federal/State
governments, particularly when it comes to standards and standards development
(data wordiHp/Novl.02doc.January (2003).
In response to these issues, Lagos State Government has
defined a transport sector strategy with the overall objective t improve the provision of transport services
in the Lagos Metropolitan Area in particular for the public transport users and
the poor. The strategy rests on the following six pillars, creation of
organizational and institutional capacity for the planning and management of
the state’s transport system; raising the level of cost recovery in the:
transport system; promotion of affordable public transport services; reduction
of adverse external impacts of transport through the provision of safeguards;
creation of a conducive environment for the private sector provision of
transport services; and making the best use of the existing transport capacity.
Lagos State Internal Revenue Service (LSIRS) is the
operational arm of the Lagos State Board of Internal Revenue (LSBIR). The
agency came into being through the passage of a bill which was presented to the
Lagos State House of Assembly and assented to, by the then Governor of Lagos
State. His Excellency, Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu on the 13hl of March, 2006.
Lagos State Internal Revenue Service (LSIRS) makes provision for the
Administration and Collection of Revenue due to the state government and local
councils.
The use of tax consultants by government cannot be said
to be an entirely new development. For instance the Federal Inland Revenue
Service has been engaging the services of consultants in such specific areas as
training, monitoring, evaluation, public enlightenment, systems development
etc. The argument had been in their use by state government, for the functions
of assessing, collecting and accounting for taxes. Prior to the appointment of
the consultants in the various states such as Edo, Osun, Lagos and Ekiti both
the tax officials and the taxpayers had a field day in the interpretation and
application of the existing laws. (Oladoyin, 2010).
Lagos Waste Management Authority (LAWMA) has a remarkable
story in the history of Lagos State, and till date, it still continues to make
visible and contributory impact in the metamorphosis in Lagos. As an
organization created to achieve, LAWMA has not only put to fore the cleanliness
of Lagos but also unconsciously imparted self- discipline in the lives of
Lagosians. In addition, LAWMA amply contributed economically by created job
opportunities with over 25,000 staff that assures the environment of good
health. The importance of a strong partnership between the private and
public-sectors was strengthened in 1999 by the lively debate over revision to
privatization. The circular, which guides Lagos State government agencies in
their implementation of the State Technology Transfer and Advancement Act, has
helped to reinforce government participation in the voluntary standard system.
Strong working relationships continue with the Departments of Finance,
Transport and the Environmental Protection Agency demonstrated their support
for voluntary standards. Primary reasons for private sector involvement
include: innovation and efficiency savings; a means of attracting new technical
expertise and capacity: access to new capital and investments that would not
otherwise be available to finance costly infrastructure investments, and an
increase in revenue from a privatization that can be utilized to retire debt
and save interest (Brown, 2000:3).
The theory of New Public Management (NPM) is not only an
economic-based but also a consumer-oriented approach (Naidu, 2006:39). The term
'management is preferred to 'administration' because management implies a
decisiveness and proactiveness that appear lacking in governmental
administration. The term 'management' has some aggressive action-orientation
and is much more proactive-oriented than the term, administration (Polinaidu, 2004:80).
1.2 STATEMENT
OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
A lot of development and changes have taken place in the
management of Lagos State civil service and conduct of government business in
general. Innovations involving the synergy between public and private sectors,
methodologies and the setting of a more proactive template for managing the
activities within the public sector have now taken place. The traditional
public administration system which places emphasis on hierarchy, continuity and
stability, authority and centralization of control, monopoly of service
delivery by government and budget-driven programmes that has failed to
guarantee effective provision delivery and welfare is now being gradually
jettisoned. This failure of bureaucracies in post-independence Nigeria has
encouraged the emergence and popularity of the New Public Management (NPM).
Lagos State unquestionably has been the cynosure of all
eyes as far as the fusion of public and private competencies are concerned. In
the areas of maintenance of public utilities, transportation, security, catering
and procurement of equipment and materials, Lagos State government has
demonstrated effective engagement of the private sector organizations and
individuals in partnership with the state as far as the issues mentioned above
are concerned. The attempt to unravel the peculiar dynamics of the operations
and challenges of these methodologies captured within the concept of PPP and
NPM constitute the focus of this study.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
The general objectives of this study is to show how Lagos
State government has been able to partner with private sector organization in
fostering effective provision, delivery and maintenance of public goods and
services toward statewide socioeconomic development. However, the following
specific objectives of this study an: to
(i) identify the key bureaucratic features
that affect public service delivery in Lagos State;
(ii) Evaluate
the role of PPP in service delivery in Lagos State civil service;
(iii) Examine the effect of the new method on
socio-economic development in the state; and
(iv) analyse the challenges and problems facing
the adoption of the New Public Management strategies (NPM).
