CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review …………………………………………………………………………4
2.1 History of measles infection ………………………………………………………………7
2.2 Life cycle of measle infection……………………………………………………………..7
2.3 Incidence of measiles infection……………………………………………………………8
2.4 Epidemiology of measles infection………………………………………………………..8
2.5 Diagnosis of measles infection…………………………………………………………….9
2.6 Sign and symptoms of measles infection………………………………………………….9
2.7 Prognosis of measles infection…………………………………………………………...10
2.8 Treatment of measles infection…………………………………………………………..10
2.9 Prevention and control of measles infection……………………………………………..11
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………….12
3.1 Study Area ……………………………………………………………………………….12
3.2 Population of the Study ………………………………………………………………….12
3.3 Method of Data Collection……………………………………………………………….13
3.4 Statistical
Analysis…………………………………………………………………...13
3.4 Ethical Issue……………………………………………………………………………...13
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result
Presentation/Interpretation and Discussion……………………………………....14
4.5
Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………18
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations…………………………………………..21
5.1 Summary ……………………………………………………………………………….21
5.2 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….21
5.3 Recommendations……………………………………………………………………….22
References………………………………………………………………….…………….23
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Measles is a highly contagious
systematic viral illness caused by RNA virus of the genus morbillivirus, in the family paramyxoviridea
(Gerald et.al., 2000). Human and primate are the only natural host of
the measles virus, the main symptoms are fever, dry cough, red eyes, light
sensitivity, a runny nose, sore throat, white spot in the mouth a
characteristic that typically start on the first and spread down the body to
the trunk and legs, (Gerald et. al., 2000). Most of the people recover
within a couple of weeks but up to 20% develop complication that may include an
ear infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, area or blindness, people who are
malnourished, have a Vitamin A deficiency or have compromised immune system,
are frequently more severely affected. Women who are pregnant when they are
infected with measles are at greater risk of miscarriage or of premature labour
(Gerald et.al., 2000).
Before the measles vaccine was
introduced, almost all children caught the disease. In the United States and
other highly populated populous rare sporadic cause may occur in susceptible
persons of any age, although disease is likely to occur in those born before
1959, before the time Moses was highly endemic and most person acquired measles
during childhood (Cherry et. al., 1992).
Measles is now extremely rare in
developing countries, because of the successes of developing countries where
the nation is responsible for approximately I million deaths worldwide each
year; almost all of the children recover with the measles in developing
countries. It is also leading cause of blindness in those regions. Global
eradication of measles with next to 10-20 years in feasible morbidity and
mortality, particularly in developed countries, despite the introduction of
inadequate measles virus vaccine which have greatly reduced in the 1960 (Ishiwad, 1993). The window period of
infection for infants lies between the disappearing of maternal antibody
protection and vaccine administration (Helland, 1997).Infection is transmitted
via airborne exposure from coughing, sneezing or close contact with nasal
secretion, measles virus remain active in air for 2 hours. It enters the body
through respiratory system and spread systematically by infection lymphoid cells.
Infection and spreading is complex process. Structure and protection of measles
virus are important determination virus tropisms and pathogenesis (Horikami,1995).
Measles outbreak can result in epidemic that cause many deaths, especially
among young malnourished children. In countries where missiles has from other
countries remain an important sources of infection (Babanniyi et. al, 1995).
Severe complications from measles can
be avoided through supportive care that ensure good nutrition, adequate fluid intake
and good treatment of dehydration with who recommended oral rehydration
solution. Risk Solutions replaced flute and other essential elements that are
lostthrough the area to treat eye and car infection and pneumonia, (Adetunji 2007).
All children in developing countries
diagnosed with measles should collect two doses of Vitamin A supplements, given
24 hours apart, treatment restore low vitamin A Level or even in well-nourished
children and can help to prevent eye damage and blindness. Vitamin A supplement
have shown to reduce the number of deaths from measles infection by 15%,
(Adetunji 2007).
1.1 Statement of the Research Problem
Measles infection is the major
problem in our community today. It is widely spread every day and large of
children have been infected with the disease, the community and people are
encouraged to have an ideal knowledge of measles prevention and control since
the disease kills each and every gender (male and female) and causing further
infection to children.
Most of the inhabitants within the
study area do not practice good hygiene, particularly those living down the
rural areas. This disease caused by morbillivirus,
which is mostly seen in the winter and spring. It's spread from one child to
another through direct contact with discharge from the nose and throat.
Sometimes, it is spread through airborne droplets (from a cough or sneeze) from
an infected child.
However, there are no sufficient health workers to counsel
the citizen on how to organized themselves in order to be free from such
disease. Hence, this research work intends to examine these obstacles to
effective good health and free people from Measles within the study area.
1.2 Justification of the Study
Measles infection is one of the
endemic diseases that infect human. The project is designed to survey the
prevalence of measles infection which needs to be defined and ruled out among
children attending Ringim General Hospital. This information is necessary in
any attempt to access physical. Weakness of measles among children.
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