ABSTRACT
This study investigates the Role of
Cooperatives in Poverty Alleviation. The study was based in the Federal Radio
Corporation of Nigeria Kaduna Multipurpose Cooperative Society. The research
review the literatures of related study and were duly acknowledge. Data were
collected through constructed questionnaire and interview methods comprising
members of the study area. Using systematic sampling techniques. The
perceptible equations and tabular illustrations were used to present data
Obtained in the Study. Results obtained from the study suggested that members
of the study area and the public benefit immensely from the activities of
cooperative societies. Hence, cooperatives help to alleviate poverty amongst
its members.
TABLE OF
CONTENT
Title page - - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - ii
Approval Page - - - - - - - - - iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - vii
Table of content - - - - - - - - - ix
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Background
of the study - - - - - - 5
1.2 Historical background of the study area - - - - 6
1.3 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - 7
1.4 Objective of the study -- - - - - - - 8
1.5 Significance of the study - - - - - - 9
1.6 Research Question - - - - - - - 10
1.7 Scope of the study -- - - - - - - 11
1.8 Operational Definition of term - - - - - 11
CHAPTER
TWO: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 13
2.2 Cooperative
Development Exposure - - - - 16
2.3 Poverty
- -- - - - - - - - 17
2.4 Nigeria’s Poverty Situation - - - - - - 18
2.5 Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria - - - - - 20
2.6 Cooperative A tool for Promoting Desert
Work and reducing poverty - - - - - - 23
CHAPTER
THREE: Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 28
3.2 Research Design - - - - - - - 28
3.3 Population Sample - - -- - - - - 28
3.4 Sample size - - - - - - - - 29
3.4.1 Justification
for the sample size - - - - - 29
3.5 Sample Technique - - - - - - - 29
3.5.1 Justification for the sampling Technique - - - - 30
3.6 Research Instruments - - - - - - - 30
3.7 Method of Data presentation and statistical analysis - - 30
3.8 Limitations of the study - - - - - - - 31
CHAPTER
FOUR: Data Presentation And Analysis
4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 32
4.2 Presentation Analysis Based on respondents bio data - 32
4.3 Data Analysis Based on questionnaire - - - - 35
CHAPTER
FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary
- - - - - - - - - 44
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 45
5.3 Recommendation - - - - - - - 46
Reference - - - - - - - - - 48
Appendix I - - - - - - - - - 49
Appendix II - - - - - - - - - 50
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
From
the beginning of mankind, man has been engaged in a continuous battle to
liberate himself from the shackle condition of life called poverty. Consider
the following situation.
A. A
destitute is begging for alms at Public Park to buy food from a nearby food
stand.
B. A
young university trained professional lost her job a few months ago and her
bills are mounting because she is still employed.
C. An
investor is unable to pay his children’s school fees this semester because his
expected earning from investments did not materialize.
D. A
millionaire needs to take tranquilizer every night because he cannot sleeps
without them.
Which
of these four people would you consider poor? A is both income poor and socially
deprived. B may not be socially deprived. Being well educated but she is income
poor, being educated but she is income poor, being out of employment. C is cash
poor, but only for a short time because he can convert has investment into cash
if necessary. D is not poor by any material standards but he is spirit poor
because money cannot buy him a sound sleep.
In
general, a discussion of poverty as a socio – economic issues is limited mainly
to the situations covered in A and B above. But cooperative’s pride themselves
as “enterprises” with a soul” will target all four cases.
The
definition and measurement of poverty can be quite elusive. It varies from place to place and from time to time.
Poverty is a condition of life so degraded by disease, illiteracy malnutrition
as it denies the basic human necessities. It is therefore difficult to give a
precise definition of poverty. But the poor society in terms of their economic,
cultural Social and psychological condition. In an attempt to attack this chronic
disease (poverty) the basic problems of development should be redefined as a
selective attack on the worst form of poverty.
Developmental
goals must be defined in terms of the progressive reduction and eventually
elimination of malnutrition, diseases, illiteracy, unemployment and inequality.
