ABSTRACT
Breastfeeding, or nursing, is the process by which human breast milk is fed to a child. Breast milk may be from the breast, or may be pumped and fed to the infant (WHO 2021). In Ogun State, Nigeria, as in many other parts of the world, there is a lack of awareness among nursing mothers about the potential side effects of medications and substances on the composition of breast milk. This study addresses a crucial public health concern by focusing on the potential side effects of medications and other substances on breast milk content. Educating nursing mothers about these risks can help prevent adverse health outcomes in infants and promote better maternal and child health. The study will commence by randomly sampling nursing mothers from health centers within selected local government areas (LGAs) of Ewekoro, which are predominantly inhabited by the Yoruba speaking tribe. Two primary health centers will be chosen, with a total of 100 participants. The study reveals a significant correlation between social media usage and breastfeeding status, demonstrating that both nursing and non-nursing mothers actively engage with digital platforms, primarily on a daily basis. Among nursing mothers, this frequent use likely serves as a means of accessing information, social support, and entertainment during what can be an isolating and challenging time. In conclusion, social media usage is a pervasive part of daily life for women, particularly for those who are breastfeeding.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
Title i
Certification ii
Declaration iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of Contents vii
Abstract xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study 1
1.2
Problem Statement 3
1.3
Objectives of the Study 3
1.4
Significance of the Study 4
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Overview of Media Enlighten Campaigns 6
2.2 Side Effects of Medications and Substances
on Milk Content 6
2.3 Previous Studies 7
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Study
Design 10
3.2 Sample
Strategies 11
3.3 Data
Collection Methods 11
3.4 Data
Analysis Techniques 12
3.5
Expected Outcome 12
3.6
Sustainability 13
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.0
Introduction 14
4.1
Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents 14
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary 24
5.2 Conclusion 25
5.3
Recommendation 25
5.4
Implications to Public Health 26
References 28
Questionnaire 31
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: Age Group 14
Table 4.2: Are you a nursing
mother or have you ever breast feed a baby before 15
Table 4.3: Have you ever
received information about side effects of medications 16
Table 4.4: What substance is
you most concerned about affecting breast milk 17
Table 4.6: Do you think
babies are affected by substances we consume 18
Table 4.7: When you use the
medication, did you notice any side effects 19
Table 4.8: Which type of
drugs did you always use during breastfeeding? 20
Table 4.9: Do you know that
using medications without doctors prescription 21
Table 4.10: What is your age
group? 22
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study
Breastfeeding, or nursing, is
the process by which human breast milk is fed to a child. Breast milk may be
from the breast, or may be pumped and fed to the infant (WHO 2021). The World
Health Organization (2014) recommends that breastfeeding begin within the first
hour of a baby's life and continue as often and as much as the baby wants.
Health organizations, including the WHO, recommend breastfeeding exclusively
for six months (WHO 2021). This means that no other foods or drinks, other than
vitamin D, are typically given, the WHO recommended exclusive breastfeeding for
the first 6 months of life, followed by continued breastfeeding with
appropriate complementary foods for up to 2 years and beyond.(Johnston.
et.al., 2009) Of the 135 million babies born every year, only 42% are
breastfed within the first hour of life, only 38% of mothers practice exclusive
breastfeeding during the first six months, and 58% of mothers continue
breastfeeding up to the age of two years and beyond (WHO 2021).
Breastfeeding has a number of
benefits to both mother and baby that infant formula lacks (Chung et.al.,
2009). Increased breastfeeding to near-universal levels in low and medium
income countries could prevent approximately 820,000 deaths of children under
the age of five annually (Victoraet.al., 2016). Breastfeeding decreases
the risk of respiratory tract infections, ear infections, sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS), and diarrhea for the baby, both in developing and developed
countries (WHO 2021). Other benefits have been proposed to include lower risks
of asthma, food allergies, and diabetes (Johnston .M. et.al., 2012).
Breastfeeding may also improve cognitive development and decrease the risk of
obesity in adulthood (WHO 2021). Nursing mothers play a critical role in infant
health by providing essential nutrients and antibodies through breastfeeding.
