ABSTRACT

This study examines the effect of capital market on Nigerian economy. This study specifically examines the effect of market capitalization, all share index, and total value of shares traded on Nigerian economy proxied by real gross domestic product. The study adopted ex post facto research design. A time series data from 1985 to 2017 were collected from CBN statistical bulletin 2017 and used for the econometric analysis. The econometric analysis techniques used for this study was ordinary least square with double-log multiple regression model. The Econometrics Views (EViews) version 8.0 was used for the analysis. Generally, the result indicates that capital market has significant effect on Nigerian economy. To be specific, the result indicates that market capitalization and all share index respectively has positive and significant effect on Nigerian economy. While total value of share traded has positive but statistically insignificant effect on Nigerian economy. The study recommends among other things that the government should design and implement policies that will increase the market capitalization, which will in turn increase economic growth.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page                                                                                                                  i

Declaration                                                                                                              ii

Certification                                                                                                             iii

Acknowledgements                                                                                               iv

Dedication                                                                                                                v

Table of Content                                                                                                    vi

L ist of Tables                                                                                                          ix

Abstract                                                                                                                    x

CHAPTER ONE        

INTRODUCTION                                                                                                                 

1.1             Background to the study                                                                         1

1.2             Statement of the problem                                                                                  4

1.3             Objectives of the study                                                                            5

1.4             Research  questions                                                                                  6

1.5             Research hypotheses                                                                               6

1.6             Scope of the study                                                                                     6

1.7             Significance of the study                                                                          7

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      Conceptual review                                                                                     8

2.1.1   The roles of capital market                                                                      11

2.1.2   Challenges of the Nigerian capital market                                          12

2.1.3   Some Capital Market Performance   Indicators                                13                            

2.1.3.1 Market capitalization                                                                              13

2.1.3.2 All share index                                                                                          13      

2.1.3.3 Total value of stock traded                                                                    13

2.1.4 Overview of the Nigerian capital market                                              14

2.1.5 Reasons for the establishment of the Nigerian capital market                                                                                                                 14

2.1.6 The Nigerian security and exchange commission                               15

2.1.7 The Nigerian stock exchange                                                                   17                  

2.1.8 Functions of Nigerian stock exchange                                                   18

2.1.9 Economic growth                                                                                        18

2.2  THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK                                                            19

2.2.1 Financial liberalization theory                                                                  19

2.2.2 Endogenous growth theory                                                                      20

2.2.3 Modern portfolio theory                                                                           20

2.3 EMPIRICAL REVIEW                                                                            21

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research design                                                                                              28                  

3.2 Scope of the study                                                                                         28     

3.3 Nature and source of data                                                                            28                  

3.4 Model specification                                                                                        28

3.4.1 Description of  model variables                                                               30                                                                  

3.4.1.1 Dependent variable                                                                               30

3.4.1.2 Independent variables                                                                            30

3.5      Data analysis method                                                                               30

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION ,ANALYSIS,AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

4.1 Data presentation                                                                                         32

 4.2    Data analysis and interpretation                                                           33

4.2.1 Descriptive analysis                                                                                   33

4.3    Inferential statistics and test of hypotheses                                        35

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ,CONCLUSION , AND            RECOMMENDATIONS                                                

5.1 Summary of findings                                                                                    40

5.2 Conclusion                                                                                                      40

5.3 Recommendations                                                                                       41

5.4 Contribution to knowledge                                                                         42

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1:                  Data Presentation                                          32

Table 4.2:                  Descriptive Statistics                                                                     33

Table 4.3:                  Regression Estimates for the Effect of Capital

Market on Nigerian Economic growth                                     35

CHAPTER 1

1.1 Background to the Study

Considerable responds have been given to the capital market in finance and economics empirical studies. Yadirichukwu, & Chigbu (2014) relate the attention given to the capital market to its role in financial intermediation, specifically the provision of long-term, non-debt financial capital for companies to avoid inefficient dependence on debt financing, thereby improving corporate debt-to-equity ratio. This in turn is expected to enhance the economic growth of the nation. Thus, the capital market is an essential mechanism through which dormant funds of individuals, firms, and government are mobilized and made available as long term funds for various sectors of the economy (Ndako, 2010).

In 1989, the World Bank noted that the difference between the rich nation and poor nation is characterized by lack of financial resources to harness the economic resources of poor nations. Financial resources enable nations to harness economic resources for development.  The development of the financial system plays an important role in raising the adaptability and pace of development of an economy through its effects on saving and investment (Killick and Martin, 1990).  Thus, an efficient financial system that is supported by a good regulatory system promotes a country’s economic growth and development. Economic growth in a modern economy depends on an efficient financial sector that pools domestic savings and mobilizes foreign capital for productive investments.  Underdeveloped or poorly functioning capital market typically are illiquid and expensive which deters foreign investors.  Furthermore, illiquid and high transactions cost also hinder the efforts of larger domestic enterprises to raise capital and may push them to foreign markets (Mishra et al, 2010).

