ABSTRACT
The training and
development of employees and management team has continued to evolve time and
time again. Training and development has come to be seen as pivotal in
implementing organizational-wide cultural change efforts, such as developing a
commitment to customer service, adopting total quality management, or making a
transition to work directed work teams. A successful training begins with a
thorough needs assessment to determine which employees need to be trained and
what they need to be trained to do. Any training undertaken without a careful
analysis of whether or not it is needed is likely to be ineffective and a waste
of money. However, this research is concerned with the effects of training and
development on the employees of Power Holding Company of Nigeria and this has
proved to be vital to future economic, socio-cultural and the sustenance of civilization
of the larger Nigerian society. Training and development in PHCN is still
haphazard, disjointed and uncoordinated. To move forward improvement and
thorough needs assessment and proper analysis is important in order not to
continue wastage of human and capital resources due to lack of proper training.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1
Backgrounds to the study
1.2
Statement of problem
1.3
Objectives of the study
1.4
Research questions
1.5
Research hypotheses
1.6
Significance of the study
1.7
Scope limitation of the study
1.8
Definition of terms
1.9
Organization of the study
1.10
Organization of the study
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Introduction
2.2
Concept of management
2.3
Rationale for training
2.4
Training techniques
2.5
Tools for manpower development in organizations
2.6
The relevance of training and
development in Nigeria
2.7
Problem of training and development
in Nigeria
2.8
Options for effective training and
development in Nigeria
2.9
Strategy for training and
development
2.10
Cost of training and development
2.11
Training and development programmes
2.12
The training phase
2.13
The evaluation phase
2.14
Theoretical framework
2.15
Human resources development in the
future
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
3.2
Restatement of research questions
3.3
Research hypotheses
3.4
Research design
3.5
Population of the study
3.6
Sample and sampling techniques
3.7
Data collection instruments
3.8
Administration of instrument
3.9
Validity and reliability of the
instrument
3.10
Method of data analysis
3.11
Limitations of the methodology
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION,
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1
Introduction
4.2
Respondents' characteristics and
classification
4.3
Presentation and analysis of data
according to test of hypotheses
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY,
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0
Introduction
5.1
Summary of findings
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Recommendations
5.4 Suggestions
for further studies
References
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKROUND
TO THE STUDY
For
any organization to succeed, the human element has to be developed, and
motivated. It has been proved overtime that training and development is closely
linked to the short, medium, and longtime business plans and has been seen as a
vital element in the organization's ability to prove itself with its customers.
These provides those responsible for implementing training and development with
the best possible raison d'etre - a direct contribution to corporate goals.
Thus in a fast moving consumer goods Company, training will be geared towards
sales achievements against the competition. In a high- technology company,
training will be geared to product quality and innovation. In a district
general hospital, training will be geared towards the provision of a high and
reliable standard of patient care.
The
training function, now popularly called the Human Resource Development [HRD],
coordinates the provision of training and development experiences in
organizations. Training function begins with the diagnosing of training needs
and the establishments of a clear cut objective for training programs. The next
step is to design and deliver training programs that uses appropriate methods
and procedures to maximize the learning and subsequent job performances of trainees
(Bamtefa, 2000).
Recent
changes in the environment of business have made the HRD functions even more
important in helping organizations maintain competitiveness and prepare for the
future. Technological innovations require training for affected employees.
Competitive pressures are also changing the way organizations operate and the
skills that their employees need. For instance organizations need to provide
quality management and customer service trainings so as to keep up with the
rising challenge of consumer expectations. Restructuring and downsizing also
means that many employees need to be trained to take on expanded
responsibilities.
The
training and development of employees is an issue that has to be faced by every
organization. The amount, and quality of training carried out varies enormously
from one organization to another. Factors influencing the quantity and quality
of training and development activities according to Wayne (2007) include:
1.
Degree of change in external environment
[e.g. technological change, new legislation etc]
2.
Decree of internal change [new processes,
new markets, etc]
3.
Availability of suitable skills within the
work force
4.
Adaptability of the existing work force
5.
The extent to which the organization
supports the idea of internal career development
6.
The commitment of senior management to
training as an essential part of economic development
7.
The extent to which management sees
training as a motivating factor in work
8.
Knowledge and skills of those responsible
for carrying out the training
Trainings
and development are provided for many reasons: to orient new recruits to the
organization, or to teach them on how to perform in their initial tasks to
improve the current performance of employees who may not be working as
effectively as desired, preparing employees for future promotions or for
upcoming changes in designs, processes or technology in their present job
(Stradder, 2003).
Finally,
art organizations philosophy and strategy are inextricably linked with its
approach to improving the current or future performance of its employees.
Organizations that are not committed to the training and development of their
own workforce will instead seek to hire skilled employees from outside. It is
important to note that training and developments of employee can also help
reduces cost, by reducing wastages in production. Training and development
provides a framework for improving business performance and competitiveness
through a systematic approach setting and communicating business objectives and
developing people to meet these objectives.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It
is not just enough to set up an organization, employ people to work and procure
machines to be utilized. The main objective of human resource department of any
organization is to help contribute to the organizations overall goals. Training
programs should be developed systematically and with the organizations true
needs in mind. The basic problem facing organization is the problem of human
resources. Every organization at some point in time will have a need, which is
linking the individuals to the strategic places, functions, and positions in
the organization.
A
survey of management training practice revealed that only 27% of organizations
systematically assessed the training needs of their managers. Often there is no
systematic effort to predict future training needs or to determine if perceived
needs and problem actually exist and can be properly addressed. It has also
been discovered that training are done without careful analysis of whether or
not it is needed or that it is likely to be ineffective and a waste of money.
As inappropriate training can also sour the attitudes of trainees towards all
organizationally sponsored trainings and may reduce their motivation to attend
future and perhaps more useful programs.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
1.
To determine the relationship between
training and development of workers and organizational growth.
2.
To determine the essentiality of training
and development on organizational success.
3.
To know the extent to which workers
behavior could change as a result of training and developmental programs.
4.
To identify various stages of
implementing the training and development programs for effectiveness.
5.
To make recommendations based .on the findings
of the
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
Do employees need additional training
program to meet up with organizational goals?
2.
To what extent does systematic training
and development change employee’s behaviour towards improved performance?
3.
Can organized training and development of
employees lead to customer’s satisfaction?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
1.
Ho: Employees do not require additional
training and development to meet up with organizational changing demand.
HI: Employees do
not require additional training and development to meet up with organizational
changing demand
2.
Ho: Systematic training and development
programmes do not significantly change employees behaviours and perception
towards assigned tasks.
Hi: Systematic
training and development programmes significantly change employees behaviours
and perception towards assigned tasks.
3.
Ho: training and development of workforce
will not lead to customer's satisfaction
Hi: training and
development of workforce will improve customer’s satisfaction.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
With
this research carried out, organizations should know that training and
development is a learning activity which is directed towards future needs,
rather present needs, and which is concerned more with career growth than
immediate performance, Managers must realize the need to apply a systematic and
coordinated approach to training and development of employees as the only way
to achieve success.
This
research will also be of immense benefit to students of managements, as it will
help them to know that with a well-trained work force organizations will tum
out a high standard of goods and services, in a more cost-effective manner.
As
a result of this research, government should ensure that organizations embarked
on training and development of their staff as a means of enriching the country
with competent, productive, and professionally trained working class.
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This
research focuses mainly on the Effect of Training and Development on
Organizational Growth, and the study is based on Power Holding Company of
Nigeria [P.H.C.H]. due to factors such as logistics, time and financial
constraints in carrying out the study extensively to cover every aspect, the
study has been restricted to a particular site preferably the office of P.H.C.N
located at Oba Akron Road, Ikeja, Lagos.
Time
constraints, financial constraints, frivolity of workers during interview, and
the unavailability of adequate data bank for information are few of the
limitations encountered during the course of the research exercise.
1.8 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Education: This
is any long-term learning activity which is aimed at preparing individuals for
a variety of roles in society: as citizens, workers, and members of family
groups. The primary focus of education is on the individual and his or her
needs, and secondly on the community as a whole.
Learning: It
is process of acquiring knowledge, understanding, skills, and values in order
to be able to adapt to the environment in which we live. Such adaptation
generally, but by no means always, involves some recognizable change in our
behavior.
Training: This
is any learning activity which is directed towards the acquisition of specific
knowledge and skills for the purposes of occupation or task. The focus of
training is the job or task. This is any learning activity which is directed
toward future needs rather than present needs, and which is concerned more with
career growth than immediate performance. The focus of development tends to be
primarily on an organization's future manpower requirements, and secondly on
the growth needs of individuals in the workplace.
Growth: This
refers to an increase in some quantity over time; the quantity can be physical
[e.g. growth in height, growth in an amount of money] or abstract [e.g. a
system becoming more complex, an organism becoming more mature]. This
expression refers to decisions about the deployment and treatment of personnel taken
by line units as well as personnel specialists. HRM implies an approach which
recognizes that employees are only one group among several, such as customers
and shareholders, who have a claim on the resources of the organization. In
practice, HRM cannot be considered different from Personnel management approach
operating in a competitive environment.
Management development: A
systematic process for ensuring that an organization meets its current and
future needs for effective managers; typical features include manpower reviews,
succession planning, performance appraisal and training, both on and off the
job.
Organization development: A
long-range, or strategic approach to change .involving the whole organization,
or a major part of it, aimed at improving organizational processes and cultural
development as a major contribution to the organization's mission and goals
Employee: One
who is recruit to work under the' supervision of a boss and he or she is being
paid for it. Such a person may also be called a staff, subordinate or a worker.
1.9 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
The
study comprised five different chapters with each of the chapter discussing
different part of the work. Chapter one will contain the introductory part of
the work with other headings like the general background to the study,
statement of the problem, objectives, research questions, hypotheses, its
significance and the scope of the study.
Chapter
two discusses the review of related literature and theoretical framework.
Chapter three focuses on the research methods adopted for the study. Amongst
other things, it discussed research design, population, sampling technique,
instrument an others. Chapter four contains the data analysis, presentation and
test of hypotheses, and finally, chapter five treats summary, the conclusion
and recommendations.
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