ABSTRACT

Refuse dumping sites are notorious for harboring diverse microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, which pose significant health risks to humans and the environment. The improper disposal of waste at refuse dumping sites poses significant environmental and public health risks. These sites serve as breeding grounds for diverse microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, which can contaminate soil, water, and air. The aim of this research is to isolate and identify bacteria associated  with refuse dumping site within Jigawa State Polytechnic Dutse. The objectives are to isolate and identify bacteria associated with refuse dumping site, to determine the Bacterial load associated With refuse dumping site, to determine the frequency occurrence of bacteria associated with refused dumping site. 20 gram of soil samples and surface swabs were collected from different site in the Jigawa State Polytechnic refuse dumping site along Kiyawa Road in Dutse LGA, Jigawa State. A general isolation medium, such as Nutrient Agar (NA) was prepared by using manufacturing instructions. Serial dilutions of the soil and swab samples were performed using distilled water to reduce the microbial load. The 1 ml of diluted samples were placed onto the prepared agar plates by using pour plate method. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours and monitored daily for bacterial growth. The study focused on identifying and characterizing bacterial species from soil and surface swab samples collected from the Jigawa State Polytechnic refuse dumping site, The bacterial load, frequency of occurrence, and biochemical characteristics were analyzed, providing insights into microbial diversity and contamination levels. The bacterial load analysis revealed substantial microbial activity in both soil and surface swab samples. The frequency of occurrence of the identified bacterial species demonstrated their relative abundance and environmental roles. The biochemical tests confirmed the identity of the bacterial isolates and provided insights into their metabolic capabilities. This study underscores the microbial diversity at the refuse dumping site, highlighting both beneficial bacteria (Bacillus specie, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and potential health risks (E. coli, S. aureus).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page…………………………………………………………………………….           i

Declaration…………………………………………………………………………..            ii

Certification………………………………………………………………………….           iii

Dedication……………………………………………………………………………          iv

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………          v

Table of contents……………………………………………………………………..          vi

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………...          vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  Introduction………………………………………………………………………….     1

1.1 Background of the study…………………………………………………………….     1

1.2 Statement of the problem.……..………………………………………………… …..   2

1.3 Justification of the research………………………………………………….………     2

1.4 Aim and Objectives.……………………..…………………………………………...    3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review…………………………………………………………………….      4

2.2 Introduction to refuse dumping site.….……………………………………………..     4

2.2.0 Microbial diversity in refuse dumping site………………………………………..      6

2.2.1 Environmental factors influencing microbial deversity……..…………………….      7

2.2.2 Pathogenic bacteria associated with waste…….…………………………………..     8

2.3.1 Transmission pathway...…………………………………………………………..       10       

2.3.2 Bacteria load and its implication...……………………………………………......      10

2.3.3 Assessment method……………………………………………………………….      10

2.4.0 Isolation and identification techniques……..……………………………………..      11

2.4.1 Molecular techniques……...………………………………………………. ……..      11

2.4.2 Health risk associated with refuse dumping site...………………………………        11

2.4.3 Public health intervention…………………....………………………………….         11

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Research methodology………….………………………………………………….       12

3.1 Sample collection…………..……………………………………………………….       12

3.2 Site collection……….………………………………………………………...........       12

3.3 Sample size………………………………..…………………………………………     12

3.3.1 Media preparation…………………...……………………………………………..     12

3.3.2 Isolation of pure culture………….……………………………………….………..     12

3.3.3 Bacterial load determination...……………………………………………………..     13

3.4.0 Determination of the frequency occurrence of bacteria……….……………………   13

3.4.1 Identification and characterization…………….……………………………………   14

3.4.2 Morphological identification……………..…………………………………………   14

3.4.3 Biochemical test……..………………………………………………………………   14

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Result and Discussion…………………………………………………………………   15

4.1 Table 1: Determination of bacterial load of the isolate...………………………………  15

4.2 Table 2: Frequency occurrence of bacterial isolate.…………………………………..    15

4.3 Table 3: Biochemical test………….…………………………………………………     16

4.4 Discussion of the result……………………………………………………………….    18

4.4.0 From table 1: Bacterial load determination...………………………………………    18

4.4.1 From table 2: Frequency of occurrence………….…………………………………    19

4.4.2 From table 3: Biochemical test……………...……………………………………..     20

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Summary, conclusion and recommendation…………………………………………     22

5.1 Summary ……………………………………………………………………………      22

5.2 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………..     22

5.3 Recommendations …………………………………………………………………..     23

References ……………………..………………………………………………………..     24

CHAPTER ONE

1.0. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the study

Refuse dumping sites are notorious for harboring diverse microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, which pose significant health risks to humans and the environment. The Jigawa State Polytechnic Dutse dumping site, like many others, may serve as a reservoir for these microorganisms, necessitating a thorough investigation.

