TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Statement
of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Scope of the Study
Definition of the Key Terms
Significance
of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
Education
Girl child education
Importance of educating Girl-Child for the overall development on
Society
Challenges Facing Girls-child
Education
Appraisal of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
Research Designs
Population, Sample and Sampling Techniques
Research Instrument
Validity of the Instrument
Reliability of the Instrument
Administration of the Instrument
Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND
RESULTS
Summary of the Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION,
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Discussion
of Results
Conclusions
Recommendations
Suggestions for Further Studies
REFERENCES
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Education is the
best legacy a nation can give to her citizens especially to the youths. This is
because the development of any nation or community depends largely on the
quality of education of such nation. It is generally believed that the basis of
any true development must commence with the development of human resources.
Girls
have
had various challenges in order to obtain equal education in all forms of
formal education in Nigeria. Findings revealed that Girl child had been
in this imbroglio before the advent of the full practice of Islam by the
Prophet Muhammad (P.B.O.H). It could be perceived that access to education by girls is considered a significant
indicator for the progress of a society; however, society’s belief is a contributing factor to
the bane of girls’ child education, and, children including girls are the future of the nation which they need
to be protected and promoted intellectually.
Education is a basic human right and has been
recognized as such since the 1948 adoption of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights.
A positive correlation exists between the enrollment of girls in primary school
and the gross national product and increase of
life expectancy.
Girl-child
Education has been promoted by the international development community for over
two decades; however, it has proven harder to promote gender equality through
education. There is no doubt that education has social and economic benefits
for the general public and private individuals. However, many children girls
today are completing primary and even secondary Education. Improving the
quality of education of girls not only improves individual children’s quality
of life, but also develops the country as a whole. However, the following
definitions are taken as operational terms:
According to Ocho (2005), Education
is the process through which individuals are made functional members of their
society. Education is a human right that should be accorded to all human beings
solely because of being human. Many International Human Right institutions
advocate for education as a fundamental human right. These include the 1948
Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the 1966 International Covenant of
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the 1981 Africa Charter on Human and
People’s Right. This is why there has been a lot of emphasis particularly in
recent times for all citizens of the world to have access to Basic Education.
Adeyinka, (1982) Says that education is the art of
learning. (Ugwuadu, & Adamu, (1996) explains education as the art of
acquiring knowledge, skills and values for adjustment in society and
problem-solving.
Girl child Education is a kind of formal enlightenment
given to a girl child purposely to functions successfully in the society and to
be useful to herself. Girls’ education is good economics. It is the best
investment in a country’s national development. We know this, educating girls
enhances growth rates and reduces social disparities. NPCN (2009). explains Girls
with higher educational qualifications are more likely to be in formal wage
employment than those with only primary schooling. Suen (2013) asserts that a
famous African proverb apprises us, “If you educate a man, you educate an
individual, but if you educate a woman/girl you educate a family (nation)”.
Bullock, (2002) also proves that the woman in turn trains and builds-up
the character of the future leaders of the nation.
According to Murphy (2009), the
education of girls in a society determines its social, financial, natural,
physical and human capitals, and contributes to its growth and development.
Education is a significant factor influencing the socio-economic and health
conditions of the family and for determining gender relations in society.
Moreover, AmartyaSen (1989) stresses that the education of girls strengthens
their position in the family and community and thereby produces multiple
benefits. One of the key objectives of the World Education forum on Education
for all adopted by the World Summit for Children in 1990 is universalizing
access and promoting equity in the area of education. This Forum identified
provision of access, the improvement of quality education for both girls and
women and remove obstacles that hampers their active participation and all
gender stereotyping in education as an urgent priority area for development
intervention.
Bhagavatheeswaran, et al (2016),
explains that educating girls has a far-reaching effect on sustainable
development and girls should have an equal right to quality education. Jones (2011),
also said, everyone has the right to education. UN (1948), Also contributes
that education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental
stages. The statement proves that when there is free Education at least in the
elementary stages girl child will have chances of having education so as to
help them in the nearest future. Andrés & Chavez (2015), asserts that elementary
education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be
made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to
all on the basis of merit. Education can improve capabilities of a person, and
that person can bring positive social change in society.
The human rights model was
developed by UNESCO and UNICEF. This rights-based approach declares that every
human being, including every child, is entitled to receive an education, even
when one cannot be sure that this education will pay off in human capital
terms. Every child should get access to quality education with dignity and
respect, and without discrimination (UNICEF, 2007).
Educating
girls is critical for the development of communities and broadly for society as
a whole. Education is the most sustainable way to address global challenges
like poverty, health issues, ignorance, lack of tolerance and conflicts, among
others. As a male expert summarized, “It is absolutely important to educate
girls. Eastern philosophy says “while with one hand a woman will shake the cradle,
with the other hand she would change the world!” Somani (2017), affirmed that
it is widely acknowledged that investments in the health, education and
employment of young people, particularly adolescent girls, are among the most
cost-effective development expenditures that may be undertaken.
Education
is one of the major instruments of social change and it is the force, which
brings changes in the traditional outlook of the people, and it develops
insight for judging things in their context. It is visualized that the more the
percentage of educated people, the more will be the rate of development.
Education of a girl is like educating a family while educating a boy is merely
educating a person. The importance of female education in a society and its
spreading to all section of the life is well appreciated and documented to
solve existing and emerging problems of the society.
