TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0
Background to the Study
1.1
Historical
Background Of Lagos State University (LASU)
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
1.4
Research Questions.
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1.6
Significance of the Study
1.7 Scope
of the Study
1.8 Limitation of the Study
1.9
Definition of Terms
1.10 Outline
of the Research Study
Reference
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Nature
and Meanings of Conflict
2.2 Types
of Conflict
2.2.1 Vertical
Conflicts
2.2.2 Horizontal
Conflicts
2.2.3 Conflicts Of Interest
2.2.4 Conflicts of
Rights:
2.3 Sources of Industrial Conflicts
2.3.1 Intangible Causes/Sources
2.3.2 Tangible Causes / Sources
2.3.3
Internal Causes I
Sources
2.3.3.1
Styles of Leadership Cum Management
2.3.3.2
Shared Resources
2.3.3.3
Task Inter Dependence
2.3.3.4 Perceptions And Values
2.3.3.5
Personal Style And Background
2.3.3.6
Poor Communication
2.3.4 External Causes/ Sources
2.3.4.1 Government Economic Policies
2.3.4.2 Large Scale Mismanagement
2.3.4.3 Political Instability
2.4 Consequence
or Effects
of Conflict on Organizations
2.4.1
Functional Consequences of Conflict
2.4.2
Dysfunctional Consequences of Conflict
2.4.3
Characteristics of Negative or Potentially Negative Conflict
2.4.4 Characteristics of Positive or Potentially
Positive Conflicts
2.5 Forms of Industrial Protest
2.5.1 Definition of Strike
2.5.2 Types of
Strikes
2.5.3
Effective of Strike on Organizations
2.6 Conflict Management and Resolution
2.6.1
Conflict Management Styles
2.7 Procedures for Conflict Settlement
2.7.1 Internal Machinery of Conflict Settlement
2.7.2 External
Machinery of Conflict Settlement
2.7.2.1 Mediation
2.7.2.2
Conciliation
2.7.2.3
Arbitration Panel
2.7.2.4 The
Industrial Court
References
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Nature of Research Method
3.2 Research
Design
3.3 Population Sample Size and Sample Design
3.4 Research Instruments Design and Collection
of Responses
3.5 Test of Validity and
Reliability of Research Instrument
3.6 Methods of Data Presentation and Analysis
References
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.0
Introduction
4.1 Presentation of Data
4.2 Testing
Of Hypothesis
4.3 Interpretation
of the Tests
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,
RECOMMENDATIONS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER READING
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Summary
of Findings
5.2
Recommendation
Based on Research Findings
5.3
Conclusion
5.4 Suggestion
for Further Reading
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.O BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Conflict is an inevitable element of any
labour - management relationship. In work situation people are bound to have
different interests and aspirations which may tend to conflict with each other.
Also in every organization where people to different background have to
interact in the collective efforts towards achieving a common goal, conflict is
bound to ensure. This is because in addition to the common workplace his own
personal ambition which he earnestly desires to achieve alongside the
organizational goal. This individual goal or interest may not necessarily be
compatible with that of other members. Thus, there is clash of interest. For example,
management is often committed to pursuing a goal of profit maximization through
rationalization of economic decision and other cost maximization policies. The
workers, through their union want higher wages are lucrative welfare package
which tend to result in higher costs of doing business to the management. Union
wants effective participation in most factory shop decision even at tl1e
expense of encroaching on areas that fall exclusively within the confinement of
management prerogatives. Management cannot, but resist these unwholesome moves.
In the process conflict will ensure,
therefore, it is obvious that conflict is inherent in every organization
irrespective of size, mission or age. To this end organization (be it private
or public) are perceived to always assume that
conflicts necessarily damage the relationship that exist within the work
places. It is based on the fore goings that a research
study on measurement of conflicts effectiveness and efficiency became a subject
of interest.