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In this research attempt would be made to beam
searchlight on the following questions
1. Are the
bureaucratic features affect public service delivery in Lagos State?
2. Could one evaluate public-private
partnership as an innovative management strategy in Lagos State civil service?
3. What is the effect of the new method on
socio-economic development in Lagos State?
4. Is there
any challenges and-problems facing the adoption of the New Public
Management Strategies?
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
This study is geared towards testing the following
hypothesis.
1. H0: The key bureaucratic features do
not affect public service delivery in Lagos State.
H1: The
key bureaucratic features affect public service delivery In Lagos State.
2. Ho:
There are challenges and
problems facing the adoption of the Public-Private-Partnership and New Public
Management Strategies.
H1: There
are no challenges and problems facing the adoption of the
Public-Private-Partnership New Public Management strategies.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The study will enhance the understanding of the New
Public Management (NPM) which has done a lot to shake-up moribound and
self-serving public organizations, often by using ideas from the private
sector. The study will also be an addition to the growing focus on private
public partnership (PPP) in the public service, with its effects on effective
and efficient service delivery in the Nigerian Public Service. The finding of
this research will assist government and policy makers to formulate policy that
can enhance the entrenchment of ethics and accountability, especially as it
concerns service delivery and to achieve cost-effective delivery of public
goods in the public service.
The study will be a benefit to the immediate community
and the government/ research body by using its novel approach and data as blue
print for policy formulation and implementation. Thus, this research will
propose several new initiatives for policy and advocacy through which NPM can
be achieved in the society and contribution to the development of theory. This
study is also significant given the fact that it will provide new ideas and
knowledge on deficiencies traditional public administration and the compelling
need for a pragmatic alternative. Besides other researchers and students in
higher institutions, most especially those in social sciences can derive
various secondary data sources from this study. Since every research work aims
at discovering problems and finding ways of solving them, this study cannot be
an exception.
1. 7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Basically, this study is a theoretical and practical
examination of Public-PrivatePartnership and the growth of New Public
Management in Lagos State Civil Service between 2002 and 2010. The study will
be restricted to Lagos State civil servants in three strategic state ministries
and parastatals/agencies in Lagos State, where it is assumed that New Public
Management activities are practiced. These State Ministries include; Finance, Transport
and environment. The various agencies under the state ministries will also be
covered.
1.8 DEFINITION
OF
TERMS
The following key concepts are defined for the purpose of
this study:
New Public Management: Is a management philosophy used by the governments to modernize the public
sector.
Public Private Partnership: Is the fascinating features of contemporary economic
development as we move into a new millennium is the way in which institutional
reforms are breaking new ground.
Globalization: Is a
process and a means to achieve the goals of globalism.
Civil Society: Third sector comprising of citizens and non-voluntary
sector (first sector is Government and the second sector is the
private/business sector; activities that engage individuals in recognizing
their rights and responsibilities as citizens within a democracy.
Corruption: Is an unethical behaviour which runs counter to the
accepted social norms and normal values.
Governance: Is the manner in which power is exercise In the
management of a country's economic and social resources for development.
Governance is an exercise of economic, political and administrative authority
for managing a nation's affairs at both micro and macro levels.
1.9 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study was faced with some constraints, which included
time, financial and human constraints. Some of the people slated for interview
were not available and in some cases those available were not forthcoming in
discussing their views on the issues of public private partnership in Lagos
State. There were some difficulties in having access to some of the records and
documents, relating to the scope of study due to 'official secret' or
"confidentiality" practices in the public service. The attitude of
the respondents also constituted a serious limitation to the study, as a new
theory and concept many respondents does not really understand the topic in
order to give actual answer to it.
The study overcame the constraints of the respondents
through thorough explanation about the topic and through some countries who
practicalized it and successfully gained the aims and objectives of the topic.
Click “DOWNLOAD NOW” below to get the complete Projects
FOR QUICK HELP CHAT WITH US NOW!
+(234) 0814 780 1594
Login To Comment