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WORKING MOTHERS PERCEPTION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF CHILDCARE CENTERS IN UMUAHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS

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Product Category: Projects

Product Code: 00009506

No of Pages: 64

No of Chapters: 1-5

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ABSTRACT

 The study assessed the management of childcare centers in Umuahia and its environs. Result from the study review that Nursery/Kindergarten was the best type of childcare center children attends in Umuahia; others were Day Care and Nanny Care. Play time, Resting time, Sleeping time, Story time, Poems, Prayer time, Drama time, Reading time and Watching cartoons are the activities included in the childcare centers children attend in Umuahia. The Hygienic conditions of childcare centers in Umuahia were Clean classroom, Clean toilet, Washing hands before eating, Washing hands after using the toilet, Neat surroundings, Sanitized toys, Designated refuse dump, Proper food storage, and Trash cans lined with polythene. Result also review that the standard of services rendered by the childcare centers in Umuahia are Expensive school fees, Few caregivers, High quality caregivers, and low quality caregivers. The study therefore recommended that activities planned by the childcare centers in Umuahia should be increased so as to give the children sense of home. Also childcare facilities, hygienic conditions of childcare centers, standard of services rendered by the childcare centers in Umuahia should be taken into policy considerations.




TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page                                                                                                                     i                                                                                                                 

Approval                                                                                                                     ii

Certification                                                                                                                iii

Dedication                                                                                                                   iv

Acknowledgement                                                                                                      v

Table of contents                                                                                                        vi

List of tables                                                                                                               vii

Abstract                                                                                                                       viii

 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1        Background of the study                                                                           1

1.2        Statement of problem                                                                               4                                                                                 

1.3        Objective of the study                                                                               5

1.4        Research questions                                                                                   5

1.5        Significance of the study                                                                          5

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      Conceptual Framework                                                                                   8

2.1.1   Influence of working mothers on childcare                                                    10

2.1.2   Positive Influence of Child Care Centers                                                        11

2.1.3   Health Care and Safety Practices Adopted by Caregivers                              13

2.2      Theoretical Framework                                                                                                                                   15

2.2.1   Emotional and Psychological Development                                                    15

2.2.2   Cognitive Development                                                                                   16

2.2.3   Physical Development                                                                                     20

2.2.4   Language Development                                                                                  20

2.2.5   Social Development                                                                                        22

2.2.6   Social Play                                                                                                       23

2.3      Related Empirical Studies                                                                               24

2.4      Summary of Literature                                                                                    26

 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1      Research Design                                                                                              28

3.2      Area of the study                                                                                             28

3.3      Population of the Study                                                                                   29

3.4      Sample and Sampling Technique                                                                    29

3.5      Instrument for Data Collection                                                                        29

3.6      Validation of the Instrument                                                                           29

3.7      Data Collection Technique                                                                              30                                                                                                                                     

3.8      Data Analysis Technique                                                                                 30

       

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1     Demographic Data of Respondents                                                                  31

4.2.1   Research Question 1                                                                                        32

4.2.2   Research Question 2                                                                                        34

4.2.3   Research Question 3                                                                                        36

4.2.4   Research Question 4                                                                                        37

4.2.5   Research Question 5                                                                                        39

4.2.6   Research Question 6                                                                                        41

 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1      Summary                                                                                                         44

5.1.1   Restatement of Problem                                                                                  44

5.1.2    Description of Procedure Used                                                                       44

5.1.3     Major Findings                                                                                                                    

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                      45

5.3        Recommendation                                                                                           45

5.4        Suggestion for Further Studies                                                                      46

5.5         Contribution to Knowledge                                                                          46

 REFERENCE                                                                                                                                           

 

 





 

 

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Demographic characteristics of working mothers in Umuahia and its environs.

Table 2: Type of childcare centers children attend in Umuahia.

Table 3: Activities planned by the childcare in Umuahia.

Table 4: Hygienic conditions of childcare centers in Umuahia.

Table 5: Standard of services rendered by the childcare centers in Umuahia.

Table 6: Ways of improving the state of childcare centers in Umuahia.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


                                                                        

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1           Background of the Study

Working mothers refers to mothers who work outside the home for income, in addition to the responsibilities of raising their families (Working mothers magazine 2001). Working mothers are experts through training and experience having certain professional degrees from professional schools, a license or certificate, experience or references, they include lecturers, medical doctors, lawyers, social workers, politician, engineers, bankers, and secretaries, among others. Working mothers are employed outside their homes and they often juggle household chores and official responsibilities together with bringing up her children the comprehensive care that they deserve (Aguirre, 2006).

