ABSTRACT
In thus
work the incidence of candidacies was studied using selected patients of
university of Nigeria teaching hospital Enugu analyzed for the presence of
candidacies yeast infection. The specimens were cultured on seaboards agar and
blood agar and subculture isolated were C aibicans C Tropical C Knusei C Pseudoizo P
cals C paraknusei and C stellatoides. The prevalence of candidacies among
patients of UNTH was monitored in
terms of level of occurrence and microbial types. Also the prevalence of
candidicesis infection was 40% samples
under study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of
contents
CHAPTER ONE
1:1 introduction
1.2
Aim and objectives
1.3
Statement of problem
1.4
Singnificant of study
1.5
Scope of study
1.6
Limitation
1.7
Hypothesis
CHAPTER TWO
2.1
Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
3.1
Methodology
3.2
Sterilization of methodology
3.3
Population sample
3.4
Preparations of culture media
3.5
Collection of samples
3.6
Identification of isolates
3.7
Antibiotle sensitivity disc testing
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
Results
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1
Recommendation
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Reference
5.4
Appendix
LIST OF TABLE
Table I: Age
distribution and incident of candidacies. Infection among single and married
women of different age group patients unit
Table II: Diameter of
zone of l one of inhibition of the organisms with each antibiotic after 24 hours incubation
Table III: Antimicrobial
senses pattern of organisms isolated
Table IV: The protein
of 80 urine sample detected with aibustixstrips.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Candeda: This is a yeast like
fungi several of which cause disease in man about 90% of infection are to
candida albicans, which is normally present in mouth, intestine and veginal it
is responsible for the infection in the
sites defense mechanisms (carousal 1990)
Candida
abbacies usually appears as oval yeast like cell that reproduce by budding
however in infected areas. Filamentous hyphare plus pseudolyphae (which consist
of elongated yeast cells that remain attached to each other many also be seen
the yeast is easily grown at 250c 40 37 0c on sabouraudis
glucose agar and if grown on cor a meal agar at 250c the organism
can produce many characteristic thick walled chlamydospore Van leeuweuhoed (2
000) candida albicans is measured about 2.5 to 4.0 wm in diameter which can
gives rise to pseudomycellun, in the body it has no sexual form the body it has
no sexual form in poor medic at
temperature of 2b0c it produces thick wall and
resting cells is about 7 to 17 m in test positive in maminaliam serum it has
the ability to split urear. it is pathogenic to rabbits. guinea Pig s and with where it cause abscesses in the kidney
when give intran Veroush (Eleke, 2002).
Oral
candidacies oral candidacies also called oral thrush) occurs and most
frequently in the new born and is
probably acquired during passage through and infected vagina the yeast appears as a creamy grade
membrane covering the tongue and appears able to produce disease only
because of the absence of their
resident normal flora (Prescott et al; 1994) if thrush has not occurred by the
3rd day of life it is likely that it will appear but it should occur
which will usually disappear without
treatment as other members of the normal flora are acquired
Oral thrush
in order children or Adults may occur as a result of endocrine disturbance or ceutaninosis
(Particularity a deficiency of rib flauin as a complication of diabeta, as
a result of poor oral hyepene or following
the administration of corticosteroides or autibutics oral thrush also occur in
bottle feed infants which the magnification of my white patches cowering red
raw areas of mucous manbrance vanities , vagines cendiass is seen most
frequents in women with diabetes, milieus deny pregnamai or following prolonged
antibiotic therapy. The prominent symptom is a yellow, milk, veginals discharge
yeast cells and pseudo my cell can be found on the mucous membrane and such
infections may result in an intense inflammation of the entire ingunal area
according to Atlas 199: 13) he state vaginal thrush in pregnant women are susceptible here with production of whish
discharge with a pH below 5.2. Alimentary candidacies. Alimentary candidacies
may follow essentially any of the predisposing conditions listed for adult oral
thrush; however the majority of cases occur as a result of prolonged broad spectrum
antibiotics therapy which destoirys a large part of the normal flora of
the intestine. The organisms may also cause interse inflammation of the parinal
region the region around the arws and may spread to the and thing coetaneous are systemic candidacies infection
of the skin by Candida usually occurs in those with metabolic disorders in
those whose obesity result in continuously most tools of skin or in persons in
whom part of the body are kept moist under surgical dressings According to
Prescott et al (1999, 18) systemic
candidacies is exlvecnely but in debilitated person or those receiving immuno
suppresure drugs sandida albicans can cause urinary trait infection
endocarditis and meningitis chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is also a rare
syndrome in which the skin mucous membranes
hair and nails become infected, such infections appears to occur in
persons with T. cell defects manifested by their inability to respond to
Candida certigens, in addition to vaging yeast infections the acid environment
of the veginal and the proliferation of normal vaginal bacterial limited
its growth when the environment of the
vegina changes, situations that change the environment of the birth control pills. Which often
change the vaginal pH or taking bread spectrum cutibioties such as tertiary
cline which kills the normal vaginal bacteria in addition, patients with Aids
of uncontrolled eddiabetes often develop yeast infections.
1.2
AIM AND
OBJECTIVES
To
determine the prevalence of fugal infection among the patients of UNTH Enugu
To
determine the prevalence of fungal infection among single and married women of
different age group patient
To
determine the yeast type involved.
To
determine the autimicrobial sensitivity pattern of isolates involves.
1.3
SCOPE OF
STUDY
This
research work is limited to only patients of single and married women of
different a group in hematology laboratory in university teaching hospital Enugu. The work was
carried out with the use the necessary material such as early morning urine,
HVS swab samples which was collected
from those women vaginal
1.4
LIMITATION
In carrying
out the research work. It was so
stressful for me in area like buying of my material. I used for my practices
that very costly I also went to different markets to get what I want then in
carrying out my particle it was not easy for me also the money I was ask was not enough for due buying of book s and transporting price that is not
steady also I found it very difficult to use university teaching hospital Enugu library
1.5
STATEMENT
OF PROBLEMS
Candidiasis
has caused a lot of problem in our societies this days because of has the
nature of the disease look like such as the discomfort it causes to people like
itching which causes a lot of embrcincement to people publicly
Secondary
the to candidiasis cause frequented urinating people that are suffering from
the disease will not found it easy to stay in a public for a long time without
beivery disgrace by this infection another problem with this infection is when
it stays long in the body it will make the person that is suffering from it to
be smelling due to severe discharge.
1.6
SINGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
The study
of this research topic will provide more constructor frame work to formation or
creating a way of Eradicating the infection ( candidiasis it also help to educate people the cause and consequence of
the infection candidacy. It will also help the communities to know the risk of
staring thing that makes people to contact the disease, it will also help to
provide precaution measure that will help in preventing the infection.
finally
this research work will help to reduce the high rate of the disease occurrence
and gives an insight into our communities
1.8
HYPOTHESIS
H0 The infection (candidiasis) is more prevalent
in single women than married women
H1 The infection (candidiasis) is
more prevalent in married women than in single women
H2 pregnancy is one of the factors that can
change the pH or taking broad spectrum antibiotics.
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