However, the composition of breast milk can be influenced by various factors,
including medications and substances consumed by the mother(Academy of
Breastfeeding Medicine.2018). In Ogun State, Nigeria, as in many other parts of
the world, there is a lack of awareness among nursing mothers about the
potential side effects of medications and substances on the composition of
breast milk. (Briggs, G. G.et.al., 2017)
Medications and substances
taken by nursing mothers have the potential to affect the quantity and quality
of breast milk, which can subsequently impact the health and development of
infants. Certain medications may pass into breast milk and pose risks to the infant,
while others may decrease milk production or alter its composition, affecting
the infant's nutritional intake and overall well-being. Additionally,
substances such as alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine can also transfer to breast
milk and may have detrimental effects on the infant (National Institute on Drug
Abuse.2020).Despite these potential risks, many nursing mothers in Ogun State
may not be adequately informed about the impact of medications and substances
on breast milk composition. This lack of awareness can lead to inadvertent
exposure of infants to harmful substances through breastfeeding, compromising
their health and development (World Health Organization. 2017).
To address this issue, a
media enlightenment campaign focusing on the side effects of medications and
other substances on milk content for nursing mothers in Ogun State local
government areas (LGAs) is proposed. The campaign aims to raise awareness among
nursing mothers about the potential risks associated with certain medications
and substances during breastfeeding, empowering them to make informed decisions
regarding their health and the health of their infants.
1.2. Problem Statement
Despite the widely recognized
benefits of breastfeeding, nursing mothers in Ogun State, Nigeria, face a
significant challenge regarding the potential side effects of medications and
other substances on the content of breast milk. Many nursing mothers are
unaware of the risks associated with certain medications and substances
consumed during breastfeeding, which could adversely affect the health and
development of their infants.
This lack of awareness stems
from various factors, including limited access to accurate information,
cultural beliefs, and inadequate health education programs targeting nursing
mothers. As a result, nursing mothers may unknowingly expose their infants to
harmful substances through breast milk, putting their health at risk.
To address this issue, there
is an urgent need for a media enlightenment campaign aimed at raising awareness
among nursing mothers in Ogun State local government areas (LGAs) about the
potential side effects of medications and other substances on breast milk
content. By providing accurate information and empowering nursing mothers to
make informed decisions, this campaign seeks to safeguard the health and
well-being of infants in the region.
1.3. Objectives of the Study
ü To assess the current level of awareness among
nursing mothers in Ogun State LGAs regarding the potential side effects of
medications and other substances on breast milk content.
ü To identify the key medications and substances
commonly used by nursing mothers in Ogun State LGAs that may have adverse
effects on breast milk content.
ü To determine the knowledge gaps and
misconceptions among nursing mothers in Ogun State LGAs regarding the safety of
medications and substances during breastfeeding.
ü To design and implement a media enlightenment
campaign aimed at educating nursing mothers in Ogun State LGAs about the side
effects of medications and other substances on breast milk content.
ü To evaluate the effectiveness of the media
enlightenment campaign in increasing awareness and knowledge among nursing
mothers regarding the potential risks associated with medications and
substances during breastfeeding.
ü To assess the behavioral changes among nursing
mothers in Ogun State LGAs following exposure to the media enlightenment
campaign, including changes in medication use and dietary habits during
breastfeeding.
1.4. Significance of the
Study
This study addresses a
crucial public health concern by focusing on the potential side effects of
medications and other substances on breast milk content. Educating nursing
mothers about these risks can help prevent adverse health outcomes in infants
and promote better maternal and child health (Victora,et.al., 2016). By
raising awareness and providing accurate information through the media
enlightenment campaign, nursing mothers in Ogun State LGAs can make informed
decisions about medication use and dietary habits during breastfeeding, thereby
empowering them to safeguard the health of their infants (Rollins, et.al.,
2016). It also Increaseawareness of the potential side effects of medications
and substances on breast milk content can lead to reduced exposure of infants
to harmful substances, thereby lowering the risk of adverse reactions and
developmental issues (World Health Organization, 2017).
In conclusion, This study adds to the existing body of knowledge
on maternal and child health by exploring the impact of media enlightenment
campaigns on breastfeeding practices in a specific geographical context. It
provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of communication strategies
in promoting behavior change among nursing mothers (Chowdhuryet.al.,2015).
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