TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
1.2
Statement of the Study
1.3
Objective of the Study
1.4
Research Questions
1.5
Scope and Delimitation of Study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
2.1
The subject of stylistics
2.1.1
Style and Stylistic Variation
2.1.2
Style of Choice
2.1.3
Style as Deviation
2.1.4
Style as Register
2.2
Theoretical Framework
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
DATA ANALYSIS
3.1
Introduction
3.2
Stylistic Analysis of the Presidential
Campaign Speech of Goodluck Ebele Jonathan
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Summary Finding and Conclusion
4.1
Summary
4.2
Finding and Conclusion
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
Copies
of President Goodluck Jonathan Campaign Speeches
CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL
INTRODUTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Language
is a systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of
conventionalized signs, gestures, or marks having understood meanings. Language
is a system of communication consisting of sound, words and grammar, or the
system of communication used by the people of a particular country or
profession. The word their pronunciation and the method of combining them used
and understood by a community is called language. The audible, articulate,
meaningful sound as produced by the action of vocal organs. Language, the
principal and the richest means used by human beings. Language functions
primarily as spoken means of communication. It can however, also be transferred
to other media most clearly as in the case of writing, a relatively recent
innovation (late 4th millennium B.C)
Languages
of the kind use by human are species specific. No other species, including non
human language has surprised linguists; the highest level of linguistic ability
achieved is roughly comparable to that of two years old child. All human
communities possess language; language is thus perhaps the single most
significant property that distinguishes human from other animals.
According to Katie Wales in A Dictionary of Stylistics,
2nd ed. (Pearson, 2001), "The goal of most stylistics is not simply to
describe the formal features of texts for their own sake, but in order to show their
functional significance for the interpretation of the text; or in order to
relate literary effects to linguistic 'causes' where these are felt to be
relevant."
According
to Cambridge Encyclopedia of language the use of stylistic as bases of speech
and text analysis will require the use of traditional level linguistic
description. Such as the stand form, structure and meaning. It then follows the
consistence appearance of certain structure item; the element of the speech
utterances is one of the major concerns in the stylistic analysis.
Stylistics, traditionally known as the study
of literary texts using formal linguistic tools, can also be done via
sophisticated computer-bases. Stylistics defined by leech and
Shard (1981) is “the linguistic study of style, is rarely undertaken for its
own sake, simple as an exercise in describing what is mode of language”.
Another definition of stylistics is by H.G Wideclowson (1991) who defines
stylistics as “the study of literary discourse from a linguistics orientation.”
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The
study focuses on the findings of stylistic features of stylistic element namely
alliteration, metaphor, metonymy, rhetorical questions, repetitions, and
personification in the campaign speeches and the frequencies of occurrence of
the stylistic effect in these speeches, because deploy arguments is not only a
matter of logic but also of the objective of the persuasion, Aristotle divides
rhetoric into three genres or areas of activity relation to the type of
audience: deliberative (political), forensic (judicial), and epideictic
(concern with praise or blame). The concept of genre in the sense of culturally
specific type of discourse, like these speeches or, a newspaper article is
highly relevant to style. This is because the speaker and writers tend to adapt
their language, that is, their style, in a particular type of discourse to the
conventions impose on it by its social rule and setting. This however, is a
reciprocal process, because listeners or readers normally are also tuned into
these socialized stylistics conversations.
The
overall structure gives insight into the basic idea, aim, how the politician
engages the receiver, unfold the argument and conclude his point in a memorable
way.
Therefore
always account for overall structure (e.g. giving each main section a relevant
heading) example of main structure of a speech, the opening (how does the
speaker connect to the audience the points (dividing the main speech body into
section) conclusion (how does the speaker make ending memorable?), formality
level; high formality level diction, complex syntax colloquial language spoken
language slang, word classes with which effect.
The
research is expected to be a valuable contribution to the teaching and learning
of English stylistics in general and of stylistic devices in politicians’
speeches in particular. Moreover, it will not only help them get special style
but also provide them with some necessary strategy and techniques in the
creative design of in the use of words in writing speeches.
1.3 OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
The
principal aim of this study is to examine the stylistic e on the selected
presidential campaign speeches of President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan in Nigeria
through the description and analysis of these speeches.
In
the same vein, this research will examine the difference in the use of language
of the selected speech with the use of stylistic tools in analyzing the
selected speeches. It will identify the hav devices linguistic and literally
and discuss how they have contributed to the beauty of the language use in the
selected speeches.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
The study
tries to seek the information for
the following questions:
1. What subject of stylistics is contained in
the Presidential campaign speeches?
2. What are features of stylistic analysis in
the Presidential campaign speeches of President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan?
3. Which stylistic devices are most frequently and distinctively used in the Presidential campaign
speech of President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan?
1.5 SCOPE
AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The
research titled ‘stylistic analysis of the presidential campaign speech of
President Goodluck Jonathan’ is aimed at studying the use of language in the
selected campaign speech of president good luck Jonathan. The areas to be
covered in the stylistic analysis of this speech are phonology, morphology,
cohesion, and graphology and lexico- syntactic structures.
The
nature of this research is empirical which has to do with general and extensive
study of a particular field or area. On the contrary, this research is unique
–that is, different from other previous works because it focuses mainly on the
stylistics analysis of presidential campaign speech of president good luck
Jonathan and not just on stylistics analysis and this will makes readers of
this work not to only look at the text
of any speech what so ever, but also the context in which lies the style of
language.
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