BUDGETING FACTORS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: DETERMINANTS OF TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE (A STUDY OF OSHODI/ISOLO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE.)

TABLE OF CONTENT

                                                                                      Page(s)

Title                                                                                i

Certification                                                                    ii

Dedication                                                                       iii

Acknowledgement                                                             iv

Table of content                                                               vi

Abstract                                                                          ix                                   

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Historical Background Study                                  1-3

1.2     Statement of the problem                                       3-5

1.3     Significance of Study                                             5

1.4     Scope and Purpose of the Study                    6

1.5     Hypothesis                                                            6-7

1.6     Research Methodology                                            7-8

1.7     Limitation of the Study                                          7-8

1.8     Plan of the Study                                                   8

1.9     Brief History of the case study                      9-11

CHAPTER TWO

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1         Definition of control                                                         12-17

2.2     Objectives of Budgetary Control System                           17

2.3     Review of Operational Definition                                      18-20

2.4     Budget Preparation                                                          20-21

2.5     Government Budget Preparation                                      22

2.6     The Historical Setting of Budgeting                                  22-25

2.7     Method of Preparing  Budget Estimate                              25-26

2.8     Traditional or Incremental Budgeting Method                   26-27

2.9     Zero Base Budgeting (ZBB]                                              27-30

2.10   Programme and performance Budgeting (PPB)                   30-31

2.11   Planning  Programmme Budgeting System (PPBS)   31-36

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1         Introduction                                                                    37

3.2     Research Design                                                             37-38

3.3     Types of Research Design                                                38-39

3.4     Data Collection Method                                                   39-41

3.5     Advantages of Questionnaire                                            41

3.6     Questionnaire Design and Administration                        41-42

3.7     Population                                                                       41-43

3.8     Reliability and Validity                                                    43-46

3.9     Problems Encountered                                                     46

3.10   Method of Data Analysis                                        46-47

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA  ANALYSIS

4.1     Data Analysis and Interpretation                                     48

4.2     Analysis of Questionnaire                                                48-60

4.3     Testing of Hypothesis                                                       61-68       

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.1     Summary                                                                       69-73

5.2     Recommendations                                                 73-76

5.3     Conclusion                                                                     76

BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                                         77-78

APPENDICES                                                                            79-82

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Educational Administrators have long been aware that budgeting it a useful exercise. Budgeting is a dynamic accounting tool at the disposal of management for the allocation of resources optimally in the midst of scarcity through effective planning, coordinating, and controlling the financial activities of a business. Budget now occupy a leading place among the tools of management. Madumere (2008) stated that   budgets are operational instruments for allocation of resources in the economy and for transformation of the society in accordance with set goals. The education managers will like to know the share of public funds allocated to education in order to know exactly what financial inputs are at their disposal for planning and execution of programmes for the particular period concerned. This implies that without budget analysis decision-making in nay organization including education and other training grounds would be hampered.  

As an instrument of change, education undergoes periodic reforms in the development of any nation. The prime movers of this reforms are the teachers who must be duely remunerated and promptly paid to induce them to put in their best.

Perrin (2009) assert that the world budget originated from the own French word “baguette”  It was first used in England to describe the white leather bag or pouch that held the seal of the medieval court of Exchequers. Later the ministers bag containing his proposal for financing government expenditure became known as his budget; whenever he presents his proposal to the parliament he was  said to "open his budget" this phrase was first-.used in 1733AD.

The role and importance of budget have assumed a new dimension in recent times both within the public private sectors of the economy. Budgeting is seen as a key mechanism in managing organizations especially the complex  education system. The budget could be for annual or biannual period. The analysis would help to see the evaluation of the share to education over the stipulated period.

Education managers or planners and administrators of education, need knowledge of budget analysis to be able to perform their tasks efficiently. Specifically the budget shows how much of the state’s budget is allocated to education sector and sectors for the particular year 2011. It suffices to mention that Lagos State Government  as at 2011 in its line item budget system released an intended expenditure of N52,000,000 (One Hundred Fifty Two Million Naira only for the running of each of its sit educational districts include the area under study. This represents 48% for the fiscal year as axpansitated in chapter two of this stud. One of the techniques widely employed in the analysis of the budget is the calaucaytion of the percentages of each them over the total budget. This gives the effect proportion of any item in question. It is o pediment for education planners to analyse budgets which are determinate of teachers perforce. This is because, it takes motivated teachers or workforce to optimally utilize the resources available to them.

It is against this backdrop that this study is aimed at examing every form of narrowly conceived budgeting system or those which are insensitively applied and therefore dysfunctional to educational system in Nigeria. Thus, this project research of a mind  the budgeting system of the case study, Lagos education district Two coping of Oshodi/Isolo L.G.A and its environs.

1.2   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY  

This research access budgeting factus determinants of teacher preference in public decay schools in Lagos State whether Nigeria is a ratio has benefited from its budgeting administration and to evaluate this development to effective school administration in which the teacher is the prime mover of the economy is below off.

The study therefore will be of benefit to the following:

1.   Administration 

2.   Teachers

3.   Students

4.   Government

1.3   DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Budgeting:     A comprehensive and coordinated plan, expression in financial terms for the operations and resources of an enterprise for some specific permot in the future.

2. Secondary Schools: This is the post primary and pre-tertiary level of formal education.

3. Control: A measure put in place to checkmate the execution of task.

4. Budget Committee: A body responsible for preparing the budget in a given organization.

5. Budget circle: A set of event occurring in the same sequence annually cumulating to an approved budget.

6. Educational Budget: This  is an operational instrument for allocation of resources in the school system. For planning and execution of performance for the particular period concerned.

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