TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE:
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the study
1.2 Statement of
the problem
1.3 Aims and
objectives
1.5 Significance
of the study
CHAPTER
TWO
REVIEW
OF LITERATURES
2.1 Definition
of Code
2.2 Difference
between Code-switching and Code-mixing
2.3 Types of
Code- switching and Code- mixing
CHAPTER
THREE
THE DATA
AND METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER
FOUR
Analytical Frame-work
Languages of Nollywood Movies
A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Jenifa
Analysis of Languages Used According To Scenes
The Multilingual Behaviour of Characters
CHAPTER
FIVE
SUMMARY
AND CONCLUSION
Summary
Conclusion
Bibliography
CHAPTER
ONE:
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the study
Code-switching is the use of
more than one language, variety, or style by a speaker within an utterance or
discourse, or between different interlocutors or situations (Romaine,
1992:110). In linguistics, code-switching occurs when a speaker
alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context
of a single conversation (Richard, 2005). However, Wardhaugh (2012: 103),
states that code mixing occurs when a conversant use both languages together to
the extent that they change from one language to the other in the course of a
single utterance. It means that the conversant just changes some of the
elements in their utterance. Code mixing takes place without a change of topic
and can involve various levels of language, e.g., morphology and lexical items.
Code-mixing and
code-switching are important aspects of sociolinguistics because of their use
and status in the society. The continued exploration of various facets of code
change is therefore not a surprise, as it has more than just (socio)
linguistic, anthropological and psychological implications. To the extent that
the way people talk is the expression of their personal, social, cultural and
other identities, it is not an exaggeration to say that it actually affects the
majority of the world’s population and, although has often been viewed as a stigmatized
form of bilingual discourse, there is no doubt that learning more about the
underlying rules of code-switching can only contribute to more awareness among
speakers of poles apart (Adetuyi and Jegede, 2016).
Different reasons have been
put forward by various authors and researchers to explain why people mix code
and code switch. It is obvious that they have negative and positive effects on
the use of the language. It then becomes necessary that these concepts related
to human society and our educational system receive sufficient attention to be
known and also used effectively where it is needed. In a society where people
speak more than one language, there is usually one language naturally
influenced by others. Some of the effects of multilingualism are code mixing
and code change, bilingualism, diglossia, and so on. When a speaker comes into
contact with two or more languages, he can start using the languages
together, even if it is not necessarily with equal competence. However, these
languages influence each other and often lead to code mixing and code
switching (Kuntze, 2000). A typical context showing that speakers’ mix or
switch codes can be found in Jenifa Diary.
However, Jenifa’s Diary is a
Nigerian television comedy series, created by Funke Akindele. The series is
part of the Jenifa franchise, based on a naive and funny character of the same
name. Jenifa’s Dairy has over 11 (possibly going to 13) seasons and is
currently active and ongoing (Ikeke, Nkem, 2017). This series tells a story of a
native village girl who desperately wants to get out of her ratchet way of
life. In her desperation she leaves her village and goes to the city of Lagos
in order to process her visa to travel to the United States. Although
unsuccessful with her visa application she decides to stay in Lagos and live a
better life. She then finds herself in University of Lagos, with the help of a
lady she met, Toyo baby (Olayode Juliana) and Kiki (Lota Chukwu) who help and
accommodate her (Izuzu Chidumga, 2017).
Jenifa is unsuccessful with
her education but she gets a job at Nikki’o salon on the Island with the help
of her friend kiki and she becomes very successful in her hair styling career.
At Nikki’o saloon she meets another stylist, Segun (Folarin ‘Falz’ Falana) who
becomes interested in her but she at first rejects him, but later accepts his
proposal after he goes to America and they both get engaged (Ikeke, Nkem,
2017). All over the country, people always in anticipation of the next episode
on the series, the excitement almost grew to a feverish pitch. Even old men and
women were hardened fans. But that ain’t the most amazing part. The most
amazing part is how young people all over the country, especially the females,
have resorted to speaking like Jenifa, the series’ main character, who’s major
selling point was her corrupted form of English (Anozie, 2017).
On the other hand, by virtue
of communicative configuration, imitated speech can be used. It should be
stressed that Jenifa’s Diary allows for a dramatized discourse; it can create,
correlate, and contrast different speakers. By so doing, it imitates real life
scenarios of the deployments of different languages in a typical oral discourse
among Nigerians.
But on a lighter yet more
serious note, this trend might not be bad, but it definitely ain’t productive.
And why do something unproductive when the time could be better spent doing the
opposite. And for those arguing that English is not our mother tongue, it might
not be our mother tongue, but it is still the official language. And it is
still a compulsory subject in o’level and all other sorts of exams (Anozie,
2017). It is on this note that this study intends to find out what motivated
code switching and code mixing in some of the characters in Jenifa’s Diary
Episodes, and it also intends to find out why.
1.2
Statement of the problem
A few studies have been
carried out on bilingual speakers of English. Some of the studies focus on the
way speakers of English code switch and mix between different language codes in
their daily dialogues or conversations. All these studies drew their data from
real life contexts. None of them investigated the use of code switch and mix in
dramatized utterances. Investigating code switch and code mixing in Jenifa’s
Diary Episodes will assist us in identifying how these phenomena are used among
Nigerians. This is the gap this study intends to fill.
1.3
Aims and objectives
This research work intends to
investigate code switching and code mixing in selected Jenifa’s Diary Episodes.
This study sets to achieve the following objectives:
1. To examine
the languages used in the production of movies in Nigeria with particular
emphasis on Jenifa
2. To
assess the evidence of multilingual practice in Nollywood movies with specifics
on Jenifa’s diary.
3. To
examine the level of indigenous languages utilization in the production of Nigerian
movies
1.4 Significance of the study
The research will x-ray the
possible social relevance of code switching and code mixing in TV soap opera in
a multilingual Nigeria. The results of the study will assist in creating a
better understanding of the code switching and mixing phenomenon amongst
Nigerian bilinguals. Finally, it is hoped that this study will serves as a
reference material for further research in this area.
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