The financial sector is generally divided into three components which include the banking sector, the non-banking financial institutions and the capital market.  In recent years, as a result of the soviet union collapse and the positive effect of the capital market on most developed nations like united kingdom (UK) and United States of America (USA) capital market activities have taken a center stage in financial sector development in many developing economies (UNITAR/DFM, 2005).

The capital market has the financial intermediation capacity to link the deficit sector with the surplus sector of the economy.  Where the capital market lacks this capacity it deprives the economy of investment and production of goods and services for societal advancement. Funds could thereby be idle at one end, while being sought at the other end in pursuit of socio-economic growth and development (Akin-bohungbe, 1996). Capital markets are primarily created universally to provide means for effective mobilization of idle funds from surplus economic units and channeled into deficit units for long-term investment purposes (Ekineh, 1996).

The Nigerian capital market was established for the following main objectives; to mobilize savings from numerous economic units for economic growth and development, provide adequate liquidity to investors, provide source of funds for government, to broaden  the ownership base of assets as well as the creation of a buoyant private sector, others include to promote rapid capital formation, to encourage more efficient allocation of a given amount of tangible wealth through changes in the composition and ownership of wealth, encourage more efficient allocation of new investments through the price mechanism among others. The capital market was established when the need to raise funds from public sector to cover the temporary shortfalls in funds available arose.

In 1958, the central bank of Nigeria was established through the central bank of Nigeria Act of 1958. This was to establish the legal and infrastructural framework for the take- off of a viable securities/capital market in Nigeria. On September 15, 1960, the Lagos Stock Exchange was incorporated as a private limited liability company under the provisions of the Lagos Stock Exchange Act of 1960. On June 5, 1961, the Lagos Stock Exchange opened for business with 19 listed securities made up of 3 equities, 6 Federal Government Bonds, and 10 Industrial loans. Therefore the Capital Market commenced operations effectively on June 5, 1961 under the provision of the Lagos Stock Exchange Act of 1961. The Capital Issues Commission was also constituted to examine and recommend the establishment of an apex monitoring institution for the growing Nigerian Capital Market. In 1977, the name of the Lagos Stock Exchange was changed to the Nigerian Stock Exchange by the indigenization Decree of 1997.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established in 1979 through the SEC Act of 1979, to regulate the Capital market but actually started operation in 1980. It took over regulatory function from Capital Issues Commission established in 1973.From then, different forms of financial instruments have been issued in the Capital market by new and existing business to finance product development, new project or general business expansion (Osaze, 2007).

1.2     Statement of the problem

There has been a growing concern on the role of stock market in economic growth in recent times, therefore, economic policies and policy makers have concentrated on the stock market as a result of the perceived benefits it provides for the economy.  The capital market provides the support for stock market activities and it is always cited as a barometer of business direction. An active capital market may be depended on to measure changes in the general level of economic activities (Obadan, 1998).

Concluding from the extensive studies on the theoretical expectations on the role of capital markets on economic growth which have formed the core of normative economics, the capital market is expected to contribute to economic growth through the transmission mechanisms of savings mobilization, creation of liquidity, risk diversification, improved dissemination and acquisition of information, provision of long-term non-debt financial capital which enables companies to avoid over- dependence on debt financing, and enhanced incentive for corporate control amongst others. But, an X-ray on the path of “positive economics” which is concerned with “what is” rather than “what should be” shows that the argument in the literature on the growth effects of capital market has not been sufficiently resolved.  Consequently, this provides the basis for a further empirical investigation on the effect of capital market on economic growth.

1.3     Objectives   of the study

The main objective of the study is to assess the effect of capital market on Nigerian Economic growth from 1985-2017.

The specific objectives include:

i.        To assess the effect of total market capitalization on Nigerian economic growth.

ii.      To determine the relationship between all share index and Nigerian economic growth.

iii.    To assess the effect of total value of stock traded on Nigerian economic growth.

1.4     Research Questions

i.   What effect does total market capitalization have on Nigerian economic growth?

ii.  How does all share index relate with Nigerian economic growth?

iii. What is the effect of total value of stock traded on Nigerian economic growth?

1.5     Research Hypothesis

  Total market capitalization has no significant effect on Nigerian economic growth.

  There is no significant relationship between all share index and Nigerian economic growth.

  Total value of stock traded has no significant effect on Nigerian economic growth.

1.6     Scope of the study

This study examines the effect of capital market on Nigerian economic growth spanning from the period 1985-2017.Because the economy is a large component with different complex parts, this research work  focuses only on the financial sector, but the work did not still cover all the facets that make up the financial sector , but concentrated on the capital market.

1.7     Significance of the study

 It will contribute to existing literature on the subject matter by investigating empirically the role which capital market plays on Nigerian economic growth and development. This study will provide policy recommendations to policy- makers on ways to improve operations and activities of the capital market.

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