ABSTRACT
The project focuses on Effect of Government Financing
on Small Scale Business in Nigeria.
The objective of this project is to find out how the government assists small
scale enterprises, to look at the various facilities put at the disposal of
small scale enterprise by that the project was sued from secondary source of
information. The work dealt with the impact of finding small scale enterprises
on the economy. It was revealed that many owners of small scale business lack
proper managerial skills and effective management of their business. Also many
entrepreneurs are unaware of government planned policies programmes that are
geared towards assisting the industries. On the basis of the above, the
following recommendation are made that the government should enlarge the small
scale industrial enterprise promotion board (SSIGPB) in various states, of the
federation to includes dissemination of ideas, plans policies and programmes
among small business holding in Nigeria.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification --- --- --- --- --- ---- --- --- i
Dedication --- --- --- --- --- ---- --- --- ii
Acknowledgement --- --- --- --- --- --- iii
Table of Contents --- --- --- --- --- ---- --- iv
Abstract --- --- --- --- --- ---- --- --- vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the study --- --- --- --- --- 1
1.2
Statement of the problem --- --- --- --- --- 4
1.3
Research Questions --- --- --- --- --- 5
1.4
Objective of the Study--- --- --- --- ---- --- 5
1.5
Statement of Hypotheses --- --- --- --- --- 6
1.6
Scope of the Study--- --- --- --- ---- --- 6
1.7
Significances of the Study--- --- --- --- --- 7
1.8
Limitation of the study--- --- --- --- ---- --- 7
1.9
Operational Definitions of Terms --- --- --- --- 8
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Small Scale Business --- --- -- --- --- ---- 10
2.2 Starting a Small Scale Business --- --- --- --- 13
2.3 Characteristics of Small Scale Business--- --- --- 14
2.4 Sources of Finance --- --- --- --- --- --- 16
2.5 Importance
of Small-Scale Business-- --- --- --- 20
2.6 Nature
of Business Finance --- --- --- --- --- 22
2.7 Problems of Small-Scale Business in Nigeria --- --- 25
2.8 Lending Procedures and Criteria --- --- --- --- 27
2.9 Government Policies/Incentives for the
Support of Small-Scale
Business --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 33
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH
METHOD
3.1 Research Design--- --- --- --- --- --- 37
3.2 Population of the Study --- --- --- --- --- 37
3.3 Sample/Sampling Techniques --- --- --- --- 37
3.4 Instrumentation --- --- --- --- --- --- 38
3.5 Methods of Data Collection --- --- --- --- --- 31
3.6 Method of Data Analysis --- --- --- --- --- 33
CHAPTER
FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Data Presentation --- --- --- --- --- --- 41
4.2 Test
of Hypotheses --- --- --- --- --- 44
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Summary--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 52
5.2 Conclusion --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 54
5.3 Recommendations --- --- --- --- --- --- 54
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study
Globally it is acknowledge that finance
sourcing is a big problem for small –scale business. However, the main
consideration in going into a business venture is the amount of available
resources and the actual funds needed. The development of small –scale business
in Nigeria
data’s to post independence years. Due to the recognition of the importance of
small –scale business in Nigeria
therefore, the government has decided to initial various polices and schemes to
facilitate the development of this sub-sector of business enterprises. Some of
these schemes are the federal loan board, the regional corporation which is
extinct and the industrial development centre (IDC).
Generally, as a matter of fact, the
federal government policy regard small –scale business as the most important
factor towards the achievement of self reliance and economic compliance which
gives a nation the stability necessary for internal peace and command
international respect. The government recognizes that small –scale business
plays important role in accelerating the pace of economic development and the
generation of employment, promotion of initiative and entrepreneurship
development of exports. Government therefore has been definite in its bid to
encourage this sub- sector. It was in pursuit of this that led to promulgation
of the Nigerian enterprise promotion decree which reserved for Nigerians equity
participation between 40% and 60%.
In the second national development plan,
total of N5.9 million was voted for small –scale business by both the
federal and state government. This loan was to be made available to financial
institution like Nigeria
industrial Development Bank (NIDB) for lending small –scale industrials. It was
increased to N48.587million in the third National plan (1975 -1980) out
of which the federal government was to provide N20 million. Since then
subsequent National development plans have given much more noticeable
encouragement in terms of financing small and medium enterprises of local
values.
Despite post attempt directed at assisting
the small –scale business, the achievement of sustained financial sourcing was
listed as one of the challenges facing many of our entrepreneurs; it seems
there is still much to be done. The government has further initiated new
schemes /policies to butter up the existing avenues of financial opening to the
small –scale business. As at 1990 the central Bank of Nigeria
monetary guidelines had revised commercial and merchant bank total credit to
small –scale industries from 16% to 20% enabling funds. The National economic
reconstruction fund (MEFUND) The people banks that are been established by you
memento for The purpose of sustaining the small-sealed enterprises (Mosko
1990). Despite These noticeable efforts by you government at assisting The
small- scale business. It is a matter of opinion whether it has done enough
every activities of an ousting business necessitates consideration of funds
needed to implement it. For instance to survive, a farm might need to
diversifying its product lines thereby putting its eggs in many baskets. By so
doing failure in one area will not mean total failure in all other area and so
the firm might decides to increase its promotional activities to increase its market
needs and funds needed for financing. The activities of business but also
sources from which the fund will be raised
A business has the discretion of using
sources of finance which are more preferred than others in financing has
project or business. The important thing however is that if the business man
want to operate on full –scale then he has to make the fullest of all financing
sources that are within his reach and not depends on a number of factors
including his knowledge of existing sources, the case with which he can obtain
finds from different sources and so forth. The objective of this research is to
explore and reveal all the sources of financing available to small –scale
business, their associated constraints or difficulties.
