A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF REPORTED CASES OF MENTALLY RETARDED PATIENTS (A CASE STUDY OF PSYCHATRIC HOSPITAL, KAZAURE, JIGAWA STATE)

ABSTRACT

Mental retardation is a serious illness that disturbs mental alertness of an individual. Hence, little or no work has been done to investigate the efficiency of the treatment in psychiatric hospitals. Thus, this research work investigates the efficiency of the treatment used for the mental disorder in psychiatric hospital, Kazaure, Jigawa state using two way analysis of variance, data from 2010-2019 on monthly basis was collected and the results showed that there is statistically significant difference between the year among both male and female. Also, there is statistically significant difference between the diagnosis. So, also for the case of diagnosis we found out that Schizophrenia and depression, depression and mental retardation, depression and acute psychosis, depression and other disorders, mental retardation and acute psychosis, mental retardation and other disorders are statistically significantly different and Schizophrenia and seizure, Schizophrenia and acute psychosis, Schizophrenia and other disorders, seizure and acute psychosis, seizure and other disorders, acute psychosis and other disorders are not by comparison. The year (2014) has the highest cases of mental disorder and also, the disease (Schizophrenia) has the highest number of people affected.

Table of Contents

Cover Page

Declaration     -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -ii

Certification   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -iii

Dedication      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -iv

Acknowledgement      -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -v

Abstract          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -vi

Table of Contents       -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -vii

CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction          -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -1

1.1 Statement of the Problem -           -           -           -           -           -                                      -         -           -2

1.2 Aim and Objectives          -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -2

1.3 Significance of the Study -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -2

1.4 Scope of the Study            -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -3

CHAPTER TWO 

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction          -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -4

2.1 Conceptions of Mental Illness      -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -4

2.2 Prevalence of Mental Disorder     -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -6

2.3 Types of Mental Illness    -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -6

2.4 Causes of Mental Illness   -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -8

2.5 Treatment of Mental Illness         -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -10

2.6 Prevention of Mental Illness         -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -12

3.0. Introduction         -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -14

3.1 Method of Data Collection           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -14

3.2 Percentage            -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -14

3.3 Paired t-Test for the Difference of Means            -           -           -            -           -           -16

3.5 Regression            -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -17

3.4 Bar Chart              -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -18

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.0 Introduction          -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -20

4.1 Data Presentation  -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -20

4.2 Data Analysis        -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -21

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary  -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -27

5.2 Conclusion            -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -27

5.3 Recommendations            -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -27

      References            -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           -28

CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

Health is the most vital aspect of living.  Buddha (563-483BC) said that "The secret of health for both mind and body is not to mourn for the past, worry about the future, or anticipate troubles but to live in the present moment wisely and earnestly”, it is very important for growth and development of any nation despite its economic situation because a healthy nation is a wealthy nation. However, a critical analysis of health becomes difficult due to lack of proper and consistent record of health data. And without a reliable health data/record all plans made based on the incomplete or unreliable data towards improving health condition of any society will prove abortive. However the impact of mental disorder is particularly great because it affects mainly the youth. Moreover, this research work provides information on how the grow than declining and measures so that individuals can take caution in protecting their health (Lukasson et al, 1992).

Mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern associated with distress or disability that occurs in an individual and is not a part of normal development or culture. Although there are variations in the definition, assessment and classification of mental disorders, currently mental disorders are conceptualized as disorders of brain circuits likely caused by developmental processes shaped by a complex interplay of genetics and experience. In other words, the genetics of mental illness may readily be the genetics of brain development, with different outcomes possibly depending on the biological and environment context. According to Medilexicon’s Medical Dictionary, Mental illness is a subnormal development of intellectual powers, preventing a person from learning normally, looking after himself, etc.

Mental retardation refers to substantial limitations in present functioning. It is characterized by significantly sub average intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with related limitations in two or more of the following applicable adaptive skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social skills, community use, self-direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure, and work. Mental retardation manifests before age 18 (Lukasson et al, 1992)

Mental retardation refers to sub average general intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period and is associated with impairment in adaptive behavior (Bregman, 1991).

Mental retardation (MR) is a genetic disorder manifested in significantly below average overall intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior. Mental retardation is a particular state of functioning that begins in childhood and is characterized by decreased intelligence and adaptive skills and also is the most common developmental disorder (Bregman, 1991).

This research work provides information on how the grow than declining and measures so that individuals can take caution in protecting their health.

1.1 Statement of the Problem

Mental retardation is a serious illness that disturbs mental alertness of an individual. Therefore, this study will hopefully give answer to some of the problems such as: whether the rate of mental disorder is dependent on gender, types of diagnosis and residences, if type of diagnosis depends on gender. This research will also contribute to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment used in its management of the psychiatric hospital at Kazaure, Jigawa state Nigeria.

1.2 Aim and Objectives

The main aim of this research is to check the main effect of the treatment of mental disorder in our population among male and female cases.

1.     To identify whether the mentally retarded patients increase or decrease in the past 10 years.

2.     To identify the age with highest risk cases.

3.     To identify whether there is significance difference base on gender

4.     To check whether there is a significance difference between the diagnosis of mental disorder.

1.3 Significance of the Study

This research work is carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment used treating mental disorder in psychiatric hospital Kazaure, Jigawa state, and to check whether there is a significance difference between the diagnosis of mental disorder within the period under study. This research work will be beneficial to Kazaure Psychiatric Hospital Jigawa, based on its conclusions, individual for more research, the Department of Statistics, Jigawa State Polytechnic, Dutse and Nigeria at large.

1.4 Scope of the Study

This research is beneficial to the Kazaure psychiatric Hospital Jigawa and the neighboring state, based on the fact that the data used in this research is strictly from the record unit of the Centre before the commencement of the research. In the case of mental disorder there are various common and serious mental problems which may be interested to investigate their various causes and types such as the rate of mental disorder is dependent on gender, diagnosis and residences, also to check whether there is a significance difference between the diagnosis.

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