Traditionally family roles are changing; women are turned out in large number in the work force due to economic necessity. The attitude towards working mothers seems to be that, mothers are not allowed to compromise on home life, and if they do, they are made to feel the error of their ways (Draznin, 2004). Working mothers who decided to work outside the home need to be clear about their priorities. Working mothers should decide, if they would be happy having servants or family members to look after the children during the working hours. Working mothers juggle work life and home; it is not really easy to cope with the pressures of high-stress job and the demands of caring for the family (Wilson, 2006).

They do face some common difficulties which are inevitable and unavoidable. The home has been stated especially for all mothers. It is true that mothers should give more time to rising up their children. Some working mothers allow nannies to perform their tasks, and most times, the result of using nannies to raise up the kids may affect children’s well being (Dubeck, 1998).

Bring up the children while working may be strenuous for the modern successful mother. It is generally mothers who seem to arrange childcare, take on responsibilities for transport to childcare facilities before and after work along with all other preparation required just to get the children to school (Edelman, 2002).

Early childcare is a very important and overlooked component of children development. Childcare providers are our children’s first teachers and therefore play an integral role in our systems of early childhood education. Quality childcare from a young age can have a huge impact on the future successes of children (“The cost of childcare” Retrieved June 2004).Low-income families, center care is of higher average quality than the home-based care (Chase-Lansdale, Coley & Grining, 2001). In addition, center care is associated with better cognitive and language development for young children than is home-based care ( NIRCHD, ECCRN, 2002).

Due to the situation of the economy and changes in the levels and living standard of people around Umuahia, many parents engaged in different work and activities to uplift their living standards and financial requirement of the people. Most of the parents involved in the different work activities are parents of toddlers and infants (Ijere and Mbanasor, 1988).

According to Diane Bales, (2015), Learning centers can be a great way for early childhood educators to help organize their childcare space and help expose children to different educational experiences. He also gave some tips on how childcare centers should be managed.

Keep it simple; Start by choosing a location for each center. Look at all of the space used by the children. Note the overall size, location of doors and windows, sinks or water sources, electric outlets, necessary traffic patterns, and permanent fixtures or equipment. Choose which learning centers will be included: Consider starting with areas that are most familiar to children such as creative art, dramatic play/housekeeping, constructive play, science, language arts, sand/water, writing, manipulative, reading, math.

Think through a plan for each center: For each center that is chosen, determine;

i.      How much space is needed?

ii.     How many children can the area and activity accommodate at one time?

iii.   What appropriate materials are currently available?

iv.   What needs to be added to furnish and equip the area?

Make it manageable: Arrange only the number of centers that can fit comfortably into the available space. Decide which one will be the first to be set up and introduced to children. Remember that children will need direction and time to become familiar with the changes.

Set rules for centers as needed: Establish how many children each area can accommodate at one time, how the number of children in each area will be controlled, how or if time limits will be imposed, and how areas will be cleaned up.

Plan how to introduce learning centers to children: Explain what materials and activities will be available, how children can choose, and what rules will apply.

Observe and evaluate: Set up notebooks or other ways to keep written track of how the children respond to the environment. Use this to evaluate the current setup, the need for new materials, or ideas for future changes.

In line with the National Policy of Education (2004) on Early Childhood Education, the objectives of ECE were started as follows:

i.      Effecting a smooth transition from the home to the school

ii.     Preparing the child for the primary level of education.

iii.   Providing adequate care and supervision for children while their parents are at work.

iv.   Inculcating in the child the spirit of enquiry and creativity through the exploration of nature and the local environment, playing with toys, artistic and musical activities, etc.

v.     Teaching cooperation and team spirit.

vi.   Teaching the rudiments of numbers, colors, shapes, letters, forms, etc through play.

vii.  Teaching of good habit especially good health habit.


1.2       Statement of Problem

Many young working mothers experience a lot of difficulties as regard to their children’s care. Problem of home accident such as razing houses, cuts, burns, falls, poisoning etc as result of lack of proper care and protection of children in Umuahia. Kidnapping of children for money rituals is also a result of inadequate care and supervision of kids by their parents due to the nature and type of work the parents are engaged in. These seem to be the greatest problem facing working mothers in Umuahia.

Ijere and Mbanasor (1998) reported that many working parents are parents of infants and toddlers hence, they hire babysitters who give little or no attention to most of the child’s physical needs. This has confronted many working parents even threaten their marriage. Most employers don’t allow extra payment for members to attend to the needs of their children during working hours. This can trigger some loss of pay if a working mother was absent from work without advance notice from the management (Edelman, 2002).

