PROJECT PROPOSAL
INTRODUCTION
Computer as
an automated sophisticated high technology has come to have potential
significant affect on business profession such a accounting.
With modern
days, development accountants specialized knowledge and expertise is directed
to collecting, collating, interpreting and communicating a wide range of
accounting information needed for a sound day-to-day control of accounting
system in a business organisation can be analysed both positively and
negatively but nevertheless the positive effects are much more than the
negative effects.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The
strategic analysis of problems facing a computerized accounting system and by
implication it means that the accuracy of these statement is very important to
be dealt with as it affects the extent
of dependability an subsequent utilization of information.
The
statement had to do with computerized accounting system has been able to have
impact or effect on the volume of work quality of services demanded by clients,
savings time of customers and to effect changes in cost revenue and profit of a
business organization.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
(1)
Describe the accounting procedures in operation.
(2)
Explain the main accounting principles adopted.
(3)
Find out if the positive effects of computerization
and accounting system in a business organisation are more than the negative
effects.
(4)
The effect of computerized accounting system, how the
computer has become relevant to the practice of accounting in a business
organisation in recording business transactions and events of a financial
nature, with a view of preparing financial statement and alerting such
statement.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
(1)
What are the accounting procedures in the Guardian
Newspaper Limited?
(2)
What are the positive and negative effects of computerized
accounting system in a business organisation?
PLAN OF STUDY
The project
shall contain five chapters:
CHAPTER ONE: This
chapter deals with the background of the study and the purpose of study. The
aim of the research question is to give a clear focus of the study. It shall
also deal with the significance, scope and limitation of the study.
CHAPTER TWO: This deals with the evaluation of accounting
division and different phases of computer system. The objective of accounting
information system and computer and the new Generation accountants shall also
be treated. The effect of computerized accounting system in a business
organisation shall be dealt with.
CHAPTER THREE: This
shall deal with the method of data analysis, collection of data, research
design, target population and quantitative analysis of collected data.
CHAPTER FOUR: This data
mainly with finding on research question and data on respondent.
CHAPTER FIVE: This
contains the summary of all major findings and conclusion based on the
analysis. Finally, recommendation will be made.
METHODOLOGY
The method
that shall be used for obtaining adequate information as regards this study
shall be collection of published work like journals, newspaper, magazines and
personal interviews that would be carried in the staff of Guardian Newspaper
Nigeria Limited.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Certification i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iii
Proposal iv
Table of Contents viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
Introduction 1
1.2
Background of Study 1
1.3
Statement of Problem 3
1.4
Purpose of Study 4
1.5
Research Question 5
1.6
Hypothesis 5
1.7
Significance of Study 5
1.8
Scope and Limitation of Study 6
1.9
Summary 6
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1
Brief Introduction to Computer 7
2.2
Computer System and Evolution of Computer
Technology 7
2.3
Evaluation of Accounting Division 11
2.4
Objectives of Accounting Information System 15
2.5
Application Software in Guardian Newspaper Limited 16
2.6
Computer and the New Generation Accountants 19
2.7
Computerized Accounting Implementation and
Operation 20
2.8
Effects of Computerized Accounting System in a
Business
Organisation 22
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction 24
3.2
Research Design 24
3.3
Administration of Data Schedule 24
3.4
Quantitative Analysis of Collected Data 25
3.5
Collection of Data 25
3.6
Hypothesis 26
3.7
Target Population
26
3.8
Limitation of Methodology 27
3.9
Method of Data Analysis 27
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1
Introduction 28
4.2
Percentage Analysis of Respondents Bio-Data 28
4.3
Test of Hypothesis 42
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1
Summary 45
5.2
Recommendation 46
5.3
Conclusion 47
Bibliography 48
Questionnaire
CHAPTER
ONE
1.1
INTRODUCTION
Computer as
an automated sophisticated high technology, has come to have potential significant
effect on business profession such as accounting.
With modern
days development accountants specialized knowledge and expertise is directed to
collecting, collating, interpreting and communicating a wide range of
accounting information needed for a sound day-to-day control of the use of
resources. The impact o computerization of accounting system in a business
organisation can be analysed with positively and negatively but nevertheless the positive effects are
much more than the negative effects.
