ABSTRACT
Anemia in pregnancy is a common problem in most developing countries and a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially in malaria endemic areas. In pregnancy, anemia has a significant impact on the health of the foetus as well as that of the mother. This study was therefore carried out to determine the effectiveness of method used to control and prevention of anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in Dutse general hospital, in order to obtain a broader best are prevention method. Pregnant women were enrolled in the study and were monitored through pregnancy for anemia. Packed cell volume (PCV) was used to assess level of anemia; Questionnaires were also administered to obtain demographic information and also the recommendations are made. 55.3% are using died for control in which 46.8% experienced significant progress while 8.5% show no progress. 44.7% used drugs in which 38.3% show significant progress while 6.4% show no progresss.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Page
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - -i
Certification - - - - - - - - - - -ii
Approval
Page - - - - - - - - - - -iii
Dedication
- - - - - - - - - - -iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - -v
Table
of Contents - - - - - - - - - -vi
Abstract
- - - - - - - - - - -viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - -1
1.1 Statement of
the problem - - - - - - - - -3
1.2 Justification
of the styudy - - - - - - - - -3
1.3 Aim and
Objectives of the study - - - -- - - -- -4
1.4 Scope and
limitation of the study - - - - - - - -4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature
review - - - - - - - - - -5
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIAL AND
METHOD
2.1 Study area - - - - - - - - - -- -16
2.2 Sample Size - - - - - - - - - -16
2.3 Method
of
Data Collection - - - - - - - -17
2.4 Data
Analysis - - - - - -- -- - - -17
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Result and Discussion - - - - - - - - -18
4.1
Result - - - - - - - - - - -18
4.2
Result - - - - - - - - - - -19
4.3
Discussion - - - - - - - - - - -21
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations - - - - - -21
5.1
Summary - - - - - - - - - - -21
5.4
Conclusion - - - - - - - - - -21
5.3
Recommendations - - - - - - - - -22
Reference - - - - - - - - - -23
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Anemia is a common complication
in pregnancy. Anemia in pregnancy is the major causes of maternal and foetal
mortality in Africa and Asia. Anemia in pregnancy may be due to deficiency in
iron and folic acid, this deficiency happens to be the most important causes of
non-hemorrhagic anemia, while in East Africa, folic acid
anemia is common in high altitude areas but iron deficiency anemia may be due
to inadequate intake or absorption of folic acids (Margaret, 2013).
Deficiency in diet may be due to landrace,
superstition and taboos which are most part of our cultural heritage in the
society. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is a worldwide problem and no
country should be hold responsible. Its existence, or expect other to control
its existence for them, for a leading cause to maternal mortality within the
society. It is vicious in character because it affects the heart of the mother
which can easily lead to death (Richard et
al., 2013)
Anemia In
Pregnancy
During pregnancy, iron stores will be used to supply
the need of the mother body and so also the fetus and maintenance of red blood
cells production further stores will be use to meet the blood loss during
delivery. There have been may educative write ups on iron deficiency anemia in
pregnancy in how the condition affect may women. From the above statement not
withstanding closeness. Anemia mostly come from various hematological disorder
which occurs in pregnancy even in developed countries. The absorption of iron from
the intestine is a function of mucosal epithelia cells of the small intestine.
The process interplay occurs between the iron which enter the cell during the
absorption period, there is greater amount of the iron fixed in the cell during
its differentiation, the leaser it can absorb only 10-20 percent of the iron
available to the macosa can absorb (Dems and Ani, 2001).
Orally in adult female the total body iron content
is between 3500ms and 500ms, below this leads to anemia 75 percent help in
erythrocytes as hemoglobin in reticular endothelial cell as in ferrite complex
and the remaining is percent will be held in the form of nyojea maglobin iron
contents is not static and that potion in erythrocyle particularly is in
constant flux. This is because the average life sperm of erythrocyte is 100days
to 120days each day erythrocyte die and disintegrate and new erythrocyte
release about 27ma of iron and is cost in the body through cell shed from the
gastro intestinal tract, the skin hair, nail and genitor urinary tract the skin
hair, nail and genitor urinary tract the developing erythrocyte requires about
27mg of iron daily, a deficient of 1mg iron, iron is lost each month by women
in the menstrual cycle (30mg) (Derek and Lewery, 1987).
Classification
Of Anemia
Anemia during pregnancy may be classified based on
etiology as:
A. Physiological anemia of pregnancy
B. Acquired
1. Nutritional iron deficiency
etc.
2. Infection malaria, hook norm
infestation.
3. Hemorrhagic acute or chronic
blood loss.
4. Bone marrow suppression
aplastic anemia drugs etc.
5. Renal disease
6. Genetic -hemoglobin opathus
sickle cell disease. (Rodak, 2007)
1.1 Statement of
the Problem
The prevalence of anemia in Dutse general hospital
has been variously studied with no reliable statistics by region through
estimates exist. In Dutse general hospitals specifically, there are no
documented studies on prevalence. However, pregnant women attending antenatal
clinics are routinely puts on iron supplementation in their second through to
their trimester of pregnancy but the burden of disease remain high as
determined by anemia related fetal and martanal mortality and morbidity. This
study will seek to determine the prevalence of anemia in Dutse general hospital
as well as its associated etiological factors. The result of this study as well
as its recommendation will help put in place policies to effectively
investigate and manage anemia in pregnancy and therefore reduce burden of
disease.
1.2 Justification of the Study
Anaemia
during pregnancy is a public health problem especially in developing countries
and is associated with adverse outcomes in pregnancy (Victor et al., 2013) World Health Organization (WHO) has
defined anaemia in pregnancy as the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration of less than 11 g/dl (WHO, 2001). According to
WHO, anaemia is considered to be of a public health significance or problem if
population studies find the anaemia prevalence of 5.0% or higher. Prevalence of
anaemia of ≥40% in a population is classified as a severe public health problem
(WHO, 2008).
1.3 Aim and
Objectives of the Study
Aim
To determine the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending ANC in
Dutse general hospital.
Objectives
-
To determine the level of Anemia among the
pregnant women base on location.
-
To determine the level of
infection among the age group.
1.4 Scope and
Limitation of the Study
The study will select only pregnant women attending Dutse General Hospital.
The study is also limited to the available resource
found in the research process.
The study will
analyse 100 pregnant women only attending Dutse General Hospital, therefore the
result obtained can not be applied elsewere apart from the communities around
the Hospital.
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