ABSTRACT
This research is aimed at assessing
the causes and effects of drug abuse on the performance of secondary school
students in Ikeja Local Government Area with the purpose of identifying the
following :
i.
The
abuse of drugs among students
ii.
The
causes of drugs abuse among students
iii.
The
effects of drug abuse among students
iv.
The
roles of government on drug abuse
The researcher used the students in
the six selected secondary schools in Ikeja Local Government Area.
The instrument used in the study was
a set of questionnaire made of 15 multiple choice questions which aided
responded to identify the problems. The questions were administered on face to
face basis.
The data collected was tabulated and
analyzed using simple percentage instrument.
The findings were discussed based on
the purpose of the study in relation to literature reviewed.
The analysis indicated that there is
wide abuse of drugs among students whereas the possible causes are as a result
of friend’s influences, parent’s negligence etc.
Unknowingly, drug abused has led in
students the act of forgetfulness as well as poor academic performance.
As a result of the foregoing
problems, the school, government and the parents should keep watch on their
wards and organize programme which will educate them on how to appreciate their
body and desist from drugs.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Purpose of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 The Scope of the Study
CHAPTER
TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Meaning of Drug
2.2 Concept of Drug Abuse
2.3. Types of Drugs and their Uses.
2.4. Drugs often Abused
2.5. Methods of Consumption
2.6 Classification of Drug Abuse
2.7 Causes of Drug Abuse
2.8 Effects of Drug Abuse
2.9 Roles of Parents/Family on Drug Abuse
2.10 The Role of Society
2.11 The Role of Government – NDLEA
2.12 The Way Out/Measures for Preventing Drug
Abuse
2.13 Conclusion/Summary
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
3.1
Population and Sample
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Instrument
3.4 Research Procedure
3.5 Research
Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER
FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Data Presentation
4.2 Discursion of Findings
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study
In every
human society, whether primitive or civilized, the use of drugs takes place. This
is a general belief among members of the human society that the intake of
certain drugs is capable of assisting man in various ways such as in the
reduction of tension, prevention, cure, management of diseases and ailments,
alleviation of suffering and pains in the affected part of the body. In fact,
the use of drugs has always been part of man’s civilization. For example, the
Grecian oracle – Delphi- made use of drugs, Homer‘s cup of Helen was used to
induce sleep and provide freedom from curse, and the mandrake root supplied
hallucinogenic belldona compounds (
Akinlaye F. A. 2000)
In the
African region before the introduction of orthodox medicine, there existed and
are still existing the herbalists – the medicine men and women in the
environment, who used roots and herbs in the treatment of people having various
diseases. (Akinlaye F.A .2000) Many of the drugs can bring about dependence and
addiction or habituation or even tolerance as a side effect. Dependence in this
case is a state of psychic or also sometimes physical result from the interactions
between living organism and a drug characterized by behavioural and other
responses that always include a compulsion to take the drug on continuous or
periodic basis in order to experience psychic effects and sometimes to avoid
its absence. The combination of drug dependence and drug trafficking is not very
common. The term Drug is defined as
anything that is taken that induced one’s state of consciousness Dusek (1989).
The association of Nigeria (1989/90) defined Drug “as anything taken into the
blood stream through any means for psychological and physical experience and
these drugs affect the central nervous system” Drug can still be viewed as any
substance other than food that can by its nature affect human functioning .
Oladele M.O.A (2010). He went further to say drug can be used in diagnosis,
treatment of diseases or prevention. Saranson (1976) shared the same opinion
that drug is any substance other than
food which by its chemical nature affect the structure or function of the
living organism. From the various definitions ‘Drug’ in the simplest and
commonest sense is any material or substances that is used to treat and prevent
illnesses and promote good health . Drugs are substances natural or synthetic that
affects the body. Some drugs are extracted from plants, others are
extracted from animal tissues and some others are from minerals. For example, Morphine,
a powerful painkiller is derived from poppy seed pod while antibiotics
including penicillin are produced in culture of bacteria, yeast, molds and
other living micro-organisms. Today advances in science and technology and drug
development have led to the production and consequently the availability of
more drugs in the society. A problem created by this increase in the
availability of these drugs is the lacks of full understanding of the
usefulness or harmful effects. Drugs can be classified into three .They are
1.
The Legal Drugs
2.
The Illegal Drugs
3.
The socially
acceptable Drugs
The Legal Drugs: These are drugs that have been approved by
the society for sale either prescription only or over the counters such as
paracetamol, antibiotics and multivite.
The Illegal Drugs: These are drugs whose manufacture and
distribution are prohibited by law. They includes hard drugs such as marijuana,
cocaine and Heroine
The socially acceptable drugs: These are drugs generally not regarded as
drug by layman but they do have effect on the functioning of the body system of
those who take them and are therefore drugs. The socially acceptable drugs
include cigarette alcohol, cigar, tea and coffee, snuffs and tobacco chewing or
smoking.
