ASSESSMENT OF THE METHODS FOR PREVENTION AND CAUSES OF ANEMIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTI-NATEL CARE (ANC) (A CASE STUDY OF DUTSE GENERAL HOSPITAL)

ABSTRACT

Anemia in pregnancy is a common problem in most developing countries and a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially in malaria endemic areas. In pregnancy, anemia has a significant impact on the health of the foetus as well as that of the mother. This study was therefore carried out to determine the effectiveness of method used to control and prevention of anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in Dutse general hospital, in order to obtain a broader best are prevention method. Pregnant women were enrolled in the study and were monitored through pregnancy for anemia. Packed cell volume (PCV) was used to assess level of anemia; Questionnaires were also administered to obtain demographic information and also the recommendations are made. 55.3% are using died for control in which 46.8% experienced significant progress while 8.5% show no progress. 44.7% used drugs in which 38.3% show significant progress while 6.4% show no progress.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Declaration      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -i

Certification    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -ii

Approval Page            -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -iii

Dedication      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -iv

Acknowledgement      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -v

Table of Contents        -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -vi

Abstract          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  Introduction          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -1

1.2 Background of the study area      -           -           -           -           -           -           --          -3

1.3 Statement of the problem             -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -4

1.4 Aim and Objectives of the study -           -           -           --          -           -           --          -4

1.4 Scope and limitation of the study -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -5

1.5 Research question             -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -5

CHAPTER TWO

2.0  Literature review   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -6

CHAPTER THREE

3.0  Methodology        -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -9

3.1  Study area -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           --          -9

3.2  Data collection      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -9

3.3  Sampling Technique          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -9

3.4  Instrumentation of Data Collection          -           -           -           -           -           -           -9

3.5  Instrumentation of Data Collection          -           -           -           -           -           -           -9

3.6  Data Analysis        -           -           -           -           -           --          --          -           -           -10

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Result and Discussion       -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -11

4.1 Discussion -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -17

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations     -           -           -           -           -           -19

5.1 Summary   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -19

5.4 Conclusion            -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -19

5.3 Recommendations            -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -20

      Reference              -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -21

      Questionnaire        -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -24       -

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  INTRODUCTION

Anemia is a common complication in pregnancy. Anemia in pregnancy is the major causes of maternal and foetal mortality in Africa and Asia (Margaret F. Myles: the Modern concept of obstetric and neonatal care 5^TH edition).

Anemia in pregnancy may be due to deficiency in iron and folic acid, this deficiency happen to be the most important causes of non hemorrhagic anemia is rated while in East Africa, folic acid anemia is common in high altitude areas but iron deficiency anemia may be due to inadequate intake or absorption of folic acids.

Deficiency in diet may be due to landrace, superstition and taboos which are most part of our cultural heritage in the society. (Richard J. Wagman (et,al.) medical and health encyclopedia). Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is a worldwide problem and no country should be hold responsible. Its existence, or expect other to control its existence for them, for a leading cause to maternal mortality within the society. It is vicious in character because it affects the heart of the mother which can easily lead to death (Margrate F. Myles: the modern concept of obstetric and neonatal care 5^th edition).

Unfortunately the number of mother being victimize by this condition has been rated alarming in our society, there has been a growing awareness among a doctors in general and observation in particular about the problem of anemia. In pregnancy (Margret F. Myles: the modern concept of obstetric and neonatal care 5^th edition).

The department of medicine and obstetric have been alerted by social and medical complication resulting from iron deficiency of anemia in pregnancy. The condition known to be physically and mentally harmful which phases different kind of dangerous to both the mothers and foetus iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is a condition affecting pregnant mother and foetus which is characterized by Oedema, pallor swelling of ankle joint dysphoea developed (Richard J. Wagman (et,al.) medical and health encyclopedia). Though the problem of anemia in pregnancy has being drastically reduce in the developed countries unlike un-developing countries with high rate of illiteracy socio-economic problem. Malnutrition starvation, and lack of adequate equipment in the health facilities to run their services. Antenatal visit having said that maternal death good yardstick for assessing the quality of obstetric carries obvious that the smaller the rate of material death in a community the better the quality of medical care (Margret F. Myles).

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA

Dutse general hospital was establish in 1972 as Dutse comprehensive health centre and was promoted to general hospital in 1985 Dutse general hospital was commission by the military Governor of the Kano state. Air Commander Hamza Abdullahi on 8th August 1985 during General Muhammadu Buhari regime according to Dutse general hospital has 250 beds. The facility has the total attachment populations of 275,962 and 258 staff with the following breakdown.

86 nurses, 30 JCHEW, 32 CHEW, 8 doctors including NYSC and 102 other the hospital offer the following services out patient care, accident and emergency, laboratory services, TB Dots, ophthalmology, Antenna! care postnatal.

Physiotherapy services immunization, scanning, X-ray, caurisehus and testing of HIV, out reach services family planning RVD management and care of PMTCl' services surgeries, nutritional health record, dental services quality assurance blood banking.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The prevalence of anemia in Dutse general hospital has been variously studied with no reliable statistics by region through estimates exist. In Dutse general hospitals specifically, there are no documented studies on prevalence. However, pregnant women attending antenatal clinics are routinely puts on iron supplementation in their second through to their trimester of pregnancy but the burden of disease remain high as determined by anemia related fetal and martanal mortality and morbidity. This study will seek to determine the prevalence of anemia in Dutse general hospital as well as its associated etiological factors. The result of this study as well as its recommendation will help put in place policies to effectively investigate and manage anemia in pregnancy and therefore reduce burden of disease.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

General Objective

“To determine the risk and method of preventing anemia among pregnant women attending ANC in Dutse general hospital.

Specific Objective

-          Identify the risk factors associated with anemia among pregnant mothers.

-          Identify the method of preventing anemia among pregnant mothers.

-          To health educates mothers in the important of ANC thereby reducing MMR following anemia condition.

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The research study is restricted to the inadequately;

a. Of anemia in pregnancy among women of child bearing age.

b. The study will select only two responsible in the community.

c. The study is also limited to the available resource found in the research process. 

1.6 RESERCH QUESTION

a. What is anemia?

b. What is the complication associated with anemia in pregnancy?

1.7 DEFINATION OF TERM

Anemia: Deficiency of red blood cell of hemoglobin.

Iron deficiency: low hemoglobin

Hemoglobin: A substance contained within the blood cell and composed of the pigment hemoglobin.

Hypotension: Anemia deficiency in blood plasma.

Albuminuna: presence of albumins in urine alumina.

Eclapsia: severe manifestation of toxemia in pregnancy.

Toxemia: Presence of toxin in the blood.

Hemorrhage: The escape of blood from the vessels either externally or internally.

Menstruationt: The flow of blood from the uterus ones in a month.

Hypoma: Diminished amount of oxygen in the tissues.

Oedema: Accumulation of fluid in the body tissue.

Helmintiasis: Condition resulting from infestation with worm.

Dystopia: Difficult or abnormal labour.

Hypothermia: Deficiency of muscles tone.

Insomnia: In ability to sleep

Oophoritis: an inflammation of the every

Poly uria: Frequent passing of urine

Micturation: Urination 

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