1.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF LAGOS STATE
UNIVERSITY (LASU)
The Lagos
state university was established on April 22nd 1983 via the statute
of 1983. with the major objective of being the apex of the educational system
of the state, providing access to higher education for citizens, providing innovative educational programmes
of high standard, conducting research and disseminating their findings,. It was
also established to become intellectual pursuit and serves the factory of ideas
by the then government a Alhaji Lateef Kayode Jakande.
The university took off in 1984 with 342
students, with three Faculties; Education, Law and Humanities, and Science. In
1989, it had 2,974 students, while the number increased in 1994 to 4,459 with
968 members staff made up of 300 76 administrative technical and 492 junior
staff.. The population has grown to about 80,000 including Regular,
Part-Time and Postgraduate students
spread over eight (8) Faculties listed as follows; .
· Faculty of Art
· Faculty of Education
· Faculty of Law
· Faculty of Management Sciences
· Faculty of Science
· Faculty of Social Science
· Faculty of Engineering
· Faculty of Medical Sciences
In addition, there is a School of Postgraduate
Studies.
The university was conceived as a
non-residential university. It took over 139 hectares of hind which were
previously the sites of Government College Ojo,
Methodist Boy's High
School (proposed) Ojo site, and BUILDSPEC, an Engineering company, head it’s
moved on Monday 19th December, 1983 from the old Lagos State
Government Secretariat, Ikeja. Extra 800 hectares of land were later added at
Ojo. Currently, it operates as a multi-campus university. The existing campus
at Epe for Engineering Faculty and with the Teaching Hospital and College of
Medicine at Ikeja. The main campus and the administrative headquarters remain
at Ojo.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It may seem that whenever
two or more people are gathered, there will be conflict. The efficacies of
organizational conflict are myriad. The problem of incessant industrial
conflicts, disputes, strikes, lockouts, and boycotts have generated much
concern not only among employers of labour but also employees themselves and
other stakeholders-as well. The magnitude of the adverse effects can well be
understood when one considers the huge looses in productivity, reduced profits,
damages to organization's assets. The negative impacts of such event is like
"ill wind that how nobody good". All parties are usually affected,
employees in the areas of poor inter-personal relationship between them and the
management, and among themselves, loss of pay, termination and dismissal form
employment etc for the society potency for social disorder, instability, of
jobs and mass unemployment, which could a:Tect the fulfillment of its obligation.
Given the reality as
described above, it behooves but labour and management to seek ways of coping
and minimizing undesirable tensions and conflicts, and its unpleasant
consequences for this reason, it is pertinent to look into the various effects
of industria1 conflict on the organizations, and approaches toward managing
these problems positively, so that their favourable impact measurement could be felt on the
effectiveness and efficiency of organizations.
1.3 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this research study are as
follows;
1.
To gain insight into the various causes of organizational
conl1icts.
2.
To assess the problem (if there is any) encountered by
the organization in the process of managing conflicts.
3.
To evaluate the factors that influence industrial
conflicts' in business organization
4.
To generally offer useful suggestions to wards improving
the management of industrial conflicts with within any business organization.
5.
To establish that conflict can be so managed, to the
extent that it Can also bring about organizational effectiveness and
efficiently in the work place, particularly, with references to LASU.
6.
To examine the impacts (be it positive or negative) of
conflict on our selected organization. The positive impacts will be applauded.
While the negative impacts condemned.
7.
To make workable and meaningful recommendations on how
organizations can improve on their conflicts prevention, and management to
their benefits and effectiveness, and that of the Nigerian economy at large.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
The research questions
that will guide this study will include;
1.
To what extent has effective conflicts management
contributed to the realization of the goals, objective vision and existence of
organizations'?
2.
What are the factors responsible for industrial conflict
in most business organizations?
3.
Does any relationship exist between the rate of conflict
In an
Organization and its image?
4.
Of what importance is the role of conflicts to the
success and performance of business organizations?
5.
What could be the resultant effect of regular industrial
C0I1flicts to the
6.
What are the various approaches / methods available, for
effective conflict management in your organizations?
7.
What is the effect of organizational conflict on attitude
behaviour and performance of employees?
