ABSTRACT
Data mining is the extraction of
hidden predictive information from large database which helps in predicting
future trend and behavior thereby helping management make knowledge driven
decisions. The data mining tool designed is to aid in quick access and retrieval
of patients information to avoid time wasted in retrieving of such data from
hospitals data warehouse. The data mining tool was also designed to discover
hidden pattern that helps in decision making by management. Structured System
Analysis and Design Methodology were used in the analysis of the existing
system which also provided a guide for the design of the proposed system.
PHP programming language and my SQL
was used in the creation of a data warehouse for patient‟s information and data
mining tool for the retrieval of such information when needed.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval Page………………………………………………………………..i
Certification Page…………………………………………………………… ii
Dedication……………………………………………………………………iii
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………...v
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………
vi
Abstract……………………………………………………………………...
x
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of
Study……………………………………………. 1
1.2 Statement of the
Problem……………………………………….. 2
1.3 Objectives of
Study……………………………………………... 3
1.4 Significance of
Study…………………………………………… 4
1.5 Scope of
Study…………………………………………………...4
1.6 Limitations of
Study………………………………………….. …4
1.7 Definition of related
terms…………………………………….… 5
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction……………………………………….. ………..7
2.2 Review of related literature………………………………….11
CHAPTER
THREE
SYSTEM
ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 System
analysis…………………………………..…......16
3.2 Method of data collection…………………..………........17
3.2.1 Interviewing key officer………………………………….17
3.2.2 Observation method………………………………………18
3.2.3 Examination of document…………………………………18
3.3 Analysis of the existing system……………..……………..18
3.3.1 Organization profile chart…………………………….........18
3.3.2 Advantages of the existing
system…………..….………….20
3.3.3 Disadvantage of the existing system…………….………….21
3.4 Analysis of the proposed system………………….…………21
3.4.1 Justification of the proposed system…………………………22
3.5 Methodology……………………………………………………23
3.5.1 Recommended appropriate mode…………………………….24
CHAPTER
FOUR
SYSTEM
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Overview of design……………………………………………25
4.2 Main menu………………………………………………….....26
4.3 Program modules specification………………………………27
4.3.1 Database design and specification……………………………27
4.3.2 Input/output
specification……………………………………28
4.3.3 Input form……………………………………………………29
4.3.4 Output form…………………………………………………..31
4.3.4.1 Medical record
system………………………………..32
4.4 Flowchart of the proposed
solution………………………….34
4.5 Choice and justification of programming language…………..35
4.6 System requirement ………………………………………….37
4.7
Implementation plan…………………………………………..37
4.7.1
Testing………………………………………………………...38
4.7.2 Conversion…………………………………………………….39
4.7.3 Training……………………………………………………….40
4.8 Maintenance
details………………………………………….40
CHAPTER
FIVE
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS, CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary………………………………………………….41
5.2 Review of achievements…………………………………..42
5.3 Areas of
application………………………………………..42
5.4 Suggestion for further studies………………………………42
5.5 Recommendation……………………………………………43
5.6
Conclusion…………………………………………………..43 REFERENCES…………………………………………………...45
APPENDIX A (Program codes)
APPENDIX B (Sample, output forms)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
Data mining, is the extraction of
hidden predictive information from large database, is a powerful new technology
with great potential to help companies focus on the most important information
in their data warehouses. Data mining tools predict future trends and
behaviors, allowing businesses to make proactive, knowledge driven decisions.
The automated, prospective analysis offered by data mining move beyond the
analyses of past events provided by retrospective tools typical of decision
support systems. Data mining tools can answer business questions that
traditionally were too time consuming to resolve. The scour databases for
hidden patterns, finding predictive information those experts may miss because
it lies outside their expectations.
Most companies already collect and
refine massive quantities of data. Data mining techniques can be implemented
rapidly on existing software and hardware platforms to enhance the value of
existing information resources, and can be integrated with new products and
system as they are brought on-line. Which implemented on high performance
client/server or parallel processing computers, data mining tools can analyze
massive database to deliver answers to questions such as “Which client are most
likely to respond to my next promotional mailing, and Why?”
Data mining techniques are result
of a long process research and product development. This evolution began when
business data was first stored on computers, continued with improvement in data
access, and more recently, generated technologies that allow users to navigate
through their data in real time. Data mining takes this evolutionary process
beyond retrospective data access and navigation to prospective and proactive
information delivery.
