TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
Statement of the
Problem.
Purpose of the
Study
Research Questions
Research
Hypotheses
Significance of
the Study
Scope
of the Study
Limitation to the Study
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Introduction
The Concept of
Adjustment.
Concept of Marital
Adjustment
Theories of
Marital Adjustment
Structural Model
The Couple System
Marital Boundaries
Adjustment Process
Behavioral Marital Model
Positive Reinforcement
Extinction
Reciprocity
Experimental Model
Factor Theory of Personality and Social Desirability
Demographic and
Psycho-Social Factors as a Correlate to Marital Adjustment
Gender of Spouse
as Correlate Marital Adjustment
Education of
Spouse as Correlate Marital Adjustment
Emotional
Intelligence as Correlate Marital Adjustment
Theoretical
Background
Empirical
Background
Appraisal
of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The
Design of the Study
Research
Population
Sample
and Sampling Technique
Research Instrument
Validity of Instrument.
Method of Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Of Findings
Conclusion
Recommendations
APPENDIX
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
Marital
relationship is the foundation of family life because it involves the union
between a man and a woman as husband and wife. Marriage is a component part of
the culture usually formalized by the custom, law and occasionally solemnized
by religion. It is a means by which physiological, procreation, social,
emotional and security needs are satisfied. (Ebenuwa-Okoh, 2003)
Human society is essentially developed from
marital relationship when married persons are wedded, they always make
commitment to remain in the bond of unity and love “until death do us apart”.
However, available statistics of marital breakdown show that many married
persons who make such vows do not keep them to the end (National Centre for
Health statistic, 1994). Marital relationship has now become a global
phenomenon referencing the position of father, the mother and the children,
from the royal families of princes and princesses down to the peasant farmers
in our contemporary time. The happenings among Nigerian married persons in the
present day make one to believe there is absolute joy attached to marriages. On
the other hand, marital maladjustment can exist in a situation married persons
frequently nag, quarrel or fight, which may eventually lead to separation and
divorce in extreme cases. Divorce is the end result of a malfunctioning marital
relationship. Its traumatic effects on the society are numerous (Riches, 1991).
A close look at this implications shows that some family life and marriage that
does not take into cognizance adjustment in their marital status, are in for
serious trouble but the aggregate understanding of individual differences as made
the sustainability of such marital status much more suitable for
survival(Banjo, 2001). In the same vein, Statistics have shown that in America,
for example, one out of every two marriages contacted end in a divorce
(National Centre for Health Statistics, 2006). This situation is not
significantly different in other parts of the world, Nigeria inclusive. For
example, in Nigeria, divorce statistics from the federal high court,
Benin-city; showed that 99 divorces were granted within 4 years of marriage which
as given rise in .
In
2000, there was a study which discussed the situation of marital maladjustment.
It found out that were 23 divorces; 32 in 2001; 19 in 2002 and 25 in 2003. The
lower courts, e.g. Magistrate, Area and customary probably recorded more
divorce cases. The above statistics show that the rate of divorce cases is
assuming a significant proportion as in marital maladjustment. The example
given serves are as an insight into the unsavory fate of marriage in Nigeria.
Soon after wedding, many things begin to unfold, for instance, selfishness in
management of finances and poor communication flow (Ebenuwa-Okoh, 2007), Available
data and experience have shown that quite a number of married persons fail to
realize the marital bliss which they had earlier desired. This is because at
marriage, a new and much more intimate dimension of the relationship is added.
Many married persons may not have tested psychological capabilities to cope
sufficiently in marriage before going into wedlock, and therefore, they cannot
adjust to the demands of living together in such intimate relationship. Human
society is dynamic. There are constant changes in social values mass media,
science and technology. These changes have come so rapidly that the new social
problems, such as several permissiveness and increase in divorce cases. These
have led to new morality including the break-down of traditional norms and
values. Such breakdown of values has numerous implications. Acquired immune
deficiency syndrome (AIDs), unwanted pregnancies and abortions, abandonment as
well as single parenthood. These implications have different dimensions and are
causing great problem in the marital world. (Edelman 2005). These changes are
capable of stretching family relationships to a breaking point. When this
happens, love, which is the true bedrock of marriage collapses. Leading to
communication breakdown. Consequently, sex life becomes unsatisfactory. Nothing
holds together, and mistrust sets in (Eneh and Ndom, 1996; Agbe, 1998; Ezeh,
1998; and Mallum, 1999). This phenomenon has not been adequately researched
into in our society.