Most drugs
especially those classified as legal ones have specific dosages prescribed by
qualified medical doctors for various ailments. Despite the prescribed dosages,
it has been observed that some people fail to keep to the administered drugs
without any doctor’s prescription either because they have used the particular
drugs before (then it was prescribed) and they got positive results or because
they got information from friends and relatives about its effectiveness in
curing their illnesses
In Drug
Abuse the word “Abuse” is a word that defined or explained in a phrase “wrong
use of” or makes a bad use of’ Akinlaye (2000), viewed it as any intake of drugs
excess or without the prescription of a qualified medical doctor or taking
drugs to an extent that can cause social or medical harm result in drug abuse
.The World Health Organization (WHO) (1982) explains that drug abuse is a persistent
or sporadic excessive drug used in consistently with or unrelated to acceptable
medical practice. Drug Abuse involves self administration of drugs in a manner
that deviates from the approved medical and social patterns within a given
culture .Those who abuse drugs in Nigeria can be classified into three groups.
They are
1.
Social group –
These are young people who belong to a gang or social group (like the area boys
and some secondary school students) who do not have enough money to buy drugs
such as cigarette, alcohol drinks and even hard drug and as a result they share
the drugs amongst themselves. Also, adults
who only take alcoholic drink e-g Guilder beer, star beer, etc. at
social functions which can be taken free of charge also belong to this group)
2.
Experimental
group-many young people take drugs as a form of experiment to see if they can
be relieved of their problems.
3.
Courier group Members
of this group trade in hard drugs. They push and sell the drug by the get-rich-
quickly syndrome, that has pervaded Nigerian society in recent years. In
addition to this, they also take drugs. They involved in drug business because
of the monetary reward. Akinlaye (2000) in search of increased performance long
distant drivers, tailor, athletes, footballers, student artists are involved.
The world is full of competitiveness consequently many people get themselves
involved in drug for increased output. Quite a number of footballers in sport generally
and artists have been disqualified in international competition because of involvement
in drugs. The use of drug cut across many professions – lawyers, Engineers,
Doctors, Nurses and Pharmacists, as well as Children from rich background who
can afford it. The World Health Organization (WHO) (1982) identified about
eighty different drugs that are commonly abused to be
1.
Cocaine
2.
Alcohol
3.
Tobacco
4.
Marijuana
5.
Heroin
6.
Hallucinogens
7.
Sedatives
8.
Industrial solvents Akinlaye. (2000)
Much
emphasis need to be placed about Alcohol , it is a type of commonly used and
legitimized drug whether brewed locally from sugar cane , raffia palm or from cereals in terms of Burukutu (Bkt)
are highly intoxicating for example local gin which is adorned with so many
local names (Nwabuzo 2010). If the use of the term drug is limited to only hard
drug or dangerous /illegal drug, it means that a substance like alcohol which
cause addiction, dependence and tolerance will not be there in the picture it
will be realistically existent but without being aware of its effects, such a
mistake of unawareness will blindfold the society and deprive her of part of
her duty according to Tindall (2005). Therefore, dependence Addiction and
tolerance are side effect of Alcohol or Drug Abuse.
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
Drug
abuse is seen as cankerworm that has eaten deep into the fiber of the Africans.
It is also discovered that
·
Many take drugs
without having the knowledge of its usefulness and the harmful effects on their
body.
·
Student Academics
performance is low.
·
Possible solutions
on the causes and effect of drug abuse
need urgent attention
·
The role of
parents /guardians to their children on drug abuse is relegated.
·
The role of
Government on Drug abuse is no more felt in Nigerian society.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
This
research is to find out the effects of drug abuse on student academic
performance also the measures of government on drugs as well to create
awareness to the masses on the hazard of drug abuse on human body /health
1.4 Research
Questions
·
Is drug abuse
common among students in Lagos state?
·
What are the
possible causes of drug abuse among the students?
·
Has there been
any victim of drug abuse?
·
What are the effects
of drug abuse on the students’ academic performance?
·
What are the roles/ measures taken by
government s on drug abuse?
1.5 Significance
of the Study
This
research work will serve as an exposition to students. As it will inform
students on the dangers or harmfulness of drugs on them.
·
It will also
discourage students from intake of drugs
·
It will proffer possible
solutions for the government on how to eradicate Drug Abuse as a problem.
·
It will inform
parents on their roles towards their children against drugs usage.
In addition
to the above, it will enhance the teacher / instructors, curriculum planners, Educationist/masses
on possible ways to discourage drug abuse in the society.
1.6 The
Scope of the Study
This study
will cover some selected schools at random from Ikeja Local Government Area of
Lagos State.
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