Once again the relationship between poverty and development is clear. Where
there is abundant poverty there is little or no development. After all, the
process of development itself is geared towards the elimination of poverty and
inequality in order to give room for a better life for mankind.
Cooperatives
societies which is primarily to alleviate poverty among people because the
purpose of incorporating the society is to meet the common felt needs of the
members and the general public on social and economic needs as well as cultural
aspirations of the individual thereby complementing the efforts of the
government towards the alleviation of poverty in the society. Cooperatives is
aimed at receiving the policies towards alleviating of poverty in the society
in terms of their economic, cultural, social and psychological condition of
both members and the general public. Over the years cooperatives has made
efforts in reducing the poor standards of living of the poor masses in the
society. Hence the importance of Cooperatives towards the alleviation of
poverty can not be over emphasized; it can be summarized in the following
succeeding lines:
a. Cooperatives
encourage the poor in the society to save little money that may be encountered,
so that they can conveniently solve the problems.
b. Cooperatives
create/open up viable avenue for the less privilege to benefit from government
and any other credit outside their places of work in order to enable them solve
immediate problems and other top benefit from them.
c. Stimulation
of economic growth through the engagement of semi skilled and unskilled labour
in productive activities.
d. Minimizing
rural – Urban drift through the improvement of rural communities.
e. Empowering
the environment to arrest environmental deregulation.
Programme
activities and strategies to achieve the objectives of cooperatives towards alleviation
of poverty include.
a. Cooperatives
are trying to reduce the alarming rate of poverty through the provision of
goods and services at a cheaper cost for the common average man to afford.
b. Cooperatives
help to prevent exploitation of the less privilege. By organizing
workshop/seminars to educate areas that are yet to develop in terms of
education, inadequate health centers, inadequate companies to work for their
daily wages in order to better their lives and reduce the rate of poverty in
the society.
c. Empowering
women and men to participate in decision that affect lives and that enables
them to build their strengths and assets.
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Nigeria
like other developing countries have done a lot in terms of improving the
standards of its citizens through the provision of employment, shelter, food
supplies, basic infrastructural facilities, good education system and a
conducive political and socio – economic environment. Of all these deep-rooted
social and economic ills, the most frightening is poverty, it is alarming
because it’s capacity of learning all social fabric and social values.
Consequently, all attempt made to reduce poverty cannot be improved.
Nigeria,
since independence has been battling on how to reduce poverty on its citizenry.
In this regard, programmes, agencies. And a mission were drawn, instituted and
formed to address this ugly issue or hydro – headed monster (poverty). We are
all aware of the philosophies behind regional areas like the Northern Nigeria
Development Cooperation (NNDC) Western Nigeria Development Cooperation (WNDC)
and Eastern Nigeria Development Cooperation (ENDC).
All
these cooperation were constructed for the purpose of giving soft loans for the
developmental projects and other employment opportunities to the respective
regions from the federal government and from the limited sources of their
respective regional areas.
The
introduction of cooperatives societies in Nigeria came about through the
feasibility study of Mr. Strickland in his reported submitted in 1933 when the
Nigeria government realized the significance of cooperative. This resulted to
the formation of cooperative. Inspite of all these cooperation, agencies and
societies have proved to be very potent in reducing the level of poverty in our
society.
1.2
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
Federal
Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) Kaduna Multipurpose cooperative society was
formed primarily to promote the general economic interest among its aimed at
providing cash, kind and loan for necessary productive purpose with society as
a means of income and with a reasonable convenient term of repayment. The
multipurpose cooperatives society is formed to promote cooperatives spirit
among its member and to work for the general improvement of the members living
standard.
The
cooperative society (FRCN) also engages in any meaningful business ventures or
trading. Activities outsides the cooperative society so as to enhance the
earnings of the society.
Finally
federal Radio Corporation Radio Corporation multipurpose cooperative society was formed to encourage
the development of cooperatives movement in Nigeria
1.3 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM.
Poverty
as a figure disturbing the people or society are due to the fact that all
governmental schemes to alleviate poverty has not been shown in the study area.
The
unemployment situation in the society is at the increasing rate among the
people due to the limitation of cooperatives awareness in the society. The
people fail to know or understand what cooperative really means or is taking
about. Due to the high population of Nigeria, which impose the problems of
poverty as to no job opportunities in the societies.
Again
despite all the effort of poverty alleviation by the cooperatives movement,
there are obstacles that hinder people from participating and enjoying these
economic developments. Such obstacles are: lack of adequate cooperative
education or awareness and enlightenment amongst the populace as such people
respond to cooperative movement very poor. Those who are actively involved in
this movement of the cooperatives do not also fully enjoy the economic aspect
of the movement, which is the foremost objective of cooperative. This is
because of the lack or inadequate cooperative knowledge of its members. Also
improper management by committee members of different societies.
This
research work, will examine ways of solving the set aside problems that hinders
the full participation and enjoyment of
the cooperative movement activities by its member, towards poverty alleviation
and the betterment of their social –economic activities.
1.4 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
The
objectives of the study are to find out whether cooperative societies can help
in the alleviation of poverty. It is also an objective of the study to make
comparison on findings from this exercise with previous studies on the same
research topic, Again, the objective of the study is to examine if all
cooperative principles is best applied in the cooperative societies.
It
is equally an objective of the study to examine the extent of people’s
involvement in cooperative particularly in the rural areas.
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The
data Collected analyzed and summarized will be used for decision and possibly
recommendations will be forwarded to the parties concerned.
Following
the objectives of the study as earlier stated, the significance of this study
in the first place, is that, it will assist to bring into focus the real
cooperative activities, what they are doing and what can be done to tackle the
socio – economic problems of the people for possible appreciation of the places
of cooperatives societies in the economy and in the role of poverty reduction
among members.
The
importance of this study is to underline the fact that poverty is today the
dominant factor in the Nigeria human development. This study therefore is
expected that the wider dimension of poverty government as well as cooperative
societies effort in alleviating poverty will be examined.
This
research work is of great significance to the area under study because the
group and individual member of the society or the area under study will morally
and mentally benefit from the knowledge’s and information, which this study
will make available for continuous enlightenment. So as to remain conscious and
enlightened for greater participation in the cooperative movement.
1.6
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
1. Do
cooperative societies enhance the living standard of its bonafide members?
2. Could
Low enrolment of Individuals lead to failure of cooperative society?
3. What
is the extend of people involvement in cooperative particularly the working
class?
4. What
are the basic economic activities being carried out by cooperative to alleviate
poverty?
1.7
SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
Since
the subject matter is based on an assessment of the role of cooperatives in
poverty alleviation. It has to be focused from different angles with references
to the provision of basic minimum wages, improving economic programs.
This
research work will examine the role and the extend to which the society is
economically helping the members towards enhancing their socio – economic well
being. Provision of basic education and general implementation/improving the
living standards of the population.
The
researcher have to limit the sizeable level where justice can be seen to have
been done to the topic of study since a list of time will be needed to do an
extensive research on a topic of this nature coupled with the attended cost.
1.8
OPERATIONAL
DEFINATION OF TERMINOLOGIES
v COOPERATIVE: An
association of individuals united voluntarily to meet their economic, cultural,
social needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically
controlled enterprises.
v POVERTY: Aluwalia (1973)
“Defines Poverty by the number of people living below a specified minimum level
of income an imaginary poverty line knows nationals boundaries and is
independent of the level of national per capital income. However, it magnitude
may be much less in terms of total number or percentage of the total
populations”
v ALLEVIATION: This
as a term in this research work means the reduction or lessening and
elimination of any factors that leads to poverty and deprivation among the
populace so as to increase their income level.
v MEMBERS: These are persons who
are fully registered in the society and who have completed all the necessary
registration process.
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