An increasing worrying issue faced by working mothers is that of childcare. It has been estimated that while working mothers from middle-income households will spend an average of six percent of their income on childcare, for those who live in poverty; this figure rises to twenty-five percent. This may account for the increase families and are becoming linked with other issues, such as the increase of violence and crime by youngsters within society. Many of these centers in their quest for profit, offer low quality facilities and hygiene levels, resulting in an unacceptable high rate of accidents and the spread of minor diseases such as cold and diarrhea (Ewan, 1999)

 

1.3       Objective of the Study

The main objective of the study is working mothers’ perception on the management of childcare centers in Umuahia and its environs. Specifically, the study will identify the following;

                i.         Childcare centers children attend in Umuahia and its environs.

               ii.         Activities planned by the childcare centers children attend in Umuahia.

             iii.         Childcare facilities found at the childcare in Umuahia.

             iv.         Hygienic conditions of childcare centers in Umuahia.

               v.         Standards of services rendered by the childcare centers in Umuahia.

             vi.         Ways of improving the state of these centers in Umuahia.


1.4       Research Questions

                i.         What are the types of childcare centers children attend in Umuahia and its environs?

               ii.          What are the activities planned by the childcare centers children attend in Umuahia?

             iii.          What are the childcare facilities found at the childcare in Umuahia?

             iv.         What are the hygienic conditions of childcare centers in Umuahia?

               v.         What are the standards of services rendered by the childcare centers in Umuahia?

             vi.         What are the ways of improving the state of these centers in Umuahia?


1.5       Significance of the Study

This work will be relevant to kids, working parents and part-time workers, the management or owners of the centers and the society at large

Kids who attend such programmes will improve in learning skills, ability and knowledge. They learn how to associate with others and society at large. They benefit by been more self sufficient and react well to separation from their parents (Schaefer, 1983). Good daycare centers include a mix of activities during the day to teach different skills such as singing, dancing, and storytelling which the kids are likely to learn from. Toddlers also benefit from the chance to socialize with other children, which they may not get to do as often or at all when a nanny or relative care for them at home. According to the “National Center for Education Statistics”, roughly 60 percent of young children attend some form of pre-primary school program. Whether the specific center calls itself an early learning center, preschool, nursery or childcare, daycare can have a profound effect on a child’s development. From bringing on budding socialization skills to affecting behavior, the daycare plays a pivotal role in the growth and changes of early childhood.

Ongoing research by the “National Institute of Child Health and Human Development” suggests that children in quality daycare centers may have an intellectual edge over those in other type of care. Among the reasons, children get to be with plenty of other children to develop both language skills, communication and social skills in these setting. For older children, the skills they learn at preschool and childcare centers mean they start school feeling confident and able to cope with the classroom. All this encouraging research means that parents don’t have to beat themselves up if they need to send their children to childcare. Too often parents feel guilty when they make this decision, but the evidence shows that mother care is good for children and so is good daycare.

Children are not the only ones who can benefit from daycare according to the university of Chicago sociologist, Mario Small. Smalls research suggest that parents that take advantage of childcare are also building “Social Capital”, and that can be a great thing; especially for new parents. Small found that “mothers using childcare reap social, psychological, and even financial rewards”. We know that when searching for a daycare, your main focus is on your children, but what if your life could benefit too from using a daycare instead of a babysitter?

One of the biggest benefits that small found were the friendships that the mothers made among themselves. At first, small admits “I assumed mothers would only make superficial friends through childcare centers. Who has the time to sit and gossip when more often than not, mothers need childcare in the first place because they work outside the home? There were also the “Hi and bye” relationships described as compartmentally strong friendships, and as small calls them extended mothers’ support systems even though they rarely resulted in meetings outside the center.

Another benefit for parents who use childcare is having the peace of mind of knowing someone will be there to take care of your children. There’s no wondering what to do if the babysitter gets sick or has a fender bender. B         y choosing a quality daycare you can meet the people who will be taking care of your children every day and get to know them as much as you would a babysitter. Along with knowing that there will always be someone there to tend to your children’s’ needs, you know they will be well trained and certified to provide an educational and stimulating environment for them.

Also, working parents and part time workers benefit in such a way that they will concentrate on their duties in their different workplaces. It will also enable them to partake in training opportunities and fieldwork, provide adequate care and supervision to the kids needs.

The management and or owners of the centers will benefit by earning revenue from such investment and hence improve on their standard of living. The society at large will benefit in that standard of education will improve from grass root. Also, living standard of people in general will suit the economy of the country because many parents that are of working age are in paid job.

 

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