Data mining is ready for application
in the business community because it is supported by three technologies that
are sufficiently mature: massive data collection, powerful multiprocessor
computers and data mining algorithms. In this evolution from business data to
business information, each new step has built upon the previous one. For
example, dynamic data access is critical for drill-through in data navigation
applications, and the ability to store large database is critical to data
mining.
The file management is obsolete in
developed countries like the United States where and in developing countries
like Nigeria the file system is still processed manually in most medical
centers; this is as a result of low standard of technology. It was clear that
computer is everywhere in Nigeria. These computers are for money making and as
a result of this, our hospitals lack computerized services, but with the help
of data mining we can also computerize our hospitals.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The problem of data mining has
become very crucial in areas of privacy of data. Specifically regarding the
source of the data analyzed for certain purpose. My research in Owerri General
Hospital here reveals that patients visit the hospital and they waste a lot of
time. The patients waits for the nurses or the attendants to get their data and
there are volumes of files to search through before the patients files is
finally retrieved or the patients might forget his/her card when visit the
hospital.
It there means that the patient‟s
data cannot be found due to the fact that the Nurse does not know the patients
number. In this case it is either that the patients is denied treatment by the
Doctor or the Nurses will check through the volumes of files in order to
retrieved his/her data, this is time consuming problem. There is a problem of
misplacing of patients data, the non-availability of relevant forms like
x-ray/laboratory forms and chats (pressure chats temperature) and requirement
of more workers to carry the folders into the consulting rooms as an evident.
Moreover, there are mistakes in
entering patient‟s records. Two patients might be given the same number and
there could be wrong spelling and loss of important information. There is also
lack of space for storing all the files and also due to carelessness on the
part of staff.
Furthermore, volume of work for the
hospital staff is much; this is because the ratio of patients to staff of
Owerri General Hospital is so much. So staffs are over worked and they hurry
through their duty, hence they carry out such duties lousily which makes the
Doctors unfriendly to their patients.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
Objectives of this research
work are to:
Create
a data warehouse for storage of patient‟s information thereby eliminating
manual file storage of patient‟s records.
Design
a good data mining tool that will help in easy retrieval of patient information
thereby reducing time wastage and improve service delivery.
The
data mining tool will be able to discover hidden pattern in large volume of
data which will help in good decision making.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
This research will cover the
creation of good database system for the management of patient‟s records in
Owerri general hospital and also provide efficient data mining tool for easy
retrieval of data and discovery of hidden patterns in large volume of data.
1.5 SCOPE
OF STUDY
This research work will be carried
out on data mining for medical record system of Owerri General Hospital. The
work reported in this research could be viewed as a step towards enhancing
databases with functionalities.
1.6 LIMITATION
OF STUDY
Data mining record is limited in
that; some manual operation will still be needed to carry out the operation
effectively. There was some constraints encountered during collection of data,
poor data collection becomes apparent due to interviewing of hospital representatives
like the consultants. Nurses, Doctors, Hospital attendants who were reluctant
to disclose important information and statistical data which otherwise would
have been relevant to this research, due to hospital secret which breeds some
indifferent attitudes towards that.
It takes a long
time and large commitment of resources to get a good result, unavailability of
text and materials on this topic, made gathering of facts very difficult, some
of the facts were gathered from the internet, which is quite expensive.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Data Mining: Can be defined as “The nontrivial extraction of
implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from data, and
“The science of extracting useful information from large data set or databases”.
It involves
sorting through large amounts of data and picking out relevant information.
Information Retrieval: The act of locating quantities of data
stored in a Database and producing useful information from the data.
Information Processing: A method of
organizing, processing and extracting information to be easily stored,
retrieved, searched and updated.
Record:
It is a unit of data representing a particular transaction or a basic
element of a file consisting in turn a number of interrelated data elements.
Hospital: A hospital is an institution
of medical treatment of the sick and injured people.
Model: Is a pattern or mathematical/symbolic representation of real
life
System and or abstract system
behaviors.
Artificial Intelligence: It is a branch
of computer science that is dedicated to the study of the ways in which
computers can be used to emulate or duplicate most human function.
Knowledge Base: Is an organized
collection of declarative and procedural relationships that represents
expertise in a focused area
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