8.
Can conflicts be totally prevented or era9icated within
the workplace
1.6 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
Two Hypotheses shall be formulated tested, and interpreted for the purposes of the research work. They
are below stated;
Ho: There is no significant relationship between industrial conflicts -and
organization's effectiveness.
Hi: There is a significant
relationship between industrial coni1icts and organization's effectiveness.
Ho: There is no positive relationship between effective conflict management and
approaches of conflict resolution adopted.
Hi: There is a positive
relationship between effective conflict management and approaches of conflict
resolution adopted.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
The significance of this
study can be viewed from two (2) major standpoints. Practical and Academic:
a. Practical Significance
This kind of study will
assist In broadening the understanding of the followings;
1.
To employees in general, it will further expose the
relationship existing between conflicts management and organizational
effectiveness which will be of interest to them, in their respective
organization.
2.
Specifically, to staffs of the organization under study,
it will expose to a large extent the goings on in their establishment with
regards to our relevant variables, and comparative analysis of their actions
over some years accordingly.
3.
To policy makers and management, it will present a scheme
through its analysis that could assist them in enunciating policies that will assist
educational institution / business establishments in not only to pursue their
over riding objective of profit making but also to remain relevant in the
business for which they were known, by performing such a function as good
welfare pac1dige for workers, among others.
4.
To economic watches and the interested public, it will
provide some insight into the conflict management strategies and approaches of
business organizations in Nigeria.
b.
Academic Significance
In the academic arena, this study will prove to be
significant.
1.
It will help in contributing to the enrichment of the
literature on conflict and conl1ict management.
2.
It will throw more light on the relationship, (Causative
and ordinary) between conflict and such other variable apart from
organization's performance as effectiveness and efficiently in Nigeria
3.
It will suggest ways (of interest to academics) based on
empirical evidence of enhancing the conflict management situation in Nigeria,
bearing in mind that improvement in the level of conflict resolution of
organization in a country, signifies that the country is partly developing or
not.
4.
The study will also serve as a body reserved knowledge to
be referred to by other researcher who may want to pick and interest in their
area of study.
1.7 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
This study, in every way,
attempts to determine the impacts of conflicts management on the efficiency and
effectiveness of business. The research will be conducted on the Lagos State
University as our unit of analysis" in the Nigerian economy. Therefore, a
survey of the officials of the functional areas of this establishment will
comprise of our major source for comparative data and information.
1.8 LIMITATION OF
THE STUDY
No matter how much effort one may put into the
study, some' extraneous circumstances may create imperfections. The conduct of
research in Nigeria and of course generally is imbued with a lot of problems.
However, in this particular
research, the following problems are anticipated.
1.
The inability to retrieve all the questionnaires to be
distributed
2.
Imperfection in sampling procedures and procedure for
processing data.
3.
Finance in this era of economic hardship, financial
resource has become a problem for many people including this researcher,
thereby may affect the financial demand of the study.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
For the purpose of this
study, certain words would be regularly used and are capable of assuming
different times, meaning, and situation. Therefore, it's imperative to clearly
define or operationalize them, so as to facilitate a clearer understanding and
perception of the subjects - matter as hey are used in this research work. They
are as follows;
1.
Conflict: A disagreement over issues of substance and / or
emotional antagonism.
2.
Management: The act or skill of dealing with a situation that
needs to be controlled in some ways.
3.
Industrial conflict: The inability of labour and
management to reach agreement on any issue connected with the objective of employer-employee
interaction.
4.
.Conflict resolution: The removal of the reason substantial
and for emotional for a conflict.
5.
Conflict management: The methods, approaches, art or style
of handling conflicts usually be experts in industrial relations fields.
6.Industrial relations: The process of control
over the employment relationship, the organization of work, and relations
between employers and their employees.
7.
Organization effectiveness: The continuous
existence., or forgoing ahead of a company despite competition.
8.
Effects: The Oxford Dictionary of Current English dcl1ncd "Effect as; the result or consequence of an action.
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