The
study examines the extent to which communication flow, emotional expression,
work involvement; gender, personality types, and duration of marriage explain
changes in gender, personality types, duration of marriage as correlate marital
adjustment. Main while, marital adjustment as been characterized by series of
factors attached therein which are psycho-social and demographic in nature
which serves as a determinant to the longetivity of marital affairs. It must
therefore be noted that one of the most important relationships between a man and
women is marital adjustment. It involves emotional and legal commitment that is
quite important in any adult life. Moreover, selecting a partner and entering
into a marital contract are considered both maturational milestone and personal
achievement. There is no doubt that the choice of marital partner is one of the
most important decisions one makes in a lifetime.
In
spite of the magnitude of marital adjustment that exist in Nigerian couples,
the study tends to examine the demographic and psycho-social factors as
correlate of marital adjustment among couples in Nigeria; using Ijebu-ode as
the case-study.
Statement of the Problem.
Marital harmony is a globally important social
phenomenon, which plays vital role in our life. Successful marital relationship
is based on many factors but economic resources are considered to be most
essential.
Hence, Interpersonal conflicts in married life can
create a lot of stress among spouses and other family members that; if
prolonged can also lead to psychological disturbances. It is believed that
accurate knowledge of the moderating effects of these variables on marital
adjustment will provide opportunity for effective and efficient marital
counseling in among couples. The arrival of Wife into a family, in which many couples
experience loss of sleep, long years of infertility , sexual decline, economic
pressures only to mention a few as a correlation marital adjustment among
couples.
Purpose of the Study
The study to investigate the correlation of
demographic and psycho-social factors as correlates of marital adjustment among couples in Ijebu-Ode local Government.
This is in view of the fact that interpersonal problems arises out of
differences in the roles played by couples. Specifically, the study sought the
following:
1.
To investigate the marital adjustment
patterns of couples and demographic factors.
2.
To
correlate the marital adjustment and psycho-social factors.
3.
To examine the various causes of marital
adjustment among couples in Nigerian society.
4.
To investigate the effects of demographic
and psycho-social factors on marital adjustment among couples.
5.
To examine the counseling implication to
marital adjustment and associated factors.
Research Questions
The study sought answers
to the following questions:
1.
What is the is the influence of
demographic and psycho-social factors on marital adjustment among couple ?
2.
What is the correlation between gender,
age, qualification and financial capability of couples and marital adjustment ?
3.
What is the nature of relationship
between the variables of gender, age at marriage, emotional expression,
communication flow, financial management, work involvement and marital
adjustment among couples in Ijebu-ode Local government ?
.Research
Hypotheses
1.
There will be no
correlation between gender, age, educational qualification and marital
adjustment among couples.
2. There will be no significant relationship
between intelligence quotient, emotional intelligence, personality types and
marital adjustment among couples.
Significance
of the Study
Martial adjustment as been caused by
various factors which are demographic variables and psycho-social factors. The
study tends to established the factors responsible for adjustment couples marital affairs, the study stands the
position to established a strategies for separated homes.
Clearly, creating strategies on how to
deal with marital issues in Nigerian society. The study describes the position
of stakeholders in the business of counseling and guidance, the provision of family
therapeutic devices for emerging families.
Scope of the Study
The study covers Ijebu-ode
Local Government which is set to examine the demographic and psycho-social
factors as correlate of marital adjustment among couples.
Limitation
to the Study
This study would be
limited to the city of Ijebu-ode, it should have covered more than the city of Ijebu-ode
Local Government but this was however proved abortivedue to the following
reasons below;
Ø Time
factor: The researcher had limited time and thus was not able to cover a wide
location within a short period.
Ø Holiday
also limits the scope of the study as there is break and sometimes strike
actions in government schools and the researcher had no time to be wasted.
Nevertheless, it is hoped that the result
of the study at the end would not be affected by the identified limitations.
Operational Definition of Terms
1. Demographic:
- This
involves the entirety of an individual which are age , gender, occupation,
financial status, e.t.c
2. Psycho-Social:-
This are human emotions, intelligent level, orientation level and
communication with the ecosystem.
3. Marital Adjustment: Marital or dyadic
adjustment may be conceptualized as a process and the outcome is determined by
the amount of troublesome dyadic differences, interpersonal tensions and
personal anxiety, dyadic satisfaction, matters relating to marital functioning,
these aspects of adjustment are applicable to both married and unmarried
couples.
4. Couples:-
This
are relationship which have agreed to come together in good terms in bid to
achieve marital goals and also cooperate to give birth to children.
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