Girl child Education is very important because the girl is
expected to be a mother of tomorrow and the role of the mother will be expected
from her, because a woman as a mother is the first teacher and educator of her
children, as she is the first contact with the child. The woman’s personality
has an impact on her home, environment and consequently on the upbringing of
her children. Islam saddled the woman with this responsibility of
child-training and taking proper care of matrimonial home as primary duty. The
Prophet (SAW) was reported to have said: “Behold; each one of you is a shepherd
and you will be asked about your flocks. A leader is a shepherd over the people
and he will be asked about his flocks, a man is shepherd to the members of his
house and shall be asked about the flocks. A woman is a shepherd over the
members of the household of her husband and his children and she will be asked
about them”. Amachukwu (2006) observed that, a man’s success
depends greatly on the contribution of the wife who with education performs her
tasks effectively and efficiently in different aspect of life. The educated
girl/woman contributed to the success of the family efficiently and excellently.
Statement of
the Problem
The research work is designed in
order to point out the society’s belief on girls’ child Education in secondary
School, Ilorin West local Government area, Kwara State. Girl child right to
education has been ignored and remains unrealized for many people despite all
efforts carried out by the government in Nigeria. This study is therefore aim
at finding out why this happen to girls despite of efforts by the governments
and other stake holders’ investment in education, is still lagging behind in
terms of girls’ school enrolment and performance. That is why the researcher is
attempting to establish on the effect of societies belief on girls child
Education in secondary School, Ilorin West local Government Area, Kwara State.
Caroline
(2011) wrote about girls’ child education in Gambia which also supported the
girl Education purposely for the development of the society. Grace
(2010) also wrote on socio-cultural
factors affecting girl-child education in maiduguri, borno state. This also
finally supports the education of the children. Abdigafar, Hellen Willy (2017)
also wrote on the influence of socio
cultural practices on girl child participation in Secondary Schools in Garowe,
Puntland. The researchers also supported the education of girls’ child base on
their stands.
To
the best knowledge of this researcher, no work has been carried out on the society
beliefs on girl child education, in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State.
This is the gap that this research is trying to fill.
Purpose of the Study
The
main purpose of this study is to examine society’s belief on girl child education
in secondary School, Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara state. Specifically
it finds out:
1. society beliefs on girl child Education
2. The relationship between girl child
education and impact of girl child education on the development of the Society
3. Solution to the impediment of girl child education
Research
Questions
This
study answered the following research questions:
1.
What are societies believe on girl child education?
2.
What are the impacts of girl child education
on the development of the Societies?
3.
What are the effects of girl child education
on the societies?
Scope of the Study
This
study covered all teachers and female students in ten secondary schools in
Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State. The Schools are:
1. Queen Elizabeth School, at general
hospital round ago, Sawmill Ilorin.
2.
Government girls’ College, Oko Erin
Ilorin.
3.
Government girls’ day, off Jengbe, Ilorin.
4.
Government girls’ day Secondary School,
Oke Suna, Ilorin.
5.
Government High School, Adeta Ilorin
6.
Baraka community secondary School, Ilorin
7.
Baboko community secondary School, Ilorin
8.
Government day secondary School, Alore
Ilorin
9.
Sheik AbdulKadir College, Ilorin
10.
Government Day Secondary School, Adewole,
Ilorin
Meanwhile ten
teachers and ten female students will be randomly selected from each of the
selected Secondary Schools, to make a total of hundred teachers and hundred female
students making two hundred respondents
Definition of the Key Terms
There
is need to define some Key Term which were constantly used in this study
purposely for the reader to comprehend their meanings as used in the study.
Effect:
This can be defined as a result or consequence of an action. That is, effect is
the outcome of a particular thing.
Society:
This can be defined as a large
group of people
who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things and sharing
the work that needs
to be done. All the people
in a country, or in several similar countries, can be referred to as a society. An organized group of persons
associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political,
patriotic, or other purposes. (Cambridge dictionary)
Belief: According
to Wikipedia belief is an acceptance that something exists or is true, especially one
without proof. Schwitzgebel
(2006) Belief is the
state of mind in which a person
thinks something to be the case with or without there being empirical evidence
to prove that something is the case with factual certainty.
Child:
A child is a young human being bellow the age of puberty. (Pocket oxford
dictionary).
Girl: A girl is a female child or young woman, especially one still
at school(Cambridge English dictionary) The National Child
Welfare Policy (1989) as cited by Ada (2007) defines girl-child as a person
below 14 years of age. Offorma (2009) defines girl-child as a biological female
offspring from birth to eighteen (18) years of age.
Education: The act or process of imparting or
acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment,
and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. (Collins
English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition)
Secondary School: This can be defined as a kind of education
receiving after the primary Education purposely to prepare them for tertiary
Education.
Girl child Education: It is a kind of knowledge given to
a girl purposely for her to be useful to herself and functions successfully in
a given society.
Significance
of the Study
This study is very essential
because it manifest the reason the girls should be educated. The findings of
this study would enable people to be aware of the importance of the education
given to the girls’ child. And also emphasizes on the importance of the girls
to the development of the society mentally.
The findings of this study will
benefit the parents on the importance of educating their girls’ child which
later fetch them the rest of mind and brings joy to the family.
The
findings of this study will also benefit the Government on how to give free education
to the children irrespective of their sex, religion and disability, because
children are the future of the nation irrespective of the gender.
The
findings will also enlighten the societies on the importance of girl-child
education on the development of the society on educational research. The
findings will similarly enable the researcher identify more areas that need to
addressed
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