TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Scope of the Study
Significance
of the Study
Operational
Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF
THE RELATED LITERATURE
The
English Language in Nigeria
Importance
of Writing Skill to Secondary School Student
The Nature of Paragraph
Limitation
of Errors
Contractive Analysis
Advantages
of Contractive Analysis
Limitation
of Contractive Analysis
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
Research
Type
Population,
Sample and Sampling Technique
Instrumentation
Procedure
for Data Collection
Data
Analysis Techniques
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Analysis of Demographic Information of the Respondents
Data Analysis and Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Discussion of Findings
Conclusion
Recommendations
Suggestions for Further Studies
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
English
language is the first foreign language a learner is introduce to in Nigeria as
an official language, learning English has become a great necessity to everyone
who realised the importance of the language. Over 80% of readers focus
closely on the errors of the writer, knowing fully well what the reader
want, writers have put on the spirit of research in finding the root cause of
how and when a word can be use and
appreciate in the outside world. William (2007) stated that language is
paramount, we use it to define who we are and to shape our place in life, we
use language to learn, to socialize, to dream of what to achieve, to think
e.t.c. Throughout history, Language serve as a bound to bring people together
into single societies and to preserve their customs, culture, law and stories.
English is an official language in
Nigeria and its has many functions. These functions are implied in its role as
a second language in the country. Nigeria, as one of the English speaking
countries uses English language as an official language which is used in all
spheres of life. English language has become the nation’s medium of
administration, communication, instruction in various institutions and
businesses. Considering the importance of English language therefore, it stands
as a binding language which unifies all the tribes and ethnic groups we have in
the country. In recognition of importance of the English language in enhancing
educational attainment and for improving communication and writing ability of
citizens, the Nigerian government has made the subject a core school subject
(FRN, 2013) it is compulsory for students to have a credit pass in English
language before gaining admission into the university. This also explains why
many parents make it a priority by making sure that their children pass at
credit level or above in English language.
If English Language plays such an
important role in our national lives as well as in our education system,
therefore it means that it should be well learnt. English language is used in
government as the official language for all types of official records and instructions
in business and commerce and publicity in education, science and engineering as
the language of instruction in the classroom and laboratory reports, in the
mass media as the language of information and propaganda and in creative art
and literature as the language of novels, poems, short stories, music and
drama. In expressing ideas everybody possess their own abilities. There are
student who clearly, brightly and confidently
expressing their way of thinking in spoken language meanwhile, there are
student who can be said to be weak in spoken but well enough in his or her
written form.
Robert
Lado stated that language is partial representation unit of language. “learning
to write a foreign language is learning to put down the graphic symbol that
represent a language one understand so that the others can read the language
and the graphic representation” the quotation implies that before writing the writer should have a
border knowledge, understanding the linguistics rules, wider vocabulary,
emotion and even the present situation, so writing is not only making of a
sentences which have no inter-connection between each other or without paying
attention to the meaningful aspect but rather writing is making our written
pieces worth and understood by the readers. The purpose of the writing itself
is the expression of ideas to the readers so the ideas should be seen as the
most important aspect of the writing on
the other hand, the writer needs also to pay some attention to a formal aspect
such as neat handwriting, correct spelling, punctuation, as well as acceptable
grammar and careful selected of vocabulary.
As
stated by Zhang Fxin (2001) that writing is a complex skill, it embraces
structure, vocabulary rhetoric concepts and other clement. This skill relates
with listening speaking and reading because of writing complexity writers are
bound to commit errors which motivate this research work to focus on the level
of competency of junior secondary schools. If English language plays such an
important role in our national live as well as in our education system, it
means therefore that it should be learnt. It is in recognition of student’s
poor performance in written necessary and other language skills in general that
a research on error analysis in written essay among junior secondary school
student is carried out.
Statement of the Problem
Writing
skill is the most proficient aspect that show the ultimate level at which users
of English language have master some quality rules in English language which
cannot be overlook. This study aims to access the errors students, are due to
the fact that English language is not our first language or mother tongue.
Thus,
this study compares and contrasts the element of L1 and L2 as to be able to
analyse the causes.
Purpose of the Study
The
study aims at identifying the type of errors student commit most or frequently
in their written essays so as to expose to English teachers to know where to
lay emphasis on and also where to modify so as to enhance efficient teaching
and learning.
The study further aim to analyse
describe and explain the errors in the written English of students in junior
secondary schools such as wrong tense usage, spellings, errors, omission of
articles e.t.c which are common features in the writings of student or
learners.
Research Questions
The
followings research questions are presented for this study.
1)
Do they commit
error, what types?
2)
What are the most
common error committed in the essay
3)
What are the
factors responsible and source for the
error
Scope of the Study
This
study is carried out in Egbeda local government area of Oyo state. This study
is limited to four (4) selected junior secondary schools. The names of school
are
1)
Olodo Community
Grammar School
2)
Community
Secondary School Kumopayi
3)
God is able
College Wofun
4)
Educational
Legacy College Olukunle
This
study focuses on J S S 3 students because they ought to have attained certain
certain degree of competence in English language since they are preparing for
an external examination.
Significance
of the Study
The
significant of the study are;
1)
Enlightenment on
what error means and its types
2)
Identifying the
most common types among junior secondary school student
3)
Enable the
teacher to know how to correct and amend the root cause of students error.
4)
It will give
better understanding about History of
English language in Nigeria
5)
It will be of
assistance to future researchers in English education.
Operational
Definition of Terms
The
following terms are explained as used in the study.
Analysis: this can be seen as the identification and
description of error committed in essay writing in English language.
Error: this means all the element of ungrammatical
in essay writing. This can also means deviation from the normal standard of
writing
Essay: can be said to mean a piece of writing
written to communicate ideas to test the writing skill of such student
Error
Analysis: this mean identification of causes
and effect of errors make by learners in a piece of write up.
Contractive
Analysis: this means them linguistic way of
comparing two things to know the similarities and the point of differences
L1: This can be define as the first language a
child is expose to right from birth
Mother Tongue Interference: the term simply
means the interruption of the first language of a learner in the one he/she is
about to learn
Mistake: this term can be seen as an error which
occur as a result of carelessness which learner can easily correct
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