The improper disposal of waste at refuse dumping sites poses significant environmental and public health risks (World Health Organization, 2018). These sites serve as breeding grounds for diverse microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, which can contaminate soil, water, and air (Kumar et al., 2017). The Jigawa State Polytechnic Dutse dumping site, a hub of human activity, may harbor a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, necessitating a comprehensive investigation (Ojebiyi et al., 2017). The presence of pathogenic bacteria on refuse dumping sites can lead to the spread of diseases, contamination of water sources, and environmental degradation (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2020). The lack of data on the specific types of pathogenic bacteria present on the Jigawa State Polytechnic Dutse dumping site hinders effective waste management and public health strategies, underscoring the need for this study (Adeyinka et al., 2018). This study will focus on the Jigawa State Polytechnic Dutse refuse dumping site, exploring the types of pathogenic bacteria present, their prevalence, potential health implications, and environmental effects.

 The study may not cover all possible pathogenic bacteria due to the vast diversity of microorganisms and limitations in laboratory resources (Sahu et al., 2019). This research will provide valuable insights into the presence and distribution of pathogenic bacteria on the refuse dumping site, informing strategies for improved waste management, public health protection, and environmental conservation (United Nations Environment Programme, 2019). The findings will also contribute to the development of evidence-based policies for sustainable waste disposal practices.

This study aims to address this knowledge gap by isolating and identifying pathogenic bacteria on the refuse dumping site, assessing their potential health risks, and informing strategies for improved waste management and public health protection. The findings will contribute to the development of evidence-based policies for sustainable waste disposal practices, ultimately protecting human health and the environment.

1.2. Statement of Problems

Refuse dumping sites pose significant environmental and health risks due to the potential for bacterial contamination. The indiscriminate disposal of waste at these sites can lead to the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, which can contaminate soil, water, and air, thereby posing a threat to human health and the environment. Despite the potential risks, there is a lack of information on the types of bacteria associated with refuse dumping sites within Jigawa State Polytechnic, Dutse. This study aims to isolate and identify the bacteria associated with the refuse dumping site within the polytechnic, in order to provide insights into the potential health risks and inform strategies for mitigating these risks.

1.3. Justification

The refuse dumping site within Jigawa State Polytechnic Dutse poses significant environmental and public health risks due to the presence of different bacteria including pathogenic bacteria. The site's proximity to human habitation and water sources increases the likelihood of bacterial contamination, which can lead to the spread of diseases and environmental degradation.

Despite the risks, there is a lack of data on the specific types of pathogenic bacteria present on the site, their prevalence, and potential health implications. This knowledge gap hinders effective waste management and public health strategies, underscoring the need for this research.

1.4. Aim and Objectives

Aim: To isolate and identify bacteria associated with refuse dumping site within Jigawa State Polytechnic Dutse.

Objectives

1. To isolate and identify bacteria associated with refuse dumping site.

2. To determine the Bacterial load associated With refuse dumping site

3. To determine the frequency occurrence of bacteria associated with refused dumping site  

Buyers has the right to create dispute within seven (7) days of purchase for 100% refund request when you experience issue with the file received. 

Dispute can only be created when you receive a corrupt file, a wrong file or irregularities in the table of contents and content of the file you received. 

ProjectShelve.com shall either provide the appropriate file within 48hrs or send refund excluding your bank transaction charges. Term and Conditions are applied.

Buyers are expected to confirm that the material you are paying for is available on our website ProjectShelve.com and you have selected the right material, you have also gone through the preliminary pages and it interests you before payment. DO NOT MAKE BANK PAYMENT IF YOUR TOPIC IS NOT ON THE WEBSITE.

In case of payment for a material not available on ProjectShelve.com, the management of ProjectShelve.com has the right to keep your money until you send a topic that is available on our website within 48 hours.

You cannot change topic after receiving material of the topic you ordered and paid for.