1.2 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Accounting
practices have changed exceptionally and rapidly in the last decades,
particularly because of changes of laws and standards. Accountants and goes through stages in the
preparation of financial statements and other accounts.
First is
the dependence on foreign standards such as International Accounting Standards
(IAS) Financial accounting Standard
Board, Besides the issuing of Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS),
the Nigerian Accounting Standard Board
(NASB) is saddled with two major responsibilities.
These are:
1.
To ensure that financial reporting satisfy legal
requirement stipulated in company and Allied Matters Acts of 1990.
2.
To ensure that the prepared financial statements and
accounting confirm with international standard (NASB), 1984. Accounting system
in a business organisation is changing with new markets springing up such as
the proliferation of banking establishment and establishments of new newspaper.
These new
establishments usually computerized their operations. Some of them employed
Data Base Management system (DBMS) like Newswatch magazine. The employment of
computer bring about a reduction in the time taken to process data and produce
output, easier access to store data, increasing processing capacity without an
increase in staff and an overall improvement in the quality of management
information, better management report that are relevant to manager’s work,
produced more accurately and on time due to the positive effects of
computerization. Coping with effects of computerization in accounting system in
a business organisation which brought about changes necessitates the inclusion
of courses in data processing, system analysis and designs in the examination
of most professional bodies like I.C.A.N and C.I.M.A. Infact, in many companies
nowadays where computers are used extensively, their accountants are sent on
further training system analysis and design.
1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The
strategic analysis of problems facing a computerized accounting system and by
implication, it means that the accuracy of these statement is very important to
be dealt with as it affects the extent of dependability and subsequent
utilization of information.
The
statement has to do with how computerized accounting system has been able to
have impact of effects on the volume of work, quality of services demanded by
clients, saving time of customers and to effect changes in cost, revenue and
profit of an business organisation.
1.4 PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose
of this project is to know:
1.
The effects of computerized accounting system, how
the computer has become relevant to the practice of accounting in a business
organisation, in recording business transactions and events of a financial
nature with a view to preparing financial statement and alerting such
statements.
2.
Describe the accounting procedure in operation.
3.
Explain the main accounting principles adopted.
4.
Find out if the positive effects of computerization
and accounting system in a business organisation are more than the negative
effects.
1.5
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
At the end
of this research critical examination and analysis would have to been given the
following questions
1.
What are the positive and negative effects of
computerized accounting system in a business organisation?
2.
What impact has computer played in the accounting
system in areas of services, time savings, cost reduction and revenue
generated?
3.
How can computer be used to operate on:
(a)
Trading, profit and loss account
(b)
Balance sheet statements
(c)
Statements of sources and uses of finds
4.
What are the accounting procedures in the Guardian
Newspaper Limited?
5.
Is the positive effects more than the negative
effects.
1.6 HYPOTHESIS
Ho: There is
positive effect of computerization of accounting system in a business
organisation.
Ho: These is no
positive effect of computerization of accounting system in a business
organisation.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
Computer
has truly become a part of everyday life, though some people see it on a
negative side as making more and more people lazy by taking over their jobs and
roles. Despite these waves of criticism, its utilization has continuously
increased factors of production in an accounting business organisation. As in
most profession, the use of the electronic data processions in accounting has
presented two sides:
1.
One that threatens the professional in the field
vis-a-vis their roles and
2.
The sides that hold promise to the study problem.
1.8 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY
Accounting
applications can be broadly divided into three (3) namely:
1.
Financial Accounting
2.
Management Accounting/Administrative Accounting
3.
Additive Accounting
However,
because of time constraint, as indicated by the time allowed for this study and
because of need to afford detailed and not surface treatment of the effects of
computerized accounting system in a business organisation, this study is
limited to only financial and management accounting operations of the Guardian
Newspaper Limited.
1.9 SUMMARY
The chapter
has dealt with the introductory aspect of this research work, issues like
statement of problem, purpose of study, background of the study, scope and
limitation, others are highlighted.
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