TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
1.4 Aim
and Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research
Questions
1.6 Significance
of the Study
CHAPTER
TWO
REVIEW
OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Conceptual
Review
2.3 Theoretical framework
2.3.1 The Moralist Theory
2.4 Empirical
Review
CHAPTER
THREE
METHODOLOGY
AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3.1 Research
Design
3.2 Area
of Study
3.3 Method
of Data Collection and Analysis
CHAPTER
FOUR
DATA
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Data Analysis
4.1.1 Themes in three Stories from the novel Night
of Intruders and Other Stories
4.1.1.1 Themes in “The King’s Man”
The
Theme of Wisdom
The Theme of Poverty
The
Theme of Reincarnation
The
Theme of Retrocognition, Foresight and Forgiveness
The
Theme of Friendship
4.1.1.2 The Themes in Clement Odia’s “The
Burden Bearer”
The
Theme of Poverty
The
Theme of Burden Bearing
The
Theme of Love end Jealousy
The
Theme of Prodigal
The
Theme of Cheating and Human Sacrifice
4.1.1.3 The Themes in “Night of Intruders”
The
Theme of Love
The
Theme of Friendship
The
Theme of Anarchy and Brutality
The
Theme of Causation
4.1.2 Language Use
Proverbs
Diction
Diction
of “Night of Intruders”
Figurative
Language
Figurative
Language in “The King’s Man”
Paradox
Personification
Figurative
language in “The Burden Bearer”
Personification
Metaphor
Synecdoche
Euphemism
Figurative
Language in “Night of Intruders”
Metaphor
Personification
Euphemism
4.2 Findings
CHAPTER
FIVE
SUMMARY
OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
Works
Cited
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the
Study
Ezra Pound, in ABC of
Reading (28), states that great literature is ‘language charged with
meaning to the utmost possible degree’. Great writers use language with
originality, mastery, and ingenuity. Some writers have little originality when
writing which is beyond their individual voice while the language use of great
writers is charged with meaning of a greater degree giving their work greater content
and value. Winifred Nowottny, in The
Language Poets Use (25), writes that ‘some poets in weighing words, are
consciously vigilant of the effects which may be produced by use of their
corporeal characteristics as they are of their conceptual meanings’ he cites
Paul Valéry as an example of archetypal poet creating a literary work by virtue
of ‘looking for one word which has to satisfy at least six conditions’. It is
this conscious charging of language with meaning that contributes to the
difference between a great and an ordinary writer.
Clement
Odia, in his selected stories, show great skills in his use of language. He
weaves them into complete literary work. From the standing point of formalist
idea, a true literature must be considered and evaluated without bringing
additional meaning from the outside world. Every literary work is a complete
world of itself. Odia’s Night of Intruders and Other Stories, displays
great mastery with thought provoking themes through language. The stories have
complete worlds of themselves.
In
every literary text, according to the consequentialist moralist theorist as
propounded by G. E. M. Anscombe choices are made by characters these choices
often come with consequences which could sometime end well while at other time,
ends bad. Although every character makes choices which they expect to benefit
them in the long run but sometimes the unpredictability of the future could
make these choices diary. Every choice is made with the intention of a better
outcome.
In contemporary literary
studies, a theme is a central topic, subject, or message within a narrative.
This can often be summed in a single word (for example, love, death, betrayal).
Typical examples of themes of this type are conflict between the individual and
society; coming of age; humans in conflict with technology; nostalgia; and the
dangers of unchecked ambition. A theme may be exemplified by the actions,
utterances, or thoughts of a character in a novel. A story may have several
themes. Themes often explore historically common or cross-culturally
recognizable ideas, such as ethical questions, and are usually implied rather
than stated explicitly. An example of this would be whether one should live a
seemingly better life, at the price of giving up parts of one's humanity. Along
with plot, character, setting, and style, theme is considered one of the
components of fiction.
Language analysis in
literature also called literary analysis is the process of breaking details
down into smaller parts to examine the author's use of language. The author
makes use of different devices in building a literary work. These devices
include symbolism, allusions, diction, syntax, figurative language, metaphors,
tone, themes, and foreshadowing among others.
Punctuations such as full stop, comma, question mark, apostrophe, and
colon are also crafted into a beautiful literary writing.
Clement
Odia Night of Intruders and Other
Stories provides us the primary source with which to analyze the connection
between themes and language use. Thus this study shall be centered on the themes
and language in the text from the standpoint of consequentialist moralist
theory.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Every literary work is a
masterpiece of craftsmanship. The mastery of each piece makes it a mastery
because according to Northrop Frye (19), a good literary work cannot be
exhausted but gives rise to endless thought. Therefore, this project seeks to
bring out the themes and language use in some selected stories in clement Odia’s
Night of Intruders and Other Stories using G.E.M Anscombe’s
consequentialist moralist theory
1.4
Aim and Objectives of the Study
The aim of this research
work is to critically analyze the themes and language use in Clement Odia’s Night
of Intruders and Other Stories using the consequentialist moralist theory
. It investigates the
language use by the writer and how characters within the work use this language
to enrich the plot structure.
This study has the
following objectives:
1. To find the themes within the different short stories and
how they make up the story.
2. To show how the language use of the writer enriches the
work, bringing out the morals behind them.
1.4 Research Questions
The
research raises two research questions namely;
1.
To what extent has the language of the various stories contributed to their
development?
2.
How does the language use build up the themes in those short stories?
1.5 Scope of Study
The research will examine the
themes and language use in “The King’s Man”, “The Burden Bearer” and “Night of
the Intruders” all within Clement Odia’s Night of Intruders andOther Stories.
The researcher will examine the language of the stories such as the use of
diction, proverbs and the mechanics of writing which include full stop, comma,
question mark and others.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This research
shall contribute largely to scholarship on literary discourse. It will be
relevant to the student of literature in knowing how literary language operates
and how it shed light on themes of a literary piece
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