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
From
a comprehensive view small –scale enterprise face a lot of problems but
this research is directed at major issues in the financing of this sub-sector
of business enterprises. The main
concern of this work is the problem associated with the various sources of
finance available to the small –scale business. In Nigeria for example most of the
small –scale business do start their business with their own saving or loans
from friends or relations. They operate in the most competitive of the economy
and maintain inadequate records of their financial transaction. This effects
their financial ability to raise equity capital and maintain adequate level of
working capital hence they always complain of capital shortage.
Most small-scale business are not able to
raise equity capital by selling shares due to the nature of their business and
the fear of loss of control long –term loans from financial institutions are
also not available to them because they are generally unable to provide the necessary
collateral security and inadequate commitment to long-term survival of the business and poor management practices
to maintain satisfactory relationship with commercial banks because they have
not acquired the habit of following simple accounting procedures. In addition
due to ignorance or illiteracy on the part of owners of small –scale businesses
they are not aware of some sources of finance available to them. In spite of
the government effort directed towards establishing schemes to assist them to obtain
finance.
1.3 Research
Question
The
following were the questions established for the research work. They include:
1. So
small –scale business occupy a very important place in the activities of Nigeria
economy?
2. Do
small businesses have any influence in terms of development of the economy as
regard the reconstruction of the capital base?
3. Do
a consumers view the performance appraisal system as a vital way of the
company?
1.4 Objective
of the Study
The
main objectives of the study include
1. To
highlight the various sources of financing available to small –scale business.
2. To
identify the problems associated with avenues for financing small –scale
business.
3. Also
to determine the extent to which these sources are being used by small –scale
business and the adequate funds provided by them.
4. To
ascertain whether there is capital shortage problems facing small –scale
business or is it mere illusion as in must literature.
5. To
suggest possible solutions to be problems associated with the identified
sources.
1.5 Statement
of Hypotheses
(1) Small –scale firms are unable to
maintain a satisfactory relationship with commercial banks because they have
not acquired the habit of the following simple account procedures.
(2) Small
–scale business owners do not prefer full ownership and control to be the
general overseers of their businesses and control to dilution owner through the
issuance of shares.
(3)
Most small business owners are not aware of the available sources of finance
through the various government schemes.
1.6 Scope
of the Study
The research is on the problem of
financing small- scale business. This study will cover the areas of the role of
financing in small –scale business. The types of sources managerial schemes and
skills to be used and the various problems of financing it also cover the scope
of planning and financing small –scale businesses.
1.7 Significance
of the Study
The essence or importance of the study is
that at its completion. The researcher will be able to ascertain whether capital
shortage is really a problems facing small –scale business or capital shortage
is mere illusion. The study will benefit the owners of small –scale business
and for those who will intend to start small –scale business it will enable
them to know the available sources of fund open to them. This will invariably
eradicate the ignorance of not knowing where to get the necessary finance. In
addition, the study will reveal the problems associated with the various small
–scale businesses.
Finally, the research would given
suggested solution to both authorities concerned and the small –scale business
operators on better ways to finance this
business sector.
1.8 Limitation
of the Study
This study is limited to final Touch
Barbing Saloon, Auchi, it will cover the sources of finance available to small
–scale business as reveled from studies and research into relevant literatures.
The
study will analyze the adequacy of the sources of finance available to small
–scale businesses and the constraints associated with these sources. The study
was constrained by time and cost as a result of the entire population of
small-scale business in Benin City
was not examine. Rather A Case Study of Final Touch Barbing Saloon, Auchi was
used.
1.9 Operational
Definition of Terms
Finance:- This
is also known as capital which is used to carry on or start up any
business the finance function is vital
for the profitable management of every business enterprise. (Lawal, 2001).
Trade Credit:-
This refers to buying goods to take them away before paying cash i.e. when a
trade collects goods he or she goes and sells before he /she comes bank to pay
at a promised date.
Commercial
Papers:- These are financial assets or instruments usually short –term. These
include bills of exchange certificate promissory note and treasure bills
(Nwakoby, 2008).
Financing Inventories:-
Inventories are stocks and also financial assets. The Britain people
call it stock while the American people call it inventories as it is much more
known in the business world (Horby, 2002).
Standing Order:-
This is when a current account is debited as installment payment when loan been
borrow is due.
Bank Credit:-
This is a short term loan given by bank to customer for financing business, as
a financial assistance. (Ahmed, 1993).
Overdraft:-
A system whereby depositor may write check in excess of their balance with the
banks automatically extending loans to cover the shortages over draft interest
is calculated on the total amount approved for the customer from the approval
date. (Prest, 2008).
Loans:-
This is money borrow from friends or relatives. These personal loans are
frequently made to get small business started and although they can be handled
as formally as bank loan, they often times are not, they may not have any
definite rate of interest or time are not. They may not have any definite rate
interest or time for repayment. The following are types of loans.
Bad Debt:-
This is a kind of debt which cannot be recovered. Some debtors cannot pay their
debts and such the chances of getting the debts are doubtful for this reason
some debts are written off and they are know as bad debts.
Business:-
Business is defined as all the commercial and industrial activities that
provide goods and services to maintain and improve our quality of life